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7 - Invasive Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2021

By
John A. Lewis
Edited by
Stephen de Mora ,
Timothy Fileman  and
Thomas Vance
Stephen de Mora
Affiliation:
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Timothy Fileman
Affiliation:
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Thomas Vance
Affiliation:
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
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Summary

Through the eras since life first appeared on planet Earth, biological species have been spread around the globe, both within and between landmasses and water bodies. The current biogeographical mosaic of communities and ecosystems has evolved in response to tectonic movement, climatic fluctuations and consequent sea-level rises and falls, as well as biological adaptions to the physical and chemical environment. The environmental requisites or tolerances, competitive strengths and weaknesses, mechanisms of dispersal and reproductive strategies dictate the ability of a species to survive, propagate and expand populations, with the success, speed and distances of spread governed by not only individual species traits, but also the structure of, and ecological processes within, surrounding ecosystems. Through the evolution of the biosphere, the interactions of physical and chemical conditions – and between biological species – has led to constraints on the distributions of the myriad plants and animals, with many now defined as native, or indigenous, to specific regions. Species abundances and distributional boundaries are, however, dynamic over short and long periods of time.

Type
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Information
Environmental Impact of Ships , pp. 165 - 215
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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