Book contents
- Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology
- Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology
- Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Introduction
- 1 The Romance of Research Methods
- Part I Before You Dive In
- 2 Ethical Issues in Psychological Science
- 3 Replication in Social and Personality Psychology
- 4 Realizing the Promise of Diverse and Interdisciplinary Team Science
- 5 A Cross-Cultural Method in Social and Personality Psychology
- Part II Basic Design Considerations to Know, No Matter What Your Research Is About
- Part III Deep Dives on Methods and Tools for Testing Your Question of Interest
- Part IV Understanding What Your Data Are Telling You About Psychological Processes
- Index
- References
5 - A Cross-Cultural Method in Social and Personality Psychology
The Cultural Imagination
from Part I - Before You Dive In
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2024
Book contents
- Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology
- Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology
- Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Introduction
- 1 The Romance of Research Methods
- Part I Before You Dive In
- 2 Ethical Issues in Psychological Science
- 3 Replication in Social and Personality Psychology
- 4 Realizing the Promise of Diverse and Interdisciplinary Team Science
- 5 A Cross-Cultural Method in Social and Personality Psychology
- Part II Basic Design Considerations to Know, No Matter What Your Research Is About
- Part III Deep Dives on Methods and Tools for Testing Your Question of Interest
- Part IV Understanding What Your Data Are Telling You About Psychological Processes
- Index
- References
Summary
This chapter highlights the utility of cultural imagination, the ability to see human behaviors not just as the result of their dispositions or immediate situations but also as the result of larger cultural contexts. Our cultural imagination, as researchers, evolves as we are increasingly exposed to ideas from different parts of the world, either through collaboration with other researchers or interacting with individuals outside our immediate cultural context. While cross-cultural research has become simpler with the rise of the Internet, there still remain many challenges. This current chapter delineates concrete steps one can take to conduct an informative cross-cultural study, increasing the diversity of databases for generalizable theories of personality and social behaviors.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2024
References
Adams, R. B., Jr., Rule, N. O., Franklin, R. G. Jr., Wang, E., Stevenson, M. T., Yoshikawa, S., Nomura, M., Sato, W., Kveraga, K., and Ambady, N. (2009). Cross-cultural reading the mind in the eyes: An fMRI investigation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(1), 97–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, A. L., and Kwan, V. S. Y. (2009). Cultural sharing in a global village: Evidence for extracultural cognition in European Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(4), 742–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Althoff, T., Sosič, R., Hicks, J. King, L., Delp, A. C., S., and Leskovec, J. (2017). Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality. Nature, 547, 336–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., and Akert, R. M. (2010). Social psychology, 7th ed. Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Ashman, O., Shiomura, K., and Levy, B. R. (2006). Influence of culture and age on control beliefs: The missing link of interdependence. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 62(2), 143–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ateca-Amestoy, V., Aguilar, A. C., and Moro-Egido, A. (2014). Social interactions and life satisfaction: Evidence from Latin America. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 527–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagozzi, R. P., Wong, N., and Yi, Y. (1999). The role of culture and gender in the relationship between positive and negative affect. Cognition and Emotion, 13(6), 641–672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benet-Martínez, V., Leu, J., Lee, F., and Morris, M. W. (2002). Negotiating biculturalism: Cultural frame switching in biculturals with oppositional versus compatible cultural identities. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 33, 492–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas-Diener, R., and Diener, E. (2001). Making the best of a bad situation: Satisfaction in the slums of Calcutta. Social Indicators Research, 55, 329–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, M. B., and Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this “We”? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 83–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1986).The wording and translation of research instruments. In Lonner, W. J. and Berry, J. W. (eds) Field Methods in Cross-cultural Research, vol. 8, Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., and Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural Research Methods. Wiley.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 1–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, N., Mischel, W., and Schwartz, J. (1982). A prototype analysis of psychological situations. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 45–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlesworth, T. E. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2022). Word embeddings reveal social group attitudes and stereotypes in large language corpora. In Dehghani, M. & Boyd, R. (eds.), Handbook of language analysis in psychology (pp. 494–510). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., and Dzokoto, V. (2014). Listen to your heart: The cultural shaping of interoceptive awareness and accuracy. Emotion, 14, 666–678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheryan, S., and Monin, B. (2005). Where are you really from? Asian Americans and identity denial. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 717–730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiu, C., Gelfand, M. J., Yamagishi, T., Shteynberg, G., and Wan, C. (2010). Intersubjective culture: The role of intersubjective perceptions in cross-cultural research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 482–493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, J., Catapano, R., and Choi, I. (2017). Taking stock of happiness and meaning in everyday life: An experience sampling approach. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(6), 641–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, I., Dalal, R., Kim-Prieto, C., and Park, H. (2003). Culture and judgment of causal relevance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 46–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, D. (1996). Law, social policy, and violence: The impact of regional cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 961–978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D. (2003). The American national conversation about (everything but) shame. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 70 (4), 1075–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D., and Nisbett, R. E. (1997). Field experiments examining the culture of honor: The role of institutions in perpetuating norms about violence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1188–1199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., Bowdle, B. F., and Schwarz, N. (1996). Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: An experimental ethnography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 945–960.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costa, P. T., and McCrae, R. R. (1995). Domains and facets: Hierarchical personality assessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(1), 21–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross, S., Uskul, A. K., Gercek-Swing, B., Sunbay, Z., Ataca, B., and Karakitapoglu, Z. (2014). Cultural prototypes and dimensions of honor. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 232–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E., and Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 653–663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., and Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eagly, A. H., and Wood, W. (1999). The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. American Psychologist, 54(6), 408–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebert, T., Götz, F. M., Gladstone, J. J., Müller, S. R., and Matz, S. C. (2021). Spending reflects not only who we are but also who we are around: The joint effects of individual and geographic personality on consumption. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 121(2), 378–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fehr, E., and Gächter, S. (2002). Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature, 415, 137–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Festinger, L., and Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58(2), 203–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer, R. (2004). Standardization to account for cross-cultural response bias: A classification of score adjustment procedures and review of research in JCCP. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 35(3), 263–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, R. (2006). Congruence and functions of personal and cultural values: Do my values reflect my culture’s values? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(1), 1419–1431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gawronski, B. (2004). Theory-based bias correction in dispositional inference: The fundamental attribution error is dead, long live the correspondence bias. European Review of Social Psychology, 15,183–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C. et al. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study. Science, 332, 1100–1104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gladstone, J. J., Matz, S. C., and Lemaire, A. (2019). Can psychological traits be inferred from spending? Evidence from transaction data. Psychological Science, 30, 1087–1096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golder, S. A., and Macy, M. W. (2011). Diurnal and seasonal mood vary with work, sleep, and daylength across diverse cultures. Science, 333, 1878–1881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenfield, P. M. (2013). The changing psychology of culture from 1800 through 2000. Psychological Science, 24(9), 1722–1731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenfield, P. M., Maynard, A. E., and Childs, C. P. (2003). Historical change, cultural learning, and cognitive representation in Zinacantec Maya children. Cognitive Development, 18, 455–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Günsoy, C., Joo, M., Cross, S. E., Uskul, A. K., Gul, P., Wasti, S. A., Salter, P., Haugen, A., Erdas, D., and Yegin, A. (2020). The influence of honor threats on goal delay and goal derailment: A comparison of Turkey, southern U.S., and northern U.S. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 88, 103974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurven, M., von Rueden, C., Massenkoff, M., Kaplan, H., and Lero Vie, M. (2013). How universal is the Big Five? Testing the five-factor model of personality variation among forager–farmers in the Bolivian Amazon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(2), 354–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hahn, D. W., Lee, K., and Ashton, M. C. (1999). A factor analysis of the most frequently used Korean personality trait adjectives. European Journal of Personality, 13, 261–282.3.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamamura, T. (2012). Are cultures becoming individualistic? A cross-temporal comparison of individualism–collectivism in the United States and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 3–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hampton, R. S., and Varnum, M. E. W. (2018). Do cultures vary in self-enhancement? ERP, behavioral, and self-report evidence. Social Neuroscience, 13(5), 566–578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, S.-P., and Shavitt, S. (1994). Persuasion and culture: Advertising appeals in individualistic and collectivistic societies. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30(4), 326–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harkness, J. A, Pennell, B-E. , and Schoua-Glusberg, A. (2004). Survey questionnaire translation and assessment. In Presser, S., Rothgeb, J., Couper, M., Lessler, J., Martin, E., Martin, J., and Singer, E. (eds) Methods for Testing and Evaluating Survey Questionnaires. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
