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Chapter 3 - Modes of Explanation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2022

Eric W. K. Tsang
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Dallas
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Summary

This chapter first introduces Aristotle’s doctrine of the four causes: material cause, formal cause, efficient cause and final cause. It is followed by the covering law model with its two versions: the deductive-nomological model, which is deterministic, and the inductive-statistical model, which is probabilistic. There are a number of counterexamples revealing the flaws of the covering law model, and the chapter discusses three: the barometer, the birth-control pill and the flagpole. A key defect of the model is that it does not involve the notion of causal mechanism. In contrast, mechanismic explanation traces the causal chain that produces the effect of interest and avoids the problems represented by the three counterexamples. Intentional explanation attempts to explain human behavior by intentional causation that treats reasons as causes. Although the terms teleological explanation and functional explanation are often used interchangeably, teleological explanation deals with conscious intent to achieve goals and is only applicable to human actions whereas functional explanation is concerned with the contribution of an entity to the future maintenance of a system of which the entity is a part. Historical explanation focuses on explaining the occurrence of some particular event by describing how it came to be. Finally, in contrast to variance theorizing that only examines the covariation among independent and dependent variables, process organization studies take time sequencing and ordering of events to be critical in conjuring up an explanation.

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Chapter
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Explaining Management Phenomena
A Philosophical Treatise
, pp. 75 - 125
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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  • Modes of Explanation
  • Eric W. K. Tsang, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Explaining Management Phenomena
  • Online publication: 15 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009323109.004
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  • Modes of Explanation
  • Eric W. K. Tsang, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Explaining Management Phenomena
  • Online publication: 15 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009323109.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Modes of Explanation
  • Eric W. K. Tsang, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book: Explaining Management Phenomena
  • Online publication: 15 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009323109.004
Available formats
×