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4 - Iran in Transition

War, Famine, and Recovery, 1914–1925

from Part II - Desultory Modernities (1914–1941)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2023

Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet
Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

War came to Iran despite its declared neutrality. Ottoman and Russian forces attacked or occupied the northern regions, while Britain expanded its control in the south. The young king, Ahmad Shah, was ill-equipped to rule as rival political leaders emerged. American missionaries documented the devastation of war as Iran suffered from famine and the influenza epidemic. The conclusion of World War I did not bring much support to Iran as its concerns were rebuffed at the Congress of Versailles. A coup brought political change and the end of Qajar rule. The military commander Reza Khan positioned himself as the new leader of Iran, even after the political defeat of the republican movement. Tribal disarmament and state control followed the end of war and the rise of a new monarchy. After the war America considered new opportunities for involvement in Iran.

Keywords

Ottoman invasionsectarianismUrumiyehfaminegendarmerieSouth Persia RiflesAnglo-Persian Treaty of 1919frontierscoup of 1921Reza KhanSayyed Zia al-Din Tabataba’iRobert Imbrie affairUS–Iran cultural relations
Type
Chapter
Information
Heroes to Hostages
America and Iran, 1800–1988
 , pp. 83 - 102
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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