Book contents
- The Globalization of Theatre 1870–1930
- Cambridge Studies in Modern Theatre
- The Globalization of Theatre 1870–1930
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Acknowledgements
- Notes on Currency
- Introduction
- 1 Family Networks
- 2 Mobile Enterprises
- 3 The Micropolitics of Locality
- 4 Repertoire and Publics
- 5 Transported Actors
- 6 Contested Contracts
- 7 Infrastructure: From Theatre to Cinema
- 8 Legacies
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 October 2019
Book contents
- The Globalization of Theatre 1870–1930
- Cambridge Studies in Modern Theatre
- The Globalization of Theatre 1870–1930
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Acknowledgements
- Notes on Currency
- Introduction
- 1 Family Networks
- 2 Mobile Enterprises
- 3 The Micropolitics of Locality
- 4 Repertoire and Publics
- 5 Transported Actors
- 6 Contested Contracts
- 7 Infrastructure: From Theatre to Cinema
- 8 Legacies
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Globalization of Theatre 1870–1930The Theatrical Networks of Maurice E. Bandmann, pp. 258 - 268Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
Primary Sources
Abu-Lughod, Janet L. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown, 2012.Google Scholar
Anae, Nicole. ‘“The Majestic Hebrew Racial Ideal”: Herr Daniel E. Bandmann’s Shylock on the Australian Stage, 1880–1883’. Shakespeare Jahrbuch (2014): 128–45.Google Scholar
Anderson, G. M. Tivoli King: Life of Harry Rickards, Vaudeville Showman. Kensington, NSW: Allambie, 2009.Google Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Assmann, Jan. ‘Communicative and Cultural Memory’. Cultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary Handbook. Eds. Erll, Astrid and Nünning, Ansgar. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2008, pp. 109–18.Google Scholar
Badawi, Muhammed. Modern Arabic Drama in Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Balme, Christopher. The Theatrical Public Sphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Balme, Christopher. ‘The Bandmann Circuit: Theatrical Networks in the First Age of Globalization’. Theatre Research International 40 (2015): 19–36.Google Scholar
Balme, Christopher. ‘Managing Theatre and Cinema in Colonial India: Maurice E. Bandmann, J.F. Madan and the War Films’ Controversy’. Popular Entertainment Studies 6(2) (2015): 6–21.Google Scholar
Balme, Christopher. ‘Repertoire and Genre’. A Cultural History of Theatre in the Age of Empire. Ed. Marx, Peter W.. London: Bloomsbury, 2017, pp. 181–201.Google Scholar
Balme, Henry. ‘Between Modernism and Japonism: The Mousmé and the Cultural Mobility of Musical Comedy’. Popular Entertainment Studies 7(1–2) (2016): 6–20.Google Scholar
Bandmann, Daniel E. An Actor’s Tour; or, Seventy Thousand Miles with Shakespeare. Boston, MA: Cupples, Upham and Co., 1885.Google Scholar
Barraclough, Geoffrey, ed. Times Atlas of World History. 3rd ed. London: HarperCollins, 1989.Google Scholar
Becker, Tobias. ‘Entertaining the Empire: Theatrical Touring Companies and Amateur Dramatics in Colonial India’. The Historical Journal 57 (2014): 699–725.Google Scholar
Benton, Lauren. ‘Law and Empire in Global Perspective: Introduction’. American Historical Review 117 (2012): 1092–1100.Google Scholar
Bhaumik, Kaushik. ‘Cinematograph to Cinema: Bombay 1896–1928’. BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 2(1) (2011): 41–67.Google Scholar
Birla, Ritu. Law, Culture, and Market Governance in Late Colonial India. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Bratton, Jacky. New Readings in Theatre History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Bratton, Jacky. The Making of the West End Stage: Marriage, Management and the Mapping of Gender in London, 1830–1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brett, Henry, Sir and Tilly, T. C.. Brett’s New Zealand and South Pacific Pilot. Auckland: Henry Brett, 1881.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. Brokerage and Closure: An Introduction to Social Capital. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabranes-Grant, Leo. From Scenarios to Networks: Performing the Intercultural in Colonial Mexico. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Chandler, Alfred D. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Choudhury, Ranabir Ray (ed.). Early Calcutta Advertisements, 1875–1925: A Selection from The Statesman. Calcutta: Nachiketa Publications, 1992.Google Scholar
