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12 - High-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2012

By
Eli Waxman
Edited by
Chryssa Kouveliotou ,
Ralph A. M. J. Wijers  and
Stan Woosley
Eli Waxman
Affiliation:
Physics Faculty, Weizman Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Chryssa Kouveliotou
Affiliation:
NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville
Ralph A. M. J. Wijers
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Stan Woosley
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Cruz
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Summary

Introduction

Cosmic rays (CRs) with energies exceeding ~5 × 1018 eV are termed Ultra High Energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The (probably extragalactic) sources of these particles and their acceleration mechanisms are unknown and for many years have been the issue of much debate (e.g., Waxman 2004a, Berezinsky 2008, and references therein). The first part of this chapter, Section 12.2, describes the main constraints that are imposed by UHECR observations on the properties of candidate UHECR sources. In Section 12.2.7 it is shown that GRBs are the only known type of source that satisfy all constraints. The main open questions associated with the production of UHECRs are summarized in Section 12.2.8.

The GRB model for UHECR production makes testable predictions regarding the spec- trum and arrival direction distribution of UHECRs at the highest energies (Section 12.2.7). These predictions will, however, be difficult to test using even the largest available/planned UHECR detectors (see http://www.auger.org/). The challenges of identifying the UHECR sources, and of probing the physical mechanisms driving them, may be met by high-energy neutrino detectors (Halzen & Hooper 2002, Waxman 2005). The effort for addressing these challenges using high-energy neutrino “telescopes” is discussed in Section 12.3. It is shown that detectors, which are currently under construction, are expected to reach the effective mass required for the detection of high energy extragalactic neutrino sources, and may therefore play a key role in the near future in resolving the main open questions.

Type
Chapter
Information
Gamma-ray Bursts , pp. 251 - 268
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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