Book contents
- The Grammar of Hate
- The Grammar of Hate
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- 1 Animacy and Countability of Slurs
- 2 Language Aggression in English Slang: The Case of the -o Suffix
- 3 Adj+ie/y Nominalizations in Contemporary English
- 4 Grammatical Gender and Offensiveness in Modern Greek Slang Vocabulary
- 5 Unseen Gender
- 6 The Neutering Neuter
- 7 Neutering Unpopular Politicians
- 8 The Power of a Pronoun
- 9 Is Play on Words Fair Play or Dirty Play?
- 10 Expressive German Adjective and Noun Compounds in Aggressive Discourse
- 11 ‘Kill the Invaders’
- 12 ‘I am no racist but …’
- 13 Homophobic Space–Times
- Index
- References
4 - Grammatical Gender and Offensiveness in Modern Greek Slang Vocabulary
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 June 2022
Book contents
- The Grammar of Hate
- The Grammar of Hate
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- 1 Animacy and Countability of Slurs
- 2 Language Aggression in English Slang: The Case of the -o Suffix
- 3 Adj+ie/y Nominalizations in Contemporary English
- 4 Grammatical Gender and Offensiveness in Modern Greek Slang Vocabulary
- 5 Unseen Gender
- 6 The Neutering Neuter
- 7 Neutering Unpopular Politicians
- 8 The Power of a Pronoun
- 9 Is Play on Words Fair Play or Dirty Play?
- 10 Expressive German Adjective and Noun Compounds in Aggressive Discourse
- 11 ‘Kill the Invaders’
- 12 ‘I am no racist but …’
- 13 Homophobic Space–Times
- Index
- References
Summary
The derogatory meaning of slang words in Modern Greek can be reduced or increased with the use of diminutive or augmentative affixes respectively. The use of evaluative affixes often brings about a change in the grammatical gender of the derived word. A change of gender with or without the use of evaluative suffixes shows, among other things, the speaker’s attitude towards the referent. In general, diminutive words and derived words that keep the gender of the base are used with a less derogatory meaning than the word-base. On the other hand, derivative words that do not maintain the base gender are used with a more insulting/pejorative meaning than the word-base.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Grammar of HateMorphosyntactic Features of Hateful, Aggressive, and Dehumanizing Discourse, pp. 82 - 96Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022
References
Alexopoulos, E. (1994). The use of diminutives and augmentatives in modern Greek. In Philippaki-Warburton, I., Nicolaidis, K. and Sifianou, M. (Eds.), Themes in Greek Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 283–288.Google Scholar
Anastasiadi-Simeonidi, A. and Chila-Markopoulou, D. (2003). Sinxronikes kai diaxronikes tasis sto jenos tis Ellinikis: Mia theoritiki prosegisi. In Anastasiadi-Simeonidi, A., Ralli, A. and Chila-Markopoulou, D. (Eds.), Jenos. Athens: Patakis, pp. 13–56.Google Scholar
Anastasiadi-Simeonidi, A. and Simeonidis, H. (2007). To morfima -o tou onomatikou sistimatos tis Neas Ellinikis. Paper presented at the 7th International conference on Greek Linguistics, University of York (U.K.), September 8–10.Google Scholar
Barbaresi, M. L. (2015). Evaluative morphology and pragmatics. In Grandi, N. and Körtvélyessy, L. (Eds.), Edinburgh Handbook of Evaluative Morphology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 32–42.Google Scholar
Beers-Fägersten, K. (2007). Swear word offensiveness. Saarland Working Papers in Linguistics (SWPL) 1:14–37.Google Scholar
Calvo, M.-R. (2019). Evaluative morphology: Conditions and properties of evaluative forms obtained by affixation. In Dreijers, G., Dubova, A. and Veckrācis, J. (Eds.), Bridging Languages and Cultures: Linguistics, Translation Studies and Intercultural Communication. Berlin: Frank and Timme, pp. 133–151.Google Scholar
Christopoulou, K. (2010). To asemno leksilojio tis Neas Ellinikis: mia meleti ton morfolojikon, simasiolojikon kai pragmatolojikon xaraktiristikon tu. Unpublished Master’s Thesis: University of Patras.Google Scholar
Christopoulou, K. (2016). Mia leksikologiki prosegisi sto perithoriako leksilogio tis Neas Ellinikis. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis: University of Patras.Google Scholar
Christopoulou, K. and Χydopoulos, G. J. (2014). Metaphor and metonymy in Modern Greek slang vocabulary. In Kotzoglou, G., Nikolou, K., Karantzola, E., Frantzi, K., Galantomos, I., Georgalidou, M., Kourti-Kazoullis, V., Papadopoulou, Ch and Vlachou, E. (Eds.), Selected Papers of the 11th International Conference on Greek Linguistics. Rhodes: University of the Aegean, pp. 248–260.Google Scholar
Culpeper, J. (1996). Towards an anatomy of impoliteness. Journal of Pragmatics 25(3): 349–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Culpeper, J. (2019). Taboo language and impoliteness. In Allan, K. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Taboo Words and Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 28–40.Google Scholar
