Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of main contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- List of abbreviations
- 1 Scope of the book
- 2 Why hydrogen?
- 3 Non-renewable energy resources: fossil fuels – supply and future availability
- 4 Non-renewable energy resources: nuclear fuels
- 5 Assessment of the potentials for renewable energy sources
- 6 Carbon capture and storage
- 7 Energy-chain analysis of hydrogen and its competing alternative fuels for transport
- 8 Hydrogen today
- 9 Fundamental properties of hydrogen
- 10 Hydrogen production
- 11 Hydrogen storage
- 12 Hydrogen distribution
- 13 Key role of fuel cells
- 14 Hydrogen-infrastructure build-up in Europe
- 15 Building a hydrogen infrastructure in the USA
- 16 Hydrogen and the electricity sector
- 17 Hydrogen corridors
- 18 Macroeconomic impacts of hydrogen
- 19 Sustainable transport visions: the role of hydrogen and fuel-cell vehicle technologies
- 20 Energy-efficient solutions needed – paving the way for hydrogen
- 21 The future of hydrogen – opportunities and challenges
- Further reading
- Index
- References
6 - Carbon capture and storage
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 January 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of main contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- List of abbreviations
- 1 Scope of the book
- 2 Why hydrogen?
- 3 Non-renewable energy resources: fossil fuels – supply and future availability
- 4 Non-renewable energy resources: nuclear fuels
- 5 Assessment of the potentials for renewable energy sources
- 6 Carbon capture and storage
- 7 Energy-chain analysis of hydrogen and its competing alternative fuels for transport
- 8 Hydrogen today
- 9 Fundamental properties of hydrogen
- 10 Hydrogen production
- 11 Hydrogen storage
- 12 Hydrogen distribution
- 13 Key role of fuel cells
- 14 Hydrogen-infrastructure build-up in Europe
- 15 Building a hydrogen infrastructure in the USA
- 16 Hydrogen and the electricity sector
- 17 Hydrogen corridors
- 18 Macroeconomic impacts of hydrogen
- 19 Sustainable transport visions: the role of hydrogen and fuel-cell vehicle technologies
- 20 Energy-efficient solutions needed – paving the way for hydrogen
- 21 The future of hydrogen – opportunities and challenges
- Further reading
- Index
- References
Summary
This chapter describes the option of energy conversion of carbon-containing fuels with the capture and storage of the associated CO2. The main capture technologies in the field of hydrogen production are compared with capture technologies for electricity generation. Following the process chain of carbon capture and storage (CCS), transport and storage options for CO2 are discussed. Further societal issues, such as legal and regulatory aspects, as well as public perception are examined.
Why carbon capture and storage?
The world energy supply is still strongly dependent on fossil fuels. According to the IEA (2006), in 2004 some 80% of the world total primary energy supply originated from fossil fuels. As described in Section 2.1.2, the use of fossil fuels and the associated greenhouse-gas emissions are the major source for human-induced climate change; nevertheless, there is a good probability that fossil fuels will also play an important role for energy supply in the coming decades. This holds true not only for the conventional applications, such as electricity, but possibly also for the generation of hydrogen. Reasons for the continued use of fossil fuels are, amongst others, the favourable economics and the physical properties, such as high energy density for use in the transport sector.
Increasing energy efficiency and energy production from renewable sources have the potential to reduce GHG emissions in the long term.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Hydrogen EconomyOpportunities and Challenges, pp. 168 - 198Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
, , et al. (2000). Geophysical methods for monitoring marine aquifer CO2 storage – Sleipner experiences. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5), ed. , , , and Sydney, Australia: CSIRO, pp. 366–371.Google Scholar
and (2000). Geological CO2 disposal: understanding the long term fate of CO2 in natural occurring accumulations. GHGT5, pp. 311–316.Google Scholar
, , et al. (2004). Ship based transport of CO2. Seventh International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Vancouver, Canada.Google Scholar
(2003). Forschungs- und Entwicklungskonzept für emissionsarme fossil befeuerte Kraftwerke. Bericht der COORETEC-Arbeitsgruppen. Berlin: BMWA.