He, J., and van de Vijver, F. (2012). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural research. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(2), https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., Lehman, D. R., Takata, T., Ide, E., Leung, C., and Matsumoto, H. (2001). Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 599–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heine, S. J., and Lehman, D. R. (1997). Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 389–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Peng, K., and Greenholtz, J. (2002). What’s wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales? The reference-group effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 903–918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrmann, B., Thoni, C., and Gächter, S. (2008). Antisocial punishment across societies. Science, 319(5868), 1362–1367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hong, Y.-Y., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C.-Y., and Benet-Martínez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds: A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist, 55, 709–720.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoshino-Browne, E., Zanna, A. S., Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., Kitayama, S., and Lackenbauer, S. (2005). On the cultural guises of cognitive dissonance: The case of Easterners and Westerners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3), 294–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, J. C., Watts, J., Henry, T. R., List, J.-M., Forkel, R., Muncha, P. J., Greenhill, S. J., Gray, R. D., and Lindquist, K. A. (2019). Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure. Science, 366, 1517–1522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., Flake, J. K., Liuzza, M. T. … Coles, N. A. (2021). To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply? Nature Human Behavior, 5, 159–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kashima, E. S., and Kashima, Y. (1998). Culture and language: The case of cultural dimensions and personal pronoun use. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 29(3), 461–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashima, Y., and Triandis, H. C. (1986). The self-serving bias in attributions as a coping strategy: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 17(1), 83–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., and Laurin, K. (2008). God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 18–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, H., Borke, J., Chaudhary, N., Lamm, B., and Kleis, A. (2010). Continuity in parenting strategies: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 41(3), 391–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., Kärtner, J., Borke, J., Yovsi, R., and Kleis, A. (2005). Parenting styles and the development of the categorical self: A longitudinal study on mirror self-recognition in Cameroonian Nso and German families. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 496–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemmelmeier, M., and Cheng, B. Y.-M. (2004). Language and self-construal priming: A replication and extension in a Hong Kong sample. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 35(6), 705–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., and Kurokawa, M. (2000). Culture, emotion, and well-being: Good feelings in Japan and the United States. Cognition & Emotion, 14(1), 93–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, H., and Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1245–1267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraemer, M. U. G., Sadilek, A., Zhang, Q., and Brownstein, J. S. (2020). Mapping global variation in human mobility. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 800–810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraus, M. W., Callaghan, B., and Ondish, P. (2019). Social class as culture. In Cohen, D. and Kitayama, S. (eds) Handbook of Cultural Psychology. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kubota, S., Onishi, K., and Toyama, Y. (2021). Consumption responses to COVID-19 payments: Evidence from a natural experiment and bank account data. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 188, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krys, K., Vignoles, V., Uchida, Y., and de Almeida, I. (2022). Outside the “cultural binary”: Understanding why Latin American collectivist societies foster independent selves. Perspectives on Psychological Science. Advance online publication, https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211029632.Google Scholar
Lam, A. G., and Zane, N. W. S. (2004). Ethnic differences in coping with interpersonal stressors: A test of self-construals as cultural mediators. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 35(4), 446–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, K., and Ashton, M. C. (2018). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO-100. Assessment, 25, 543–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, K., and Morris, M. W. (2015). Values, schemas and norms in the culture–behavior nexus: A situated dynamics framework. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(9), 1028–1050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, R. V., and Norenzayan, A. (1999). The pace of life in 31 countries. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 30(2), 178–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, R. V., Norenzayan, A., and Philbrick, K. (2001). Cross-cultural differences in helping strangers. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 32(5), 543–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y. J., Johnson, K. A., Cohen, A. B., Williams, M. J., Knowles, E. D., and Chen, Z. (2012). Fundamental(ist) attribution error: Protestants are dispositionally focused. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 281–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Little, T. D. (1997). Mean and covariance structures (MACS) analyses of cross-cultural data: Practical and theoretical issues. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 53–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lomas, T. (2016). Towards a positive cross-cultural lexicography: Enriching our emotional landscape through 216 “untranslatable” words pertaining to well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 11, 546–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marian, V., and Kaushanskaya, M. (2004). Self-construal and emotion in bicultural bilinguals. Journal of Memory and Language, 51(2), 190–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markus, H. R., Kitayama, S., and Heiman, R. J. (1996). Culture and basic psychological principles. In Higgins, E. T. and Kruglanski, A. W. (eds) Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles. Guilford.