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Chapter 29 - Fundamentals of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance during Surgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2022

By
Chris Wood  and
Rebecca Parker
Edited by
Daniel Rodger ,
Kevin Henshaw ,
Paul Rawling  and
Scott Miller
Daniel Rodger
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Perioperative Practice, London South Bank University
Kevin Henshaw
Affiliation:
Associate Head of Allied Health Professions, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk
Paul Rawling
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Perioperative Practice, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk
Scott Miller
Affiliation:
Consultant Anaesthetist, St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust
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Summary

Intravenous fluids are solutions containing various quantities of water, electrolytes, salts, and sugar. They are used to maintain haemostasis when the enteral route is insufficient to meet physiological demand. Fluid therapy maintains hydration, oxygen delivery, and thus organ function. Poor perioperative fluid control is associated with impaired physiological function, resulting in patient harm and increasing healthcare costs. Perioperative fluid management is based upon three distinct but related factors: patient (age and comorbidities), surgical (urgency, indication and duration) and anaesthetic. This chapter is an introduction to intravenous fluids, highlighting the physiological control mechanisms, the composition of intravenous fluids, and important clinical assessment principles.

Keywords

ColloidCrystalloidFluid balanceUrineBloodPhysiologyIntravenous fluidOptimisation
Type
Chapter
Information
Fundamentals of Operating Department Practice , pp. 322 - 333
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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