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9 - Roots of Revenge

Cultural Flux and Specters of Violence, 1954–1965

from Part III - Cataclysms (1941–1963)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2023

Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet
Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

As Iran and the shah adjusted to life after the coup, the monarch tried to solidify his ties to the United States. This entailed military support from America and Iran’s renewed commitment to the US side in the Cold War. Iran created an internal security force, SAVAK, trained in part by America. The shah clamped down on Communist activities and confronted rising Islamic dissent with violence. At the same, the Shah pursued social programs and launched the White Revolution, which America supported. However, its platform, especially women’s suffrage and land reform, triggered widespread opposition. Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as the leader of Islamist dissent in 1963 and was eventually exiled. America and Iran had to brace themselves for the fallout of these events.

Keywords

SAVAKWhite RevolutionAyatollah Ruhollah KhomeiniBaghdad PactEducational LinkagesPahlavi Universityreligious protestsKennedy Administration
Type
Chapter
Information
Heroes to Hostages
America and Iran, 1800–1988
 , pp. 221 - 238
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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