Book contents
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Section 1 Prepregnancy Problems
- Section 2 Early Prenatal Problems
- Section 3 Late Prenatal – Fetal Problems
- Chapter 9 Prenatal Fetal Surveillance (Content last reviewed: 15th December 2018)
- Chapter 10 Fetal Growth Disorders (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 11 Disorders of Amniotic Fluid (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 12 Fetal Hemolytic Disease (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 13 Fetal Thrombocytopenia (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 14 Fetal Cardiac Arrhythmias (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 15 Fetal Cardiac Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 16 Fetal Craniospinal and Facial Abnormalities
- Chapter 17 Fetal Genitourinary Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 18 Fetal Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 19 Fetal Skeletal Abnormalities
- Chapter 20 Fetal Tumors (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 21 Fetal Hydrops (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 22 Fetal Death
- Section 4 Problems Associated with Infection
- Chapter 24 Hepatitis Virus Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 25 Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 26 Rubella, Measles, Mumps, Varicella, and Parvovirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 27 Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, and Human Papillomavirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 28 Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 15th June 2018)
- Chapter 29 Other Infectious Conditions in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Section 5 Late Pregnancy – Maternal Problems
- Section 6 Late Prenatal – Obstetric Problems
- Section 7 Postnatal Problems
- Section 8 Normal Values
- Index
- References
Chapter 19 - Fetal Skeletal Abnormalities
from Section 3 - Late Prenatal – Fetal Problems
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 November 2017
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Section 1 Prepregnancy Problems
- Section 2 Early Prenatal Problems
- Section 3 Late Prenatal – Fetal Problems
- Chapter 9 Prenatal Fetal Surveillance (Content last reviewed: 15th December 2018)
- Chapter 10 Fetal Growth Disorders (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 11 Disorders of Amniotic Fluid (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 12 Fetal Hemolytic Disease (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 13 Fetal Thrombocytopenia (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 14 Fetal Cardiac Arrhythmias (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 15 Fetal Cardiac Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 16 Fetal Craniospinal and Facial Abnormalities
- Chapter 17 Fetal Genitourinary Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 18 Fetal Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 19 Fetal Skeletal Abnormalities
- Chapter 20 Fetal Tumors (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 21 Fetal Hydrops (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 22 Fetal Death
- Section 4 Problems Associated with Infection
- Chapter 24 Hepatitis Virus Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 25 Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 26 Rubella, Measles, Mumps, Varicella, and Parvovirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 27 Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, and Human Papillomavirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 28 Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 15th June 2018)
- Chapter 29 Other Infectious Conditions in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Section 5 Late Pregnancy – Maternal Problems
- Section 6 Late Prenatal – Obstetric Problems
- Section 7 Postnatal Problems
- Section 8 Normal Values
- Index
- References
Summary
The sonographic detection of a fetus with skeletal abnormalities presents the clinician with challenging diagnostic dilemmas and management options, as there are around 400 known generalized skeletal dysplasias with an estimated prevalence of 2–7 in 10,000. Some can present with significant findings early in pregnancy, but some do not have obvious findings until the mid-trimester, when they may be detected on a routine fetal anomaly scan, and others present later. However, many do not present until later in postnatal life. In some instances, the lethality of the disorder is apparent and a discussion of pregnancy termination is appropriate, but the aim prenatally is to try and arrive at a definitive diagnosis in order to offer parents accurate information regarding prognosis. As this is frequently not possible, at a minimum we should aim to distinguish lethal from nonlethal, and provide some degree of differential diagnosis so that parents can make decisions regarding further pregnancy management. An aid to the prediction of lethality is the use of a femur length/abdominal circumference (FL/AC) ratio, which, if < 0.16, distinguishes lethal from nonlethal skeletal dysplasias.
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- High-Risk PregnancyManagement Options, pp. 471 - 499Publisher: Cambridge University PressFirst published in: 2017