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21 - Renal disease

from Part III - Working with specific units

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

By
Janet Butler
Edited by
Geoffrey Lloyd  and
Elspeth Guthrie
Geoffrey Lloyd
Affiliation:
Priory Hospital, London
Elspeth Guthrie
Affiliation:
University of Manchester
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Summary

Overview of renal medicine

Renal services tend to be specialist settings serving patients from a wide geographical area. The age range of patients within a service covers the entire lifespan (Phipps & Turkington 2001) and once involved with renal services, many patients will remain under care for the rest of their lives. Although this chapter concentrates on adult patients with renal disease, much will also apply to paediatric settings. Other reviews provide information relating specifically to children (Cochat et al. 2000; Collier & Watson 1994; Davis 1999; Fischbach et al. 2005). Renal disease presents at all ages and includes acute presentations, with a sudden onset of renal failure, and more gradual presentations, with renal function deteriorating slowly over time. Some patients make a full recovery from their initial renal problem but many retain a lifelong condition. Medical management in the form of medication to achieve good blood pressure control and correct various biochemical abnormalities, specific dietary advice and general lifestyle interventions can slow disease progression, but patients with chronic renal failure usually progress to end-stage renal disease. At this stage, kidney function has deteriorated such that the glomerular filtration rate is below 10 ml/min (Renal Association 2002) and the patient requires renal replacement therapy to stay alive. Such therapy is provided by renal dialysis or transplantation. Some patients in renal services have primary renal diseases (e.g. inherited polycystic kidney disease), others have a multisystem disease (e.g. autoimmune conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus) or renal problems resulting from a pre-existing condition, most commonly diabetes or hypertension.

Keywords

depressionliaison psychiatry servicerenal diseaserenal replacement therapyrenal services
Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Liaison Psychiatry , pp. 506 - 526
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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