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7 - Earth, wind, and fire: abiotic factors and the impacts of global environmental change on forest health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
J.E. Lundquist ,
A.E. Camp ,
M.L. Tyrrell ,
S.J. Seybold ,
P. Cannon  and
D.J. Lodge
Edited by
John D. Castello  and
Stephen A. Teale
J.E. Lundquist
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service
A.E. Camp
Affiliation:
Yale University
M.L. Tyrrell
Affiliation:
Global Institute of Sustainable Forestry
S.J. Seybold
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service
P. Cannon
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service
D.J. Lodge
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service
John D. Castello
Affiliation:
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Stephen A. Teale
Affiliation:
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
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Summary

Introduction

Trees do not just die; there is always a primary cause, and often contributing factors. Trees need adequate quantities of water, heat, light, nutrients, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and other abiotic resources to sustain life, growth, and reproduction. When these factors are deficient or excessive, they cause mortality. According to the concept of baseline mortality (Chapters 1, 2, and 3), a certain number of trees must die as a forest ages to maintain a healthy condition. Abiotic factors kill trees in different ways, e.g., starvation, desiccation, uprooting, or stem breakage. The patterns of mortality and how the forest responds determine how changing stand structures impact sustainability and productivity. Here, we discuss abiotic factors, and how they influence diameter and age class distributions. We conclude this chapter by suggesting general principles about the impacts of abiotic disturbances on stand structures within forest ecosystems.

Weather events

Weather is the set of all phenomena occurring in a given atmosphere at a given time. Weather phenomena include wind, clouds, rain, snow, fog, dust storms, ice storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, and others. Some weather events can reset forest succession directly by killing trees. Weather events also can influence the rate and direction of forest succession indirectly by increasing fuels to enhance fire risk or by predisposing trees to other stresses.

Type
Chapter
Information
Forest Health
An Integrated Perspective
 , pp. 195 - 244
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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