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Chapter 13 - Substance Use Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2024

By
Ayomipo J. Amiola ,
Sreeja Sahadevan ,
Saher Binnat Rafiq  and
Regi T. Alexander
Edited by
David M. L. Branford ,
Satheesh K. Gangadharan ,
Mary Barrett  and
Regi T. Alexander
David M. L. Branford
Affiliation:
Independent Pharmacy Consultant
Satheesh K. Gangadharan
Affiliation:
Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust
Mary Barrett
Affiliation:
Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust
Regi T. Alexander
Affiliation:
Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
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Summary

According to the ICD-11 (World Health Organization, 2019), substance use disorders include disorders that result from a single occasion or repeated use of substances (both legal and illegal) that have psychoactive properties; all drugs that are taken in excess have in common direct activation of the brain reward system, which is involved in the reinforcement of behaviours and the production of memories. They produce such an intense activation of the reward system that normal activities may be neglected. Instead of achieving reward system activation through adaptive behaviours, drugs of abuse directly activate the reward pathways. The pharmacological mechanisms by which each class of drugs produces reward are different, but the drugs typically activate the system and produce feelings of pleasure, often referred to as a ‘high’ (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This chapter will cover all substance use in people with intellectual disability, whether it is a problem, and alternative treatments.

Keywords

psychoactive substancesalcoholcannabiscocainestimulantsopiodsdisulfiram
Type
Chapter
Information
The Frith Prescribing Guidelines for People with Intellectual Disability , pp. 180 - 198
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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