Cognitive Contributions to Sex Differences in Math Performance

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511614446.006

5 - Cognitive Contributions to Sex Differences in Math Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012

James M. Royer and

Laura M. Garofoli

Edited by

Ann M. Gallagher and

James C. Kaufman

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James M. Royer: Affiliation:
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Laura M. Garofoli: Affiliation:
Dr. Franklin Perkins School
Ann M. Gallagher: Affiliation:
Law School Admissions Council, Newton, PA
James C. Kaufman: Affiliation:
California State University, San Bernardino

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Summary

This chapter offers an explanation, or a set of explanations, for how sex differences in cognitive abilities result in sex differences in math performance, and particularly differences in performance on high-level math tests. By high-level math tests, we mean tests such as the SAT-M, ACT-M, or GRE-M that are commonly used for competitive selection decisions. Our chapter is not about sex differences in math in general. Therefore, there are interesting differences between males and females in areas such as math self-concept, math anxiety, and so on that we do not discuss. We make this distinction because the general area of sex differences in mathematics is large, unwieldy, contradictory, and ultimately, in our opinion, not explainable by a common set of factors. We do, however, briefly examine some of the areas encompassed under the general topic of sex differences in mathematics because research in those areas serves to constrain explanations for sex differences in high-level math test performance. We now examine some of those areas of research.

GRADES IN MATH CLASSES

Reviews of the literature examining sex differences in math grades indicate that girls generally receive better grades than boys, especially after junior high school (Dwyer & Johnson, 1997; Kimball, 1989). Kimball concluded that junior high and high school girls received better grades than their male peers in specific courses and had a higher overall math grade point average.

Type: Chapter
Information: Gender Differences in Mathematics
An Integrative Psychological Approach
, pp. 99 - 120

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614446.006 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2004

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