Cochrane, Claire. Twentieth-Century British Theatre: Industry, Art and Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Cohen, Matthew Isaac. The Komedie Stamboel: Popular Theater in Colonial Indonesia, 1891–1903. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press and KITLV Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Cohen, Matthew Isaac. Performing Otherness: Java and Bali on International Stages, 1905–1952. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.Google Scholar
Cohen, Matthew Isaac and Noszlopy, Laura. ‘Introduction’. Contemporary Southeast Asian Performance: Transnational Perspectives. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010, 7.Google Scholar
Constantine, Stephen. Community and Identity: The Making of Modern Gibraltar since 1704. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Danahay, Martin A. and Chisholm, Alex. Jekyll and Hyde Dramatized. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005.Google Scholar
Darwin, John. Unfinished Empire: The Global Expansion of Britain. London: Penguin Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Das Gupta, Hemendra Nath. The Indian Stage. Vol. 4. Calcutta: Metropolitan Printing & Publishing House, 1944.Google Scholar
Davis, Tracy C. Actresses as Working Women: Their Social Identity in Victorian Culture. London: Routledge, 1991.Google Scholar
Davis, Tracy C. The Economics of the British Stage, 1800–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Davis, Tracy C. ‘Female Managers, Lessees and Proprietors of the British Stage (to 1914), a Database Collected and Introduced by Tracy C Davis’. Nineteenth Century Theatre 28(2) (2000): 115–44.Google Scholar
Davis, Tracy C. The Broadview Anthology of Nineteenth-Century British Performance. Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Félix. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Trans. Hurley, R., Seem, M. and Lane, H. R.. London: Athlone Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Félix. A Thousand Plateaus. Trans. Massumi, Brian. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Den Otter, Sandra. ‘Law, Authority, and Colonial Rule’. India and the British Empire. Eds. Peers, Douglas M. and Gooptu, Nandini. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul. ‘Cultural Boundaries and Structural Change: The Extension of the High Culture Model to Theater, Opera, and the Dance, 1900–1940’. Cultivating Differences: Symbolic Boundaries and the Making of Inequality. Eds. Lamont, Michèle and Fournier, Marcel. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992, 21–67.Google Scholar
The Directory & Chronicle for China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, and etc. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Daily Press Office, 1910, 1920.Google Scholar
Dossal, Miriam. Theatre of Conflict, City of Hope. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Dwivedi, Sharada and Rahul, Mehrotra. Bombay: The Cities Within. Bombay: India Book House, 1995.Google Scholar
Emirbayer, Mustafa and Goodwin, Jeff. ‘Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency’. American Journal of Sociology 99(6) (1994): 1411–54.Google Scholar
Ewick, Patricia and Silbey, Susan S.. The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life, Language and Legal Discourse. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall. The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West. New York: Penguin Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall. The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power, from the Freemasons to Facebook. New York: Penguin, 2018.Google Scholar
Fisher, Jennifer. ‘The Swan Brand: Reframing the Legacy of Anna Pavlova’. Dance Research Journal 44(1) (2012): 51–67.Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton C. ‘A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness’. Sociometry 40 (1977): 35–41Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton C. ‘Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification’. Social Networks 1 (1978/79): 215–39.Google Scholar
Frost, Mark Ravinder. ‘Maritime Networks and the Colonial Public Sphere, 1840–1920’. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 6(2) (2004): 63–94.Google Scholar
Frost, Mark Ravinder and Balasingamchow, Yu-Mei. Singapore: A Biography. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2009.Google Scholar
Geyer, Michael and Bright, Charles. ‘World History in a Global Age’. American Historical Review 100 (1995): 1034–60.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. ‘The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited’. Sociological Theory 1 (1983): 201–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenblatt, Stephen. Cultural Mobility: A Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Gupta, Somanatha. The Parsi Theatre: Its Origins and Development. Trans. Hansen, Kathryn. Calcutta: Seagull Books, 2005.Google Scholar
