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14 - Atmospheric transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen in Europe

from Part III - Nitrogen flows and fate at multiple spatial scales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

By
David Simpson ,
Wenche Aas ,
Jerzy Bartnicki ,
Haldis Berge ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Kees Cuvelier ,
Frank Dentener ,
Tony Dore ,
Jan Willem Erisman  and
Hilde Fagerli
...Show all authors
Edited by
Mark A. Sutton ,
Clare M. Howard ,
Jan Willem Erisman ,
Gilles Billen ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Peringe Grennfelt ,
Hans van Grinsven  and
Bruna Grizzetti
David Simpson
Affiliation:
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Wenche Aas
Affiliation:
NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Jerzy Bartnicki
Affiliation:
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Haldis Berge
Affiliation:
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Frank Dentener
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Tony Dore
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Hilde Fagerli
Affiliation:
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Chris Flechard
Affiliation:
Soils, Agro-hydro systems and Spatialization
Ole Hertel
Affiliation:
University of Aarhus
Hans van Jaarsveld
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Mike Jenkin
Affiliation:
Atmospheric Chemistry Services
Martijn Schaap
Affiliation:
TNO Built Environment and Geosciences
Valiyaveetil Shamsudheen Semeena
Affiliation:
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Philippe Thunis
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Robert Vautard
Affiliation:
LSCE/IPSL laboratoire CEA/CNRS/VSQ
Massimo Vieno
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Clare M. Howard
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Gilles Billen
Affiliation:
CNRS and University of Paris VI
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Peringe Grennfelt
Affiliation:
Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Bruna Grizzetti
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
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Summary

Executive summary

Nature of the problem

  • Observations of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition are severely restricted in spatial extent and type. The chain of processes leading to atmospheric deposition emissions, atmospheric dispersion, chemical transformation and eventual loss from the atmosphere is extremely complex and therefore currently, observations can only address part of this chain.

Approaches

  • Modelling provides a way of estimating atmospheric transport and deposition of Nr at the European scale. A description of the different model types is provided.

  • Current deposition estimates from models are compared with observations from European air chemistry monitoring networks.

  • The main focus of the chapter is at the European scale; however, both local variability and and intercontinental Nr transfers are also addressed.

Key findings/state of knowledge

  • Atmospheric deposition is a major input of Nr for European terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems as well as coastal sea areas.

  • Models are key tools to integrate our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and transport, and are essential for estimating the spatial distribution of deposition, and to support the formulation of air pollution control strategies.

  • Our knowledge of the reliability of models for deposition estimates is, however, limited, since we have so few observational constraints on many key parameters.

  • Total Nr deposition estimates cannot be directly assessed because of a lack of measurements, especially of the Nr dry deposition component. Differences among European regional models can be significant, however, e.g. 30% in some areas, and substantially more than this for specific locations.

Type
Chapter
Information
The European Nitrogen Assessment
Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives
 , pp. 298 - 316
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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