Gynaecological Ultrasound in Clinical Practice Ultrasound Imaging in the Management of Gynaecological Conditions
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- About the authors
- Abbreviations
- Preface
- 1 Ultrasound imaging in gynaecological practice
- 2 Normal pelvic anatomy
- 3 The uterus
- 4 Postmenopausal bleeding: presentation and investigation
- 5 HRT, contraceptives and other drugs affecting the endometrium
- 6 Diagnosis and management of adnexal masses
- 7 Ultrasound assessment of women with pelvic pain
- 8 Ultrasound of non-gynaecological pelvic lesions
- 9 Ultrasound imaging in reproductive medicine
- 10 Ultrasound imaging of the lower urinary tract and uterovaginal prolapse
- 11 Ultrasound and diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter injuries
- 12 Organisation of the early pregnancy unit
- 13 Sonoembryology: ultrasound examination of early pregnancy
- 14 Diagnosis and management of miscarriage
- 15 Tubal ectopic pregnancy
- 16 Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies
- 17 Ovarian cysts in pregnancy
- Index
5 - HRT, contraceptives and other drugs affecting the endometrium
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2014
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- About the authors
- Abbreviations
- Preface
- 1 Ultrasound imaging in gynaecological practice
- 2 Normal pelvic anatomy
- 3 The uterus
- 4 Postmenopausal bleeding: presentation and investigation
- 5 HRT, contraceptives and other drugs affecting the endometrium
- 6 Diagnosis and management of adnexal masses
- 7 Ultrasound assessment of women with pelvic pain
- 8 Ultrasound of non-gynaecological pelvic lesions
- 9 Ultrasound imaging in reproductive medicine
- 10 Ultrasound imaging of the lower urinary tract and uterovaginal prolapse
- 11 Ultrasound and diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter injuries
- 12 Organisation of the early pregnancy unit
- 13 Sonoembryology: ultrasound examination of early pregnancy
- 14 Diagnosis and management of miscarriage
- 15 Tubal ectopic pregnancy
- 16 Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies
- 17 Ovarian cysts in pregnancy
- Index
Summary
The endometrium undergoes cellular and structural changes that are essential for its function. These changes are cyclical and controlled by the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries. Drugs with estrogenic or progestogenic modes of action also lead to alterations in the ultrasonographic appearances of the endometrium. This chapter helps the sonographer to interpret the appearances of the endometrium in women. The Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM) has advised that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is beneficial for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Although unscheduled bleeding on HRT requires investigation, the underlying malignancy risk is low. In postmenopausal bleeding, there is a cut off of 4 mm for double-layer endometrial thickness on Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) but for women on HRT there is no agreed cut-off point. Hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) have multiple effects leading to their contraceptive action.
Keywords
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- Chapter
- Information
- Gynaecological Ultrasound in Clinical PracticeUltrasound Imaging in the Management of Gynaecological Conditions, pp. 43 - 54Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009