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., Uchida, Y., Omoregie, H., Townsend, S. S. M., and Kitayama, S. (2006). Going for the gold: Models of agency in Japanese and American contexts. Psychological Science, 17(2), 103–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masuda, T., Gonzalez, R., Kwan, L., and Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Culture and aesthetic preference: Comparing the attention to context of East Asians and Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1260–1275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mesquita, B., and Karasawa, M. (2002). Different emotional lives. Cognition & Emotion, 16(1), 127–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. G. (1984). Culture and the development of everyday social explanation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 961–978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morling, B., Kitayama, S., and Miyamoto, Y. (2002). Cultural practices emphasize influence in the United States and adjustment in Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 311–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morling, B., and Lamoreaux, M. (2008). Measuring culture outside the head: A meta-analysis of individualism–collectivism in cultural products. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 199–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, M. W., and Peng, K. (1994). Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 949–971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., and Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291–310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norenzayan, A., and Heine, S. J. (2005). Psychological universals: What are they and how can we know? Psychological Bulletin, 131(5), 763–784.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oishi, S. (2006). The concept of life satisfaction across cultures: An IRT analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 411–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oishi, S., Diener, E., Choi, D. W., Kim-Prieto, C., and Choi, I. (2007). The dynamics of daily events and well-being across cultures: When less is more. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 685–698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oishi, S., Diener, E., Scollon, C. N., and Biswas-Diener, R. (2004). Cross-situational consistency of affective experiences across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 460–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oishi, S., Graham, J., Kesebir, S., and Galinha, I. (2013). Concepts of happiness across time and cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 559–577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogihara, Y., Fujita, H., Tominaga, H., Ishigaki, S., Kashimoto, T., Takahashi, A., Toyohara, K., and Uchida, Y. (2015). Are common names becoming less common? The rise in uniqueness and individualism in Japan. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1490, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oosternhof, N. N., and Todorov, A. (2008). The functional basis of face evaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(32), 11087–11092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyserman, D., and Lee, S. W. S. (2008). Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 311–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, B., Qu, Y., Chim, L., Blevins, E., Knutson, B., and Tsai, J. L. (2018). Ventral striatal activity mediates cultural differences in affiliative judgments of smiles. Culture and Brain, 6, 102–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeves, B., Ram, N., Robinson, T. N., Cummings, J. J., Giles, C. L. et al. (2019). Screenomics: A framework to capture and analyze personal life experiences and the ways that technology shapes them. Human–Computer Interaction, 36(2), 150–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, L., and Nisbett, R. E. (1991). The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social Psychology . Mcgraw-Hill Book Company.Google Scholar
Ross, L. D. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In Berkowitz, L. (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 10. Random House.Google Scholar
Sabini, J., Siepmann, M., and Stein, J. (2001). The really fundamental attribution error in social psychological research. Psychological Inquiry, 12(1), 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salvador, C. E., Kamikubo, A., Kraus, B., Hsiao, N.-C., Hu, J.-F., Karasawa, M., and Kitayama, S. (2021). Self-referential processing accounts for cultural variation in self-enhancement versus criticism: An electrocortical investigation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication, https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
San Martin, A., Sinaceur, M., Madi, A., Tompson, S., Maddux, W. W., and Kitayama, S. (2018). Self-assertive interdependence in Arab culture. Nature Human Behavior, 2(11), 830–837.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saucier, G., and Goldberg, L. R. (2001). Lexical studies of indigenous personality factors: Premises, products, and prospects. Journal of Personality, 69(6), 847–879.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., and Diener, E. (2002). Cultural influences on the relation between pleasant emotions and unpleasant emotions: Asian dialectic philosophies or individualism–collectivism? Cognition and Emotion, 16, 705–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schimmack, U., Radhakrishnan, P., Oishi, S., Dzokoto, V., and Ahadi, S. (2002). Culture, personality, and subjective well-being: Integrating process models of life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(4), 582–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephens, N. M., Markus, H. R., and Phillips, L. T. (2014). Social class culture cycles: How three gateway contexts shape selves and fuel inequality. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 611–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiyama, L. S. (2004). Is beauty in the context-sensitive adaptations of the beholder? Shiwiar use of waist-to-hip ratio in assessments of female mate value. Evolution and Human Behavior, 25(1), 51–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suh, E., Diener, E., Oishi, S., and Triandis, H. C. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 482–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, L., Axhausen, K. W., Lee, D.-H., and Huang, X. (2013). Understanding metropolitan patterns of daily encounters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(34), 13774–13779.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szarota, P. (1996). Taxonomy of the Polish personality-descriptive adjectives of the highest frequency of use. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 27, 342–351.Google Scholar
