Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction and overview
- 2 Basic observables
- 3 Some experimental techniques
- 4 The search for structure
- 5 Origins of high pT physics – the search for the W boson
- 6 Discovery of hard scattering in p-p collisions
- 7 Direct single lepton production and the discovery of charm
- 8 J/Ψ, ϒ and Drell–Yan pair production
- 9 Two particle correlations
- 10 Direct photon production
- 11 The search for jets
- 12 QCD in hard scattering
- 13 Heavy ion physics in the high pT era
- 14 RHIC and LHC
- Appendix A Probability and statistics
- Appendix B Methods of Monte Carlo calculations
- Appendix C TAB and the Glauber Monte Carlo calculation
- Appendix D Fits including systematic errors
- Appendix E The shape of the XE distribution triggered by a jet fragment, for example, π0
- Appendix F kT phenomenology and Gaussian smearing
- References
- Index
7 - Direct single lepton production and the discovery of charm
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction and overview
- 2 Basic observables
- 3 Some experimental techniques
- 4 The search for structure
- 5 Origins of high pT physics – the search for the W boson
- 6 Discovery of hard scattering in p-p collisions
- 7 Direct single lepton production and the discovery of charm
- 8 J/Ψ, ϒ and Drell–Yan pair production
- 9 Two particle correlations
- 10 Direct photon production
- 11 The search for jets
- 12 QCD in hard scattering
- 13 Heavy ion physics in the high pT era
- 14 RHIC and LHC
- Appendix A Probability and statistics
- Appendix B Methods of Monte Carlo calculations
- Appendix C TAB and the Glauber Monte Carlo calculation
- Appendix D Fits including systematic errors
- Appendix E The shape of the XE distribution triggered by a jet fragment, for example, π0
- Appendix F kT phenomenology and Gaussian smearing
- References
- Index
Summary
The CCRS experiment at the CERN-ISR
A very interesting thing happened in the second round of ISR experiments, two first round experiments decided to combine their detectors and join forces. The Saclay–Strasbourg experiment (R102) had proposed a second spectrometer arm (Arm 2) to study what was produced opposite in azimuth to balance the transverse momentum of the high pT hadrons [281]. Then, together with the CCR experiment (R103), it was proposed [282] to add the CCR lead glass counters (PbGl) behind the Arm 2 to enable improved detection of single electrons and gamma rays at high pT as well as to continue the search for e+e- pairs. This became R105, the CERN–Columbia–Rockefeller–Saclay experiment, CCRS (Figure 7.1). This detector turned out to be very powerful and was rewarded with one major discovery, one near-miss and several excellent measurements.
The key features of this detector were the following:
(i)≥105 charged hadron rejection from electron identification in the Cerenkov counter combined with matching the momentum and energy of an electron candidate in the magnetic spectrometer and the PbGl;
(ii) minimum of material in the aperture to avoid external conversions;
(iii) zero magnetic field on the axis to avoid de-correlating conversion pairs;
(iv) rejection of conversions in the vacuum pipe (and small opening angle internal conversions) by requiring single ionization in a hodoscope of scintillation counters H′ close to the vacuum pipe, preceded by a thin track chamber to avoid conversions in the H′ counters;
(v) precision measurement of π0 and η, the predominant background source;
(vi) precision background determination in the direct single e± signal channel by adding an external converter, to distinguish direct single e± from e± from photon conversion.
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- Chapter
- Information
- High-pT Physics in the Heavy Ion Era , pp. 111 - 125Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2013