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23 - Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2009

By
Mark I. McCarthy
Edited by
Alan Wright  and
Nicholas Hastie
Alan Wright
Affiliation:
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh
Nicholas Hastie
Affiliation:
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh
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Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes accounts for the overwhelming majority of diabetes worldwide (Zimmet et al., 2001) and represents a major and growing challenge to biomedical care. In contrast to many other complex traits, the environmental exposures which contribute to the development of this condition are well characterized: but as they are so pervasive, efforts to reduce the prevalence of this condition through environmental and behavioral manipulation have had only limited impact. Personal risk of developing type 2 diabetes results from the interaction between these pervasive exposures and our individual portfolios of susceptibility and protective genomic variants. Over the past decade, more and more of these variants have been identified and characterized. The challenge for the next decade is to understand how these variants interact with each other and with environment, and to use this information to target preventive and therapeutic interventions to maximize their effect.

Type 2 diabetes: the next global epidemic?

Definitions

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, which is known to result from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-secreting beta-cells of the pancreas, leading to lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin, the etiology of type 2 diabetes is poorly understood (Kahn, 2003). Whilst type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood, type 2 diabetes classically presents in later life. These clinical distinctions lie behind previous disease classifications in which type 2 diabetes was known originally as maturity-onset diabetes, and subsequently, as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (World Health Organization Study Group, 1985).

Type
Chapter
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Genes and Common Diseases
Genetics in Modern Medicine
 , pp. 344 - 358
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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