Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-20T06:06:41.281Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

18 - Social Neuroendocrinology

from Part III - Deep Dives on Methods and Tools for Testing Your Question of Interest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2024

By
Wendy Berry Mendes
Edited by
Harry T. Reis ,
Tessa West  and
Charles M. Judd
Harry T. Reis
Affiliation:
University of Rochester, New York
Tessa West
Affiliation:
New York University
Charles M. Judd
Affiliation:
University of Colorado Boulder
Get access

Summary

This chapter reviews methods to integrate hormones into theory and research in social and personality psychology. The advantages of hormones include identifying possible mechanisms that link the social environment to better physical and mental health; disadvantages include difficult psychological inference and multiple sources of variability. Three biological systems are reviewed, including the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, and neuropeptides, and six hormones are examined in depth. Following this review is a summary of the psychological and affective states most commonly linked to these hormones. The chapter then explores best measurement practices, important covariates, and temporal factors, including basal states, diurnal fluctuations, and reactivity, followed by how to measure, analyze, and interpret hormone data. It concludes with topics from social and personality psychology that profitably leverage hormonal data to advance theoretical and empirical research, including intergroup interactions, power and status, values, and emotions and affect.

Keywords

hormonessocial psychology researchhypothalamic–pituitary axishypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axisneuropeptideshormone assaysallostatic loadcortisol awakening response
Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology , pp. 427 - 452
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adam, E. K., Quinn, M. E., Tavernier, R., McQuillan, M. T., Dahlke, K. A., and Gilbert, K. E. (2017). Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 83, 25–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akinola, M., and Mendes, W. B. (2008). The dark side of creativity: Biological vulnerability and negative emotions lead to greater artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1677–1686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akinola, M. and Mendes, W. B (2014). It’s good to be the king: Neurobiological benefits of higher social standing. Social and Personality Psychological Science, 5, 43–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, K. E., Wilson, L. M., Sharma, R., Dukhanin, V., McArthur, K., and Robinson, K. A. (2021). Hormone therapy, mental health, and quality of life among transgender people: A systematic review. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 5(4), 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartz, J. A. (2016). Oxytocin and the pharmacological dissection of affiliation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25(2), 104–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateup, H. S., Booth, A., Shirtcliff, E. A., and Granger, D. A. (2002). Testosterone, cortisol, and women’s competition. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23(3), 181–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blascovich, J. and Mendes, W. B. (2010). Social psychophysiology and embodiment. In Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., and Lindzey, G. (eds.) The Handbook of Social Psychology, 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Bos, P. A., Panksepp, J., Bluthé, R. M., and Van Honk, J. (2012). Acute effects of steroid hormones and neuropeptides on human social–emotional behavior: A review of single administration studies. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 33(1), 17–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brunnlieb, C., Nave, G., Camerer, C. F., Schosser, S., Vogt, B., Münte, T. F., and Heldmann, M. (2016). Vasopressin increases human risky cooperative behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(8), 2051–2056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burke, H. M., Davis, M. C., Otte, C., and Mohr, D. C. (2005). Depression and cortisol responses to psychological stress: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30(9), 846–856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burns, J. A., Beischel, W. J., and van Anders, S. M. (2022). Hormone therapy and trans sexuality: A review. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., and Berntson, G. G. (2017). Strong inference in psychophysiological science. In Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., and Berntson, G. G. (eds.), Handbook of Psychophysiology, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. T., and Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carré, J., Muir, C., Belanger, J., and Putnam, S. K. (2006). Pre-competition hormonal and psychological levels of elite hockey players: Relationship to the “home advantage.” Physiology & Behavior, 89(3), 392–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carré, J. M., Putnam, S. K., and McCormick, C. M. (2009). Testosterone responses to competition predict future aggressive behaviour at a cost to reward in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 561–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carré, J. M., and Robinson, B. A. (2020). Testosterone administration in human social neuroendocrinology: Past, present, and future. Hormones and Behavior, 122, 104754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chida, Y., and Steptoe, A. (2009). Cortisol awakening response and psychosocial factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biological Psychology, 80(3), 265–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, V. R., and Williams, D. R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist, 54(10), 805–816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coates, J. M., and Herbert, J. (2008). Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(16), 6167–6172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conlisk, J. (2011). Professor Zak’s empirical studies on trust and oxytocin. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 78(1–2), 160–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creswell, J. D., Welch, W. T., Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Gruenewald, T. L., and Mann, T. (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16(11), 846–851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Dreu, C. K., Baas, M., Roskes, M., Sligte, D. J., Ebstein, R. P., Chew, S. H., … Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2014). Oxytonergic circuitry sustains and enables creative cognition in humans. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(8), 1159–1165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dettenborn, L., Tietze, A., Kirschbaum, C., and Stalder, T. (2012). The assessment of cortisol in human hair: Associations with sociodemographic variables and potential confounders. Stress, 15(6), 578–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickerson, S. S., and Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 355–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberger, N. I., and Cole, S. W. (2012). Social neuroscience and health: Neurophysiological mechanisms linking social ties with physical health. Nature Neuroscience, 15(5), 669–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eysenck, H. J. (1991). Personality, stress, and disease: An interactionist perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 2(3), 221–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, H. A., Johannes, C. B., Araujo, A. B., Mohr, B. A., Longcope, C., and McKinlay, J. B. (2001). Low dehydroepiandrosterone and ischemic heart disease in middle-aged men: Prospective results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 153(1), 79–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flinn, M. V. (2006). Evolution and ontogeny of stress response to social challenges in the human child. Developmental Review, 26(2), 138–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredrickson, B. L., Grewen, K. M., Algoe, S. B., Firestine, A. M., Arevalo, J. M., Ma, J., and Cole, S. W. (2015). Psychological well-being and the human conserved transcriptional response to adversity. PLOS ONE, 10(3), e0121839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geronimus, A. T. (1992). The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: Evidence and speculations. Ethnicity & Disease, 2, 207–221.Google ScholarPubMed
Giammanco, S., and La Guardia, M. (1979). A research on the action of testosterone propionate and of ciproterone acetate on the mouse-killing behavior of the adult rat. Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie, 87, 949–953.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giammanco, M., Tabacchi, G., Giammanco, S., Di Majo, D., and La Guardia, M. (2005). Testosterone and aggressiveness. Medical Science Monitor, 11, 136–145.Google ScholarPubMed
Goetz, S. M., Tang, L., Thomason, M. E., Diamond, M. P., Hariri, A. R., and Carré, J. M. (2014). Testosterone rapidly increases neural reactivity to threat in healthy men: A novel two-step pharmacological challenge paradigm. Biological Psychiatry, 76(4), 324–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, H., Mendes, W. B., and Denny-Brown, C. (2008). An in-group advantage in detecting intergroup anxiety. Psychological Science, 19, 1233–1237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellhammer, D. H., Wüst, S., and Kudielka, B. M. (2009). Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(2), 163–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirano, R., Yokokawa, A., Furihata, T., and Shibasaki, H. (2021). Dried blood spots analysis of 6β‐hydroxycortisol and cortisol using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for calculating 6β‐hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 56(12), e4790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hjortskov, N., Garde, A. H., Ørbæk, P., and Hansen, Å. M. (2004). Evaluation of salivary cortisol as a biomarker of self‐reported mental stress in field studies. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 20(2), 91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoyt, L. T., Zeiders, K. H., Ehrlich, K. B., and Adam, E. K. (2016). Positive upshots of cortisol in everyday life. Emotion, 16(4), 431–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iovino, M., Messana, T., De Pergola, G., Iovino, E., Dicuonzo, F., Guastamacchia, E., … Triggiani, V. (2018). The role of neurohypophyseal hormones vasopressin and oxytocin in neuropsychiatric disorders. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders), 18(4), 341–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, E. G., Holsen, L. M., Lancaster, K., Makris, N., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Remington, A., … Goldstein, J. M. (2015). 17β-estradiol differentially regulates stress circuitry activity in healthy and depressed women. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(3), 566–576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanabar, R., Mazur, A., Plum, A., and Schmied, J. (2022). Correlates of testosterone change as men age. The Aging Male, 25(1), 29–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Rush, S. E., and Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78(6), 519–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., and Fehr, E. (2005). Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature, 435(7042), 673–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraus, M. W., and Mendes, W. B. (2014). Sartorial symbols: Cues of social class elicit congruent behavioral and physiological responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 2330–2340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunz-Ebrecht, S. R., Kirschbaum, C., Marmot, M., and Steptoe, A. (2004). Differences in cortisol awakening response on work days and weekends in women and men from the Whitehall II cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(4), 516–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leventhal, H., and Patrick-Miller, L. (2000). Emotions and physical illness: Causes and indicators of vulnerability. Lewis, M. and Haviland, J. M. (eds.) Handbook of Emotions, 2nd ed. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lindsay, E. K., Young, S., Smyth, J. M., Brown, K. W., and Creswell, J. D. (2018). Acceptance lowers stress reactivity: Dismantling mindfulness training in a randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 87, 63–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovallo, W. R., and Buchanan, T. W. (2017). Stress hormones in psychophysiological research: emotional, behavioral, and cognitive implications. In Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., and Berntson, G. G. (eds.) Handbook of Psychophysiology. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McEwen, B. S. (1998). Stress, adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840(1), 33–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Major, B., Mendes, W. B. and Dovidio, J. (2013). Intergroup relations and health disparities: A social psychological perspective. Health Psychology, 32, 514–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mauss, I. B., Bunge, S. A., and Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic emotion regulation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 146–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazur, A., and Booth, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(3), 353–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehta, P. H., Jones, A. C., and Josephs, R. A. (2008). The social endocrinology of dominance: Basal testosterone predicts cortisol changes and behavior following victory and defeat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(6), 1078–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehta, P. H., and Josephs, R. A. (2010). Testosterone and cortisol jointly regulate dominance: Evidence for a dual-hormone hypothesis. Hormones and Behavior, 58(5), 898–906.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendes, W. B. (2016). Emotion and the autonomic nervous system. In Barrett, L. F., Lewis, M., and Haviland-Jones, J. (eds.) Handbook of Emotions, 4th ed. Guilford Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
Mendes, W. B., Gray, H., Mendoza-Denton, R., Major, B., and Epel, E. (2007). Why egalitarianism might be good for your health: Physiological thriving during stressful intergroup encounters. Psychological Science, 18, 991–998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendes, W. B., and Koslov, K. (2013). Brittle smiles: Positive biases towards stigmatized and outgroup targets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 923–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendes, W. B., and Muscatell, K. A. (2018). Affective responses as mediators of the relationship between stigma and health. In Major, B., Dovidio, J., and Link, B. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, G., Chen, E., and Cole, S. W. (2009). Health psychology: Developing biologically plausible models linking the social world and physical health. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 501–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, S. L., and Maner, J. K. (2010). Scent of a woman: Men’s testosterone responses to olfactory ovulation cues. Psychological Science, 21(2), 276–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, Y., Walker, B. R., and Ikuta, T. (2016). Systematic review and meta-analysis reveals acutely elevated plasma cortisol following fasting but not less severe calorie restriction. Stress, 19(2), 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nave, G., Camerer, C., and McCullough, M. (2015). Does oxytocin increase trust in humans? A critical review of research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 772–789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parikh, T. P., Stolze, B., Ozarda, Y., Jonklaas, J., Welsh, K., Masika, L., … Soldin, S. J. (2018). Diurnal variation of steroid hormones and their reference intervals using mass spectrometric analysis. Endocrine Connections, 7(12), 1354–1361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, J., Woolley, J., and Mendes, W. B. (2022). The effects of intranasal oxytocin on Black participants’ responses to outgroup acceptance and rejection. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 916305–916305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pascoe, E. A., and Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 531–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peixoto, C., Grande, A. J., Mallmann, M. B., Nardi, A. E., Cardoso, A., and Veras, A. B. (2018). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-CNS & Neurological Disorders), 17(9), 706–711.Google ScholarPubMed