Hammond, Mary. ‘Hall Caine and the Melodrama on Page, Stage and Screen’. Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film 31 (2004): 39–57.Google Scholar
Hansard. (30 July 1925). Vol. 187, cc671 for a list of average earnings in 1920 and 1925.Google Scholar
Hansen, Kathryn. ‘Stri Bhumika: Female Impersonators and Actresses on the Parsi Stage’. Economic and Political Weekly 33 (1998): 2291–300.Google Scholar
Hansen, Kathryn. ‘Parsi Theatre and the City: Locations, Patrons, Audiences’. Sarai Reader 2002: The Cities of Everyday Life. New Delhi: Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, 2002.Google Scholar
Haynes, Douglas E. Rhetoric and Ritual in Colonial India: The Shaping of a Public Culture in Surat City, 1852–1928. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Hinckley, F. E. ‘Extraterritoriality in China’. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Vol. 39, China: Social and Economic Conditions (1912), pp. 97–108.Google Scholar
Holloway, David. Playing the Empire: The Acts of the Holloway Touring Theatre Company. London: Harrap, 1979.Google Scholar
Howard, Tony. Women as Hamlet: Performance and Interpretation in Theatre, Film and Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Kelly, Veronica. The Empire Actors: Stars of Australasian Costume Drama 1890s–1920s. Sydney: Currency House, 2010.Google Scholar
Kendal, Geoffrey. The Shakespeare Wallah: The Autobiography of Geoffrey Kendal with Clare Colvin. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1986.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. ‘On Recalling ANT’. Actor-Network Theory and After. Eds. Law, John and Hassard, J. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999, 15–26.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Law, John. ‘Actor Network Theory and Material Semiotics’. The New Blackwell Companion to Social Theory. Ed. Turner, Bryan S.. Oxford: Blackwell, 2009, 141–58.Google Scholar
Leavitt, M. B. Fifty Years in Theatrical Management. New York: Broadway Publishing Co., 1912.Google Scholar
Lei, Daphne P. Operatic China: Staging Chinese Identity across the Pacific. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.Google Scholar
Leonhardt, Nic. ‘“From the Land of the White Elephant through the Gay Cities of Europe and America”: Re-routing the World Tour of the Boosra Mahin Siamese Theatre Troupe (1900).’ Theatre Research International 40(2) (2015): 140–55.Google Scholar
Liu, Siyuan. Performing Hybridity in Colonial-Modern China, Palgrave Studies in Theatre and Performance History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.Google Scholar
Macpherson, Ben. Cultural Identity in British Musical Theatre, 1890–1939: Knowing One’s Place. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.Google Scholar
Masahiko, Masumoto. Yokohama Geite-za, 2nd ed. Yokohama: Iwasaki Hakubustukan Gēteza Kinen Shuppankyoku, 1986.Google Scholar
Mayer, David and Preston, Katherine K.. Playing Out the Empire: Ben-Hur and Other Toga Plays and Films, 1883–1908: A Critical Anthology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
McClellan, Michael E. ‘Performing Empire: Opera in Colonial Hanoi’. Journal of Musicological Research 22 (2003): 135–66.Google Scholar
McKeown, Adam. ‘Global Migration, 1846–1940’. Journal of World History 15 (2004): 155–89.Google Scholar
Newey, Katherine. ‘Feminist Historiography and Ethics: A Case Study from Victorian Britain’. Theatre History and Historiography: Ethics, Evidence and Truth. Ed. Cochrane, Claire and Robinson, Jo. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2016, 85–102.Google Scholar
Nightbirds: A Musical Comedy in Three Acts. Libretto by Gladys Unger, lyrics by Arthur Anderson. Composed by Johann Strauss. London: Cranz & Co, n.d.Google Scholar
Nijhar, Preeti. Law and Imperialism: Criminality and Constitution in Colonial India and Victorian England. Vol. 10, Empires in Perspective. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2009.Google Scholar
Ocean Highways: Illustrated Souvenir of Elder, Dempster & Co. Liverpool: Shipping Gazette and Lloyd’s List, 1902.Google Scholar
Osanai Kaoru, Osanai. ‘Bandoman no tsuioku to inshô’. Engekironshû 4 (1914): 407–11. Translation by Stanca Scholz-Cionca.Google Scholar
O’Shea, Janet. At Home in the World: Bharata Natyam on the Global Stage. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