Talhelm, T., Zhang, X., and Oishi, S. (2018). Moving chairs in Starbucks: Observational studies find rice–wheat cultural differences in daily life in China. Science Advances, 4(4), eaap8469. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aap8469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Talhelm, T., Zhang, X., Oishi, S., Shimin, C., Duan, D., Lan, X., and Kitayama, S. (2014). Large-scale psychological differences within China explained by rice versus wheat agriculture. Science, 344, 603–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, S. E., and Fiske, S. T. (1975). Point of view and perceptions of causality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(3), 439–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, R., Yuki, M., Talhelm, T., … Visserman, M. L. (2018). Relational mobility predicts social behaviors in 39 countries and is tied to historical farming and threat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(29), 7521–7526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tracy, J. L., and Matsumoto, D. (2008). The spontaneous expression of pride and shame: Evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(33), 11655–11660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tracy, J. L., Shariff, A. F., Zhao, W., and Henrich, J. (2013). Cross-cultural evidence that the nonverbal expression of pride is an automatic status signal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(1), 163–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trafimow, D., Triandis, H. C., and Goto, S. G. (1991). Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(5), 649–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Triandis, H. C., Marín, G., Lisansky, J., and Betancourt, H. (1984). Simpatía as a cultural script of Hispanics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(6), 1363–1375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsai, J. L., Louie, J. Y., Chen, E. E., and Uchida, Y. (2007). Learning what feelings to desire: Socialization of ideal affect through children’s storybooks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(1), 17–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsai, J. L., Miao, F. F., and Seppala, E. (2007). Good feelings in Christianity and Buddhism: Religious differences in ideal affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(3), 409–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Twenge, J. M., Abebe, E. M., and Campbell, W. K. (2010). Fitting in or standing out: trends in American parents’ choices for children’s names, 1880–2007. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 19–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchida, Y., and Kitayama, S. (2009). Happiness and unhappiness in East and West: Themes and variations. Emotion, 9(4), 441–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uskul, A. K., Cross, S., Gercek-Swing, B., Sunbay, Z., and Ataca, B. (2012). Honor bound: The cultural construction of honor in Turkey and the northern US. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 43, 1131–1151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uskul, A. K., Hynie, M., and Lalonde, R. N. (2004). Interdependence as a mediator between culture and interpersonal closeness for Euro-Canadians and Turks. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 35(2), 174–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uskul, A. K., Kitayama, S., and Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Ecocultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(25), 8552–8556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uskul, A. K., Oyserman, D., Schwarz, N., Lee, S. W. S., and Xu, A. J. (2013). How successful you have been in life depends on the response scale used: The role of cultural mindsets in pragmatic inferences drawn from question format. Social Cognition, 31(2), 222–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van de Vijver, F. (1998). Towards a theory of bias and equivalence. In Harkness, J. A. (ed.) ZUMA-Nachrichten Spezial, vol. 3, Cross-cultural Survey Equivalence. Zuma.Google Scholar
van de Vijver, F., and Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: An overview. European Review of Applied Psychology/Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée, 54(2), 119–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varnum, M. E. W., and Kitayama, S. (2011). What’s in a name? Popular names are less common on frontiers. Psychological Science, 22(2), 176–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vazire, S., Schiavone, S. R., and Bottesini, J. G. (2022). Credibility beyond replicability: Improving the four validities in psychological science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 31(2), 162–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vignoles, V., Owe, E., Becker, M., Smith, P., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R., González, R., Didier, N., Carrasco, D., Cadena, M. P., Lay, S., Schwartz, S. J., Des Rosiers, S. E., Villamar, J. A., Gavreliuc, A., Zinkeng, M., Kreuzbauer, R., Baguma, P., Martin, M., … Bond, M. H. (2016). Beyond the “East–West” dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 966–1000.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wheeler, L., Reis, H. T., and Bond, M. H. (1989). Collectivism–individualism in everyday social life: The middle kingdom and the melting pot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 79–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, Wright, C. (1959). The sociological imagination. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yu, F., Peng, T., Peng, K., Tang, S., Chen, C. S., Qian, X., Sun, P., Han, T., and Chai, F. (2016). Cultural value shifting in pronoun use. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 47(2), 310–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Lai, M. H. C., and Palardy, G. J. (2022). A Bayesian region of measurement equivalence (ROME) approach for establishing measurement invariance. Psychological Methods. Advance online publication, https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000455.Google Scholar
Zou, X., Tam, K., Morris, W. M., Lee, L., Lau, I., and Chiu, C. Y. (2009). Culture as common sense: Perceived consensus vs. personal beliefs as mechanisms of cultural influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 579–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1979). Attribution of success and failure revisited, or: The motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory. Journal of Personality, 47(2), 245–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar