Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-j5c6p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-07T05:57:07.244Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 32 - Evaluating Global Health Impact and Increasing Access to Essential Medicines

from Section 6 - Shaping the Future

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2021

By
Nicole Hassoun
Edited by
Solomon Benatar  and
Gillian Brock
Solomon Benatar
Affiliation:
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, University of Cape Town
Gillian Brock
Affiliation:
Professor of Philosophy, University of Auckland
Get access

Summary

Imagine a world where people everywhere have access to the lifesaving drugs they need to fight diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. To help extend access to essential medicines, we have to understand the problem. Understanding the impact of key technologies on the global burden of disease is essential for policymakers to extend access to important medicines, to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, and to fulfill everyone’s human right to health. The Global Health Impact (GHI) Index opens the door to positive change by considering how essential medicines for some of the world’s worst diseases are affecting global health. It provides new models measuring the effect of key HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis (TB), and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) medicines on death and disability over time.

Type
Chapter
Information
Global Health
Ethical Challenges
 , pp. 406 - 415
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bao, L. (2012). A new infectious disease model for estimating and projecting HIV/AIDS epidemics. Sex Transmitted Infect 88, i58–i64.Google Scholar
Bhatt, S., Weiss, D. J., Cameron, E., et al. (2015). The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature 526, 207–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berman, J. (2015). Web tool tracks locations of vital drugs’ biggest impact. Voice of America, December 15. Available at www.voanews.com/science-health/web-tool-tracks-locations-vital-drugs-biggest-impact (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
Boerma, T., Eozenou, P., Evans, D., et al. (2014). Monitoring progress towards universal health coverage at country and global levels. PLOS Medicine 11, e1001731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program (2019). Demographic and health surveys. Available at https://dhsprogram.com/what-we-do/survey-Types/dHs.cfm (accessed June 21, 2019).Google Scholar
Eisele, T. P., Larsen, D. A., Walker, N., et al. (2012). Estimates of child deaths prevented from malaria prevention scale-up in Africa 2001–2010. Malaria Journal 11, 93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galactionova, K., Tediosi, F., De Savigny, D., et al. (2015). Effective coverage and systems effectiveness for malaria case management in Sub-Saharan African countries. PLoS One 10, e0127818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GAVI Alliance (2012). Investing in immunization through the GAVI Alliance, the evidence base. Available at www.gavi.org/sites/default/files/document/2019/GAVI_Alliance_Evidence_Base.pdf (accessed June 21, 2019).Google Scholar
Global Fund (2015). Results Report 2015. Available at www.theglobalfund.org/media/8253/corporate_2015resultsreport_report_en.pdf?u=637278307900000000 (accessed June 21, 2019).Google Scholar
Global Health Impact (2014). The Indexes. Available at https://global-health-impact.org/ (accessed December 29, 2013).Google Scholar
Gostin, L. O., Friedman, E. A., Buse, K., et al. (2013). Towards a framework convention on global health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 91, 790–793.Google Scholar
Gostin, L. O., & Sridhar, D. (2014). Global health and the law. New England Journal of Medicine, 370, 1732–1740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorenstein, D. (2015). New effort ranks drug makers by impact. Marketplace, January 23. Available at www.marketplace.org/2015/01/23/new-effort-ranks-drugmakers-impact/ (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
Hassoun, N. (2012a). Global Health Impact: a basis for labeling and licensing campaigns? Developing World Bioethics 12, 121–134.Google Scholar
Hassoun, N. (2012b). Measuring Global Health Impact: incentivizing research and development of drugs for neglected diseases. Developing World Bioethics 12, 121–134.Google Scholar
Hassoun, N. (2014). Globalization, global justice, and global health impact. Public Affairs Quarterly 28, 231–258.Google Scholar
Hassoun, N. (2016a). Advancing the Sustainable Development Goals and human rights to health: evaluating global health impact and increasing access to essential medicines. United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines. Available at www.unsgaccessmeds.org/inbox/2016/2/16/contributionn-hassoun?rq=Hassoun (accessed June 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Hassoun, N. (2016b). The Global Health Impact Index: promoting global health. PLOS One 11, e0148946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hassoun, N. (2016c). Modeling key malaria drugs’ impact on global health: a reason to invest in the global health impact index. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, 942–946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda (2013). Bali Communiqué, March 28. Available at www.un.org/sg/sites/www.un.org.sg/files/documents/management/Final%20Communique%20Bali.pdf (accessed June 16, 2020).Google Scholar
High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines (2016). Report of the United Nations Secretary-General. Available at https://static1.squarespace.com/static/562094dee4b0d00c1a3ef761/t/57d9c6ebf5e231b2f02cd3d4/1473890031320/UNSG+HLP+Report+FINAL+12+Sept+2016.pdf%20citation (accessed June 21, 2019).Google Scholar
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (2019). GBD results tool. IHME, Seattle. Available at http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
Komatsu, R., Korenromp, E. L., Low-Beer, D., et al. (2010). Lives saved by global fund-supported HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria programs: estimation approach and results between 2003 and end-2007. BMC Infectious Diseases 10, 109.Google Scholar
OSF (2011). GHI spreadsheet ORS v63. OSF Registries. Available at https://osf.io/zghvy (accessed January 1, 2016).Google Scholar
Palladium Group. (2015). Palladium delivers positive impact solutions: international development, strategy execution and impact investment. Available at http://thepalladiumgroup.com/ (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
Prakash, N. (2015). SUNY professor indexes pharma companies’ impact. Politico PRO, January 23. Available at www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2016/05/suny-professor-indexes-pharma-companies-impact-052709 (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
Sanofi (2015). Awards and recognitions. Available at www.sanofi.us/en/about-us/awards-and-recognitions (accessed December 29, 2019).Google Scholar
Silverman, E. (2015). A new index measures impact pharma has on infectious diseases. Wall Street Journal, January 23. Available at https://blogs.wsj.com/pharmalot/2015/01/23/a-new-index-measures-impact-pharma-has-on-infectious-diseases/ (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
Stover, J., & USAID (2009). AIM: A computer program for making HIV/AIDS projections and examining the demographic and social impacts of AIDS. Futures Group International, United States Agency of International Development Health Policy Initiative (UNAIDS), Washington, DC, 4. Available at http://data.unaids.org/pub/manual/2009/20090414_aim_manual_2009_en.pdf (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
UNICEF (2015). About UNICEF data and analytics. Available at https://data.unicef.org/about-us/ (accessed December 29, 2019).Google Scholar
United Nations Sustainable Development (n.d.). About the Sustainable Development Goals. Available at www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ (accessed June 19, 2019).Google Scholar
VisionGain (2010). The global OTC pharmaceutical market, 2010–2025. Available at www.visiongain.com/Report/500/The-Global-OTC-Pharmaceutical-Market-2010-2025 (accessed June 19, 2019).Google Scholar
Walker, N., Tam, Y., & Friberg, I. (2013). Overview of the lives saved tool (LiST). BMC Public Health 13, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (WHO) (2006). Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis. Available at www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20073104734 (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2010a). Global report on antimalarial efficacy and drug resistance: 2000–2010. Available at www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241500470/en/ (accessed December 29, 2013).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2010b). World health statistics 2010. Available at www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS10_Full.pdf?ua=1 (accessed December 29, 2013).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2011a). Global price reporting mechanism for HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. Available at www.who.int/hiv/amds/gprm/en/ (accessed January 14, 2013).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2011b). World malaria report 2011. Available at www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2011/en/ (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
Organization (WHO) (2013b). Global tuberculosis report 2013. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/91355/9789241564656_eng.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed December 29, 2015).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2014). Access to antiretroviral drugs in low- and middle-income countries. Available at www.who.int/hiv/pub/amds/access-arv-2014/en/ (accessed January 1, 2016).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). World malaria report 2018. Available at www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2018/en/ (accessed June 21, 2019).Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2019). PCT databank. Available at www.who.int/neglected_diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/lf/en/ (accessed June 21, 2019).Google Scholar
World Health Organization & World Bank (2014). Monitoring progress towards universal health coverage at country and global levels: a framework. Geneva: WHO, pp. 1–10.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×