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18 - Biogeochemical roles of fungi in marine and estuarine habitats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

By
Nicholas Clipson ,
Marinus Otte  and
Eleanor Landy
Edited by
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Nicholas Clipson
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial, Microbiology University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
Marinus Otte
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Eleanor Landy
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH UK
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
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Summary

Introduction

Oceans cover around 70% of the global surface area, yet remain one of the least explored regions for fungal diversity; consequently knowledge of the fungal contribution to ecosystem processes in these marine environments is extremely limited. For the purposes of this review, marine habitats are defined as those influenced in some way by seawater, generally from existing saline water bodies. In some cases, saline habitats have resulted from salt accumulation in soils originating from ancient seas. Broadly, marine ecosystems divide between those influenced in some way by terrestrial environments, generally situated close to coastal regions, and those associated with the open ocean. Broad boundaries within marine environments are detailed in Table 18.1, where coastal and open ocean, and the effect of depth within open oceans, is differentiated. Marine environments tend also to be strongly linked, representing movement between different regions of seas and oceans, as summarized in Fig. 18.1. In coastal regions, numerous types of marine environment develop, including saline wetlands and lagoons on low-energy coasts, estuarine systems where there is freshwater influx, and a range of beach and splash communities on high-energy coasts. Such ecosystems are reviewed in more detail by Packham and Willis (1997). Adjacent to coastal regions, and where continental shelves are shallow, coastal sea communities form, including coral reefs, which are found in both tropical and cold seas. A number of inland saline environments also exist, such as salt pans and salt deserts.

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Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles , pp. 436 - 461
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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