(2007). Crossing the Divide? The Future of Clean Energy. Cambridge, MA: CERA.
, , , and (2000). The Utsira Sand, Central North Sea – an assessment of its potential for regional CO2 storage. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5), ed. , , , and Sydney, Australia: CSIRO, pp. 349–354.Google Scholar
(2004). CO2 Capture Project's Policies and Incentives Study. Presentation at the CO2 Capture Projects Phase 1 Results Workshop. Brussels, June 2nd 2003.
and (2003). Geological Storage of CO2 from Combustion of Fossil Fuels. Summary report, European Union Fifth Framework Programme for Research and Development, Project No. ENK6-CT-1999–00010.
(2005). Integrating Regional Aspects in Modelling of Electricity Generation – The Example of CO2 Capture and Storage. Dissertation No. 16119. ETH Zurich.
(2007). CRS Report for Congress. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipelines for Carbon Sequestration: Emerging Policy Issues. Prepared by Parfomak, P. W. and Folger, P., CRS Report RL33971. http://ncseonline.org.
CRUST Legal Task Force (2002). Legal Aspects of CO2-Underground Storage. Translation of the Dutch report Juridische Aspecten van Ondergrondse CO2-Bufferopslag, developed within the CO2 Re-use Through Underground Storage project. www.CO2reductie.nl.
, and (2000). Carbon dioxide recovered from fossil-energy cycles. GHGT5, pp. 567–571.
, , et al. (2001). Capacity investigation of brine-bearing sands of the Frio Formation for geologic sequestration of CO2. Proceedings of First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration, 14–17 May 2001, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
(2007). Sustainable Power Generation From Fossil Fuels: Aiming for Near-Zero Emissions from Coal after 2020. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, COM(2007), 843 final.
(2008a). Position of the European Parliament adopted at First Reading on 17 December 2008 with a View to the Adoption of Directive 2009/…/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide and Amending Council Directives 85/337/EC, 96/61/EC, Directives 2000/60/EC, 2001/80/EC, 2004/35/EC, 2006/12/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006.
(2008b). Position of the European Parliament Adopted at First Reading on 17 December 2008 with a View to the Adoption of Directive 2009/…/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to Improve and Extend the Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowance Trading System of the Community.
, , et al. (2003). GESTCO-DSS – A Decision Support System for Underground Carbon Dioxide Sequestration. Utrecht, Netherlands: TNO/Ecofys.Google Scholar
, , and (2003). Long term numerical simulation of geological storage of CO2 in the Petrel sub-basin, North West Australia. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-6), ed. and , 1–4 October 2002. Kyoto, Japan: Pergamon, pp. 507–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eurostat (2004). Length of Pipelines Operated – 2001. Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europaeu.
, , , and (2007a). CO2 Capture and Geological Storage as a Climate Policy Option. Technologies, Concepts, Perspectives. Wuppertal: Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Wuppertal Spezial 35e.Google Scholar
, , et al. (2007b). RECCS – Strukturell-ökonomisch-ökologischer Vergleich regenerativer Energietechnologien mit Carbon Capture and Storage. Final report of a research project on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy; DLR - Institut für Technische Thermodynamik; Zentrum für Sonnenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung and Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung.
and (2002). Transmission of CO2 – safety and economic considerations. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, October 1–4, 2002, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 517–522.Google Scholar
(2003). Uncertainties in Relation to CO2 Capture and Sequestration: Preliminary Results. Paris: IEA. www.iea.org/textbase/papers/2003/gielen.pdf.