Daltas, P. (1985). Some patterns of variability in the use of diminutive and augmentative suffixes in spoken Modern Greek Koine (MGK). Glossologia 4: 63–88.Google Scholar
Efthymiou, A. (2015). Modern Greek diminutive and augmentative adjectives (in a cross-linguistic perspective). Skase Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 21(1): 57–71.Google Scholar
Grandi, N. and Körtvélyessy, L. (2015). Edinburgh Handbook of Evaluative Morphology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, M. (1978). The expression of diminutives. In Dil, A. S. (Ed.), Language, Culture and History: Essays by Mary Haas. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 82–87.Google Scholar
Janschewitz, K. (2008). Taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neuter word norms. Behavior Research Methods, 40(4): 1065–1074.Google Scholar
Jay, T. (1992). Cursing in America: A Psycholinguistic Study of Dirty Language in the Courts, the Movies, in the Schoolyards, and on the Streets. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Jay, T. and Janschewitz, K. (2008). The pragmatics of swearing. Journal of Politeness Research 4: 267–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jurafski, D. (1996). Universal tendencies in the semantics of the diminutive, Language 72(3): 533–78.Google Scholar
Körtvélyessy, L. (2015). Evaluative morphology and language universals. In Grandi, N. and Körtvélyessy, L. (Eds.), Edinburgh Handbook of Evaluative Morphology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 61–73.Google Scholar
Mackridge, P. (1985). The Modern Greek Language: A Descriptive Analysis of Standard Modern Greek. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Makri-Tsilipakou, M. (2001). Congratulations and bravo! In Bayraktaroğlu, A. and Sifianou, M. (Eds.), Linguistic Politeness across Boundaries: The Case of Greek and Turkish. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, pp. 137–178.Google Scholar
Makri-Tsilipakou, M. (2003). Greek diminutive use problematized: Gender, culture and common sense. Discourse and Society 14(6): 699–726.Google Scholar
Mills, S. (2003). Gender and Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavlidou, T. (ed.) (2006). Glossa-Jenos-Filo. Institouto Neoellinikon Spoudon: Idrima Manoli Triantafilidi.Google Scholar
Pavlidou, T., Alvanoudi, Α and Karafoti, Ε (2004). Grammatiko genos kai simasiako periexomeno: Prokatarktikes paratirisis gia ti leksikologiki anaparastasi ton filon. Studies in Greek Language 24: 543–53.Google Scholar
Ralli, A. (2002). The role of morphology in gender determination: Evidence from Modern Greek. Linguistics 40(3): 519–551.Google Scholar
Ralli, A. (2003). O kathorismos tou grammatikou jenous sta ousiastika tis Neas Ellinikis. In Anastasiadi-Simeonidi, A., Ralli, A. and Chila-Markopoulou, D. (Eds.), Genos. Athens: Patakis, pp. 57–99.Google Scholar
Setatos, Μ. (1998). Grammatiko kai fisiko jenos stin Koini Neoelliniki. Yearbook of the Faculty of Philosophy of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 7: 115–136.Google Scholar
Sifianou, M. (1992). The use of diminutives in expressing politeness: Modern Greek versus English. Journal of Pragmatics 17: 155–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Štekauer, P. (2015). Word formation processes in evaluative morphology. In Grandi, N. and Körtvélyessy, L (Eds.), Edinburgh Handbook of Evaluative Morphology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp.43–60.Google Scholar
Stump, G. (1993). How peculiar is evaluative morphology? Journal of Linguistics 29: 1–36.Google Scholar
Triantafilidi, Idrima Manoli (1998). Leksiko tis Koinis Neoellinikis. Thessaloniki: Institouto Neoellinikon Spoudon.Google Scholar
Xydopoulos, G. J. (2009). Psilo-: Εxploring the case of a ‘diminutive’ in Modern Greek. In Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, ed. Tsangalidis, Anastasios, 397–405. Thessaloniki: Monochromia.Google Scholar
Χydopoulos, G. J. and Christopoulou, K.. (2011). The morphological processes of diminution and augmentation in modern Greek slang. Paper presented at the 10ο international conference on Greek linguistics, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, September 1–4.Google Scholar
Xydopoulos, G. J. and Christopoulou, K.. (2021). Metrisi tis prosvlitikotitas se leksis tu perithoriakou leksilojiu tis neas elinikis: Ektimontas ta prota apotelesmata [Measuring offensiveness in MG slang: A preliminary evaluation]. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Greek Linguistics (ICGL 14), 936–946. Patras: University of Patras.Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by