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4 - Genomic stratification in patients with heart failure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2009

By
Tara A. Bullard ,
Frédérick Aguilar ,
Jennifer L. Hall  and
Burns C. Blaxall
Edited by
Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
Tara A. Bullard
Affiliation:
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
Frédérick Aguilar
Affiliation:
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
Jennifer L. Hall
Affiliation:
Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MI
Burns C. Blaxall
Affiliation:
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Centre, NY
Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
Affiliation:
Charite-University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Berlin
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Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease, or heart failure (HF), continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, having surpassed infectious disease in the 1990s. Current estimates indicate that chronic HF affects 1–2% of the total population of developed countries [1]. Patients with HF face a dismal prognosis: 5-year survival following diagnosis of any HF is approximately 50%, and 1-year survival for those with end-stage disease is less than 50% [2–4]. In the United States alone, there are approximately 550 000 newly diagnosed cases of HF per year, with numbers continually rising [4]. Furthermore, recent predictions suggest that HF will become the leading cause of all disability by 2020.

HF is a complex and progressive disease with numerous etiologies that involve environmental, genetic and genomic factors. While progress has been made in identifying components that may contribute to HF, our current understanding of the molecular underpinnings of HF remains remarkably limited. Although treatment modalities of recent years have improved disease prognosis, novel insights are required to enhance duration and quality of life further for patients suffering from this debilitating disease. Compounding the complex nature of HF is the recent suggestion that the adult heart expresses as many as 10 000 genes. To unravel the molecular complexities of HF, the rapidly developing field of gene expression profiling by microarrays provides an excellent means by which to investigate genome-wide difference in gene expression profiles associated with cardiovascular disease.

Type
Chapter
Information
Gene Expression Profiling by Microarrays
Clinical Implications
 , pp. 80 - 105
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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