‘Peggy’: New Musical Play in Two Acts. Book by George Grossmith Jr. (founded on Xanroff and Guerin’s ‘L’Amorcage’). Lyrics by C. H. Bovill. Music by Leslie Stuart. Vocal Score. London: Chappell & Co., 1911.Google Scholar
Pemberton, Edgar T. The Birmingham Theatres: A Local Retrospect. Birmingham: Cornish Brothers, 1890.Google Scholar
Phillips, Levi Damon. ‘Uses of the Term “Manager” in 19th Century U.S. Theatre’. Theatre Survey 20(2) (1979): 62–3.Google Scholar
Platt, Len. Musical Comedy on the West End Stage, 1890–1939. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.Google Scholar
Postlewait, Thomas. ‘George Edwardes and Musical Comedy: The Transformation of London Theatre and Society, 1878–1914’. The Performing Century: Nineteenth-Century Theatre’s History. Eds. Davis, Tracy C. and Holland, Peter. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, 80–102.Google Scholar
Pratt, Mary Louise. ‘Arts of the Contact Zone’. Profession 91. New York: MLA, 1991, 33–40.Google Scholar
Reith, G. M. Handbook to Singapore. 2nd ed. [1907]. Reprint. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Roberts, David. ‘Writing the Ethical Life: Theatrical Biography and the Case of Thomas Betterton’. Theatre History and Historiography: Ethics, Evidence and Truth. Eds. Cochrane, Claire and Robinson, Jo. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 33–47.Google Scholar
Roms, Heike. ‘Mind the Gaps: Evidencing Performance and Performing Evidence in Performance Art History’. Theatre History and Historiography: Ethics, Evidence and Truth. Eds. Cochrane, Claire and Robinson, Jo. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 163–81.Google Scholar
Rosen, Sherwin. ‘The Economics of Superstars’. American Economic Review 71(5) (1981): 845–58.Google Scholar
Savran, David. ‘Trafficking in Transnational Brands: The New “Broadway-Style” Musical’. Theatre Survey 55(3) (2014): 318–42.Google Scholar
Scholz-Cionca, Stanca and Leonhardt, Nic. ‘Circulation: Theatrical Mobility and its Professionalization in the Nineteenth Century’. A Cultural History of Theatre in the Age of Empire. Vol. 5. Ed. Marx, Peter W.. London: Bloomsbury, 2017, 113–33.Google Scholar
Schweitzer, Marlis. When Broadway Was the Runway: Theater, Fashion, and American Culture. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Schweitzer, Marlis. Transatlantic Broadway: The Infrastructural Politics of Global Performance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, J. J. (ed.). Territorials in India: A Souvenir of Their Historic Arrival for Military Duty in the ‘Land of the Rupee’. From the Royal Opera House, Bombay. Prepared in Accordance with the Instructions of the Proprietor, J. F. Karaka. Bombay: J. J. Sheppard, 1916.Google Scholar
Shope, Bradley G. American Popular Music in Britain’s Raj. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Silver, Christopher. Planning the Megacity: Jakarta in the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge, 2008.Google Scholar
Smith-Doerr, Laurel and Powell, Walter W.. ‘Networks and Economic Life’. The Handbook of Economic Sociology. Eds. Smelser, Neil and Swedberg, Richard. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press Russell Sage Foundation, 2005, 379–402.Google Scholar
Smither, Roger. ‘“A Wonderful Idea of the Fighting”: The Question of Fakes in “The Battle of the Somme”’. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 13(2) (1993): 149–69.Google Scholar
Taylor, Frederick Winslow. Principles of Scientific Management. New York: Harper & Brothers, [1911] 1919.Google Scholar
‘Theatre and Music Hall Companies’. The Stage Yearbook. Ed. Carson, Lionel. London: The Stage, 1917.Google Scholar
‘Theatrical Touring in the Far East by One Who Has Tried It’. The Stage Yearbook. London: The Stage, 1917.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. ‘Migration in Modern European History’. Human Migration: Patterns and Policies. Eds. McNeill, W. H. and Adams, R. S.. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1978, 48–72.Google Scholar
Titmuss, R. M. ‘Health’. Law and Opinion in England in the 20th Century. Ed. Ginsberg, Morris. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1959, 299–318.Google Scholar
Tögl, Gero. The Bayreuth Enterprise 1848–1914. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2017.Google Scholar
Trocki, C. A. Opium and Empire: Chinese Society in Colonial Singapore, 1800–1910. New York: Cornell University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Voicu, Ştefan-Valentin. ‘Making the Family: Actors, Networks and the State’. Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology 3 (2012): 117–27.Google Scholar