Prather, A. A. (2016). Neuroendocrine and neuroimmunological mechanisms of emotion. In Barrett, L. F., Lewis, M., and Haviland-Jones, J. (eds.), Handbook of Emotions, 4th ed. Guilford Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
Prather, A. A. (2023). Waking up to the importance of sleep: Opportunities for policy makers. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10(1), 25–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., and Hellhammer, D. H. (2003). Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28(7), 916–931.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rasmusson, A. M., Vasek, J., Lipschitz, D. S., Vojvoda, D., Mustone, M. E., Shi, Q., … Charney, D. S. (2004). An increased capacity for adrenal DHEA release is associated with decreased avoidance and negative mood symptoms in women with PTSD. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 1546–1557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ratner, K. G., Halim, M. L., and Amodio, D. M. (2013). Perceived stigmatization, ingroup pride, and immune and endocrine activity: Evidence from a community sample of Black and Latina women. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(1), 82–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigney, N., de Vries, G. J., Petrulis, A., and Young, L. J. (2022). Oxytocin, vasopressin, and social behavior: from neural circuits to clinical opportunities. Endocrinology, 163(9), bqac111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sapolsky, R. M. (2005). The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science, 308(5722), 648–652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savineau, J. P., Marthan, R., and de la Roque, E. D. (2013). Role of DHEA in cardiovascular diseases. Biochemical Pharmacology, 85(6), 718–726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schultheiss, O. C., Schiepe-Tiska, A., and Rawolle, M. (2012). Hormone assays. In Cooper, H., Camic, P. M., Long, D. L., Panter, A. T., Rindskopf, D., and Sher, K. J. (eds.) APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, vol. 1, Foundations, Planning, Measures, and Psychometrics. American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Shields, G. S., Sazma, M. A., and Yonelinas, A. P. (2016). The effects of acute stress on core executive functions: A meta-analysis and comparison with cortisol. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 68, 651–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stalder, T., Steudte-Schmiedgen, S., Alexander, N., Klucken, T., Vater, A., Wichmann, S., … Miller, R. (2017). Stress-related and basic determinants of hair cortisol in humans: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 77, 261–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanton, S. J. (2011). The essential implications of gender in human behavioral endocrinology studies. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 9–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stetler, C., and Miller, G. E. (2011). Depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation: A quantitative summary of four decades of research. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(2), 114–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stroud, C. B., Vrshek-Shallhorn, S., Norkett, E. M., and Doane, L. D. (2019). The cortisol awakening response (CAR) interacts with acute interpersonal stress to prospectively predict depressive symptoms among early adolescent girls. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 107, 9–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., and Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanman, E. J., Paul, B. Y., Ito, T. A., and Miller, N. (1997). The modern face of prejudice and structural features that moderate the effect of cooperation on affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(5), 941–959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vermeer, A. L., Krol, I., Gausterer, C., Wagner, B., Eisenegger, C., and Lamm, C. (2020). Exogenous testosterone increases status-seeking motivation in men with unstable low social status. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 113, 104552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolkowitz, O. M., Burke, H., Epel, E. S., and Reus, V. I. (2009). Glucocorticoids: Mood, memory, and mechanisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1179(1), 19–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolkowitz, O. M., Reus, V. I., Roberts, E., Manfredi, F., Chan, T., Raum, W. J., Otmiston, S., Johnson, R., Canick, J., Brizendine, L., and Weingartner, H. (1997). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment of depression. Biological Psychiatry, 41(3), 311–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, K. D., Ford, J. L., Perazzo, J., Jones, L. M., Mahari, S., Sullenbarger, B. A., and Laudenslager, M. L. (2018). Collecting hair samples for hair cortisol analysis in African Americans. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), 136, e57288.Google Scholar
Zak, P. J. (2012). The Moral Molecule: The Source of Love and Prosperity. E. P. DuttonGoogle Scholar
Zak, P. J., Stanton, A. A., and Ahmadi, S. (2007). Oxytocin increases generosity in humans. PLOS ONE, 2(11), e1128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×