from Part III - Specific Conditions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 June 2021
Epilepsy is a disorder of recurrent unprovoked (or reflex) seizures; the key to diagnosing epilepsy is estimating the risk of recurrence. Epilepsy may be diagnosed if a patient has two or more seizures at least 24 hours apart, a first-time seizure with factors that increase the risk of recurrence, or an epilepsy syndrome. When determining the type of epilepsy, first identify the seizure type(s), then the corresponding epilepsy type. Consider if the epilepsy is potentially syndromic or nonsyndromic. Consider the underlying etiology (structural, genetic, infectious, immune, or metabolic). Focal epilepsies may be classified based on their region of onset, that is, frontal, temporal (mesial/lateral), parietal, occipital, or insular. Ictal and interictal EEG findings vary with the type of focal epilepsy.
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