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12 - Hydrogen distribution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2010

By
Michael Ball ,
Werner Weindorf  and
Ulrich Bünger
Edited by
Michael Ball  and
Martin Wietschel
Michael Ball
Affiliation:
Shell, The Netherlands
Martin Wietschel
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Summary

An area-wide supply of hydrogen will, in the medium to long term, require the implementation of an extensive transport and distribution infrastructure. In addition, a dense network of refuelling stations will have to be put in place. This chapter first addresses the various options for hydrogen transport and their characteristics. Subsequently, different fuelling station concepts will be discussed.

Transport options for hydrogen

Three main options are used today for hydrogen transport: delivery of compressed gaseous and liquid hydrogen by trailers and of gaseous hydrogen by pipelines. The technical and economic competitiveness of each transport option depends on transport volumes and delivery distances. As hydrogen transport costs could be considerably reduced if the existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure could be used, further possibilities under consideration are the adaptation of natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transport or the transport of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures. As for hydrogen transport by ship, so far only different concept studies have been developed.

Gaseous-hydrogen transport

Hydrogen compression

Hydrogen compression is a prerequisite for the transport of hydrogen either by pipeline or in gaseous form by trailers. The compression of hydrogen is less energy intensive than liquefaction.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Hydrogen Economy
Opportunities and Challenges
 , pp. 322 - 347
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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