Warnk, Holger. ‘Faust Does Nusantara’. Lost Times and Untold Tales from the Malay World. Eds. Putten, Jan van der and Cody, Mary Kilcline. Singapore: NUS Press, 2009, 227–40.Google Scholar
Weller, Bernard. ‘How to Protect a Play’. The Stage Yearbook. London: “The Stage” Offices, 1908, pp. 35–44.Google Scholar
Wells, Stanley and Taylor, Gary (eds.). The Complete Oxford Shakespeare. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Wenzlhuemer, Roland. Connecting the Nineteenth-Century World: The Telegraph and Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Wetherell, Charles. ‘Historical Social Network Analysis’. International Review of Social History 43 (1998): 125–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Who Was Who in the Theatre: 1912–1976. A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Directors, Playwrights, and Producers of the English-Speaking Theatre. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1978.Google Scholar
Winder, G. M. ‘Imagining Geography and Citizenship in the Networked Newspaper: “La Nación” Reports the Assassination at Sarajevo, 1914’. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung, Special Issue, 35(1) (2010): 140–66.Google Scholar
Woods, Philip. ‘Film Propaganda in India, 1914–23’. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 15(4) (1995): 543–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamomo, MeLê. Theatre and Music in Manila and the Asia Pacific, 1869–1946: Sounding Modernities. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.Google Scholar
Yeh, Catherine Vance. Shanghai Love: Courtesans, Intellectuals, and Entertainment Culture, 1850–1910. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Secondary Sources
Colligan, Mimi. ‘Tallis, Sir George (1869–1948)’. Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tallis-sir-george-8744/text15313. Last accessed 1 May 2018.Google Scholar
Collins Dictionary of Law. S.v. Lex loci and lex fori. https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lex+fori. Last accessed 22 August 2018.Google Scholar
Cressman, Darryl. A Brief Overview of Actor-Network Theory: Punctualization, Heterogeneous Engineering & Translation. www.sfu.ca/content/dam/sfu/cmns/research/centres/cprost/recentpapers/2009/0901.pdf. Last accessed 22 August 2018.Google Scholar
Famiglia Dalbagni. http://xoomer.virgilio.it/nuovopapiro/in_egitto_file/dalbagni_famiglia.htm. Last accessed 22 August 2018.Google Scholar
Fletcher, Justice. E. M. D. Cohen vs Allan Wilkie on 11 March, 1912. Calcutta High Court. http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1026435/. Last accessed 6 November 2013.Google Scholar
Gehi, Reema. ‘After a Gap of 23 Years, Opera House Will Reopen in October’, Mumbai Mirror, 17 September 2016. www.mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/Mumbais-Opera-House-to-finally-reopen-in-October/articleshow/54373881.cms. Last accessed 31 July 2018.Google Scholar
George, Muriel. www.murielgeorge.info/index/view/story/memoirs/id/13. Last accessed 22 August 2018.Google Scholar
Kikare, Arkash. Remembering the 20th Century Theatre Impresario Who Built Mumbai’s Iconic Opera House. http://scroll.in/article/818739/remembering-the-20th-century-theatre-impresario-who-built-mumbais-iconic-opera-house. Last accessed 21 August 2018.Google Scholar
Madan Theatres Research Group. https://madantheatres.com. Last accessed 21 August 2018.Google Scholar
Nair, Supriva. Opera around the Corner. www.livemint.com/Leisure/VHH6Mo35YzYkGI1YooU57J/Opera-around-the-corner.html. Last accessed 31 July 2018.Google Scholar
Screening the Past. http://tlweb.latrobe.edu.au/humanities/screeningthepast/25/rose-of-rhodesia/parsons-1.html. Last accessed 21 August 2018.Google Scholar
Springfield, Maurice. Hunting Opium and Other Scents. Suffolk: Norfolk and Suffolk Publicity Services, 1966. www.earnshaw.com/sites/earnshaw.com/files/shanghai-ed-india/tales/library/opium/opium03.htm. Last accessed 21 August 2018.Google Scholar
Stephen Lopez Career (with Maurice E. Bandmann). www.joydiv.org/familygoingback/career.htm.Google Scholar
Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala. Opium and Its History in Singapore. http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_622_2004-12-16.html. Last accessed 21 August 2018.Google Scholar
Vanessa Lopez Family Archive. www.familygoingback.co.uk. Last accessed 30 August 2018.Google Scholar
Wood, Paul. The History of Elder Dempster. www.rakaia.co.uk/assets/elder-dempster-history-summary.pdf. Last accessed 21 August 2018.Google Scholar