, and (2003). The Economics of CO2 Storage. MIT-LFEE 2001–003RP. Cambridge, MA: Laboratory For Energy and Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).Google Scholar
, and (2004). Global Carbon Dioxide Storage Potential and Costs. Ecofys-Report EEP-02001 in co-operation with TNO-NITG. Utrecht, Netherlands.Google Scholar
, and (1995). Underground storage of CO2 in aquifers and oil reservoirs. Energy Conversion and Management, 36 (6–9), 535–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IEA-GHG (International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Research and Development Programme) (2004). Ship Transport of CO2. Report No. PH 4/30.
(2006). CO2 Capture & Storage: IEA Energy Technology Essentials. Paris: OECD/IEA.
(1997). Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs1.htm.
(2000). Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/english.
(2005). IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. , , , and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, ed. , , , and Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES).
. and (1996). Hydrogeological and numerical analysis of CO2 disposal in deep aquifers in the Alberta sedimentary basin. Energy Conversion and Management, 37 (6), 1167–1174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1997). Vertical convection in an aquifer column under a gas cap of CO2. Energy Conversion and Management, 38 (suppl.), 229–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2000). Prediction of CO2 distribution pattern improved by geology and reservoir simulation and verified by time lapse seismic. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5), ed. , , , and Sydney, Australia: CSIRO publ., pp. 372–377.Google Scholar
London Convention (1972). Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter. www.imo.org/home.asp/?topic_id=1488.
(1996). 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972. London: International Maritime Organisation.
and (2000). Multiphase CO2 flow, transport and sequestration in the Powder River basin, Wyoming, USA. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 69–70 (June), 65–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Transportation Systems for CO2 Application to Carbon Sequestration. Gothenburg: Department of Energy Conversion, Chalmers University of Technology. www.entek.chalmers.se/~klon/msc.Google Scholar
and (2004). Geological Carbon Sequestration: Critical Legal Issues. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research.
, , et al. (2005). Bewertung von Verfahren zur CO2-Abscheidung und -Deponierung. Report of the German Federal Environmental Agency (UBA) prepared by the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR). UBA Forschungsbericht 203 41 110. Dessau.Google Scholar
(2004). Untertage-Erdgasspeicherung in Deutschland – Underground Gas Storage in Germany. Erdöl, Erdgas Kohle, 120 (11), 368–378.Google Scholar
, and (2004). The Public Perceptions of Carbon Capture and Storage. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Working Paper 44. www.tyndall.ac.uk/publications/working_papers/working_papers.shtml#wp44.Google Scholar
(1993). CO2 transportation system. Energy Conversion and Management, 34, 1095–1103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2007). A Proposal of Regulatory Framework for Carbon Dioxide Storage in Geological Formations. Prepared for International Risk Governance Council Workshop, March 15–16, 2007. Washington, DC.www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/IRGC_CCS_BellonaStatoil07.pdf.Google Scholar
, , , and (2001). Coal bed sequestration of carbon dioxide. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration, 14–17 May 2001. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
, and (2000). McElmo Dome and St. Johns natural CO2 deposits: analogs for geologic sequestration. GHGT5, pp. 317–321.Google Scholar
UNFCCC (1992). United Nations Convention on Climate Change. http://unfccc.int/resource/convkp.html.
(1992). Investigation regarding the storage of carbon dioxide in aquifers in the Netherlands. Energy Conversion and Management, 33 (5–8), 611–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2000). Prediction of CO2 after injected in a saline aquifer: reservoir history matching of a 4D seismic image with a compositional gas/water model. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5), ed. , , , and Sydney, Australia: CSIRO, pp. 378–384.Google Scholar
, , et al. (2000). Prediction of migration of CO2 injected into an underground depository: reservoir geology and migration modelling in the Sleipner Case (North Sea). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5), ed. , , , and Sydney, Australia: CSIRO, pp. 360–365.Google Scholar
and (2007). Keeping the Light On: Fossil Fuels in the Century of Climate Change. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.Google Scholar
(2008). CO2 Capture and Storage – A Key Carbon Abatement Option. IEA Energy Technology Analysis Series. Paris: OECD/IEA.
(2005). IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. , , , and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 7
- Cited by