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Chapter 3 - The Ambitions of Government

Sovereignty and Control in the Ancient Countryside

from Part I - Empire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2021

By
Clifford Ando
Edited by
Harriet I. Flower
Harriet I. Flower
Affiliation:
Princeton University, New Jersey
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Summary

The chapter sketches an approach to a great challenge of contemporary ancient history, namely, the history whereby state power was extended into the ancient countryside. It commences with consideration of the operations that produced Roman taxonomies of city-states and villages: far from a simple consequence of recognition, the statuses of city-state and village alike were ascribed. The chapter directs attention to the decades when Rome ceased to treat with regions via networks of bilateral alliances and instead instrumentalized select city-states to dominate territories and peoples that were henceforth deemed non-political. On this basis, the chapter challenges the interpretive truisms that Rome “governed through city-states” or that it relied on preexisting institutions. What we should seek to bring into view is the political economics of republican empire: the related forms of fiscal domination and monopolies over law-making and law-applying institutions that the democratically constituted oligarchies of the ancient city exercised over others on behalf of Rome.

Keywords

imperiumcivitassovereigntycountrysidevillageAstypalaiaStratonikeiaAphrodisias
Type
Chapter
Information
Empire and Religion in the Roman World , pp. 71 - 93
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

Bibliography

= L’Année Épigraphique

= Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft

= M. H. Crawford (ed.) Roman Statutes, 2 vols. (London, 1996)

= Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum

= Tituli Asiae Minoris

= Cicero, Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem

= Cicero, In Verrem

= Dio Chrysostomus, Orationes

= Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia

= Tacitus, Annales

Ando, C. (2011a) Law, Language and Empire in the Roman Tradition, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2011b) “Law and the Landscape of Empire,” in Benoist, Daguey-Gagey, and Hoët-van Cauwenberghe (2011): 25–47.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2012) “The Roman City in the Roman Period,” in Benoist (2012): 109–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, C. (2015) Roman Social Imaginaries: Language and Thought in Contexts of Empire, Toronto.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, C. (2016) “Making Romans: Democracy and Social Differentiation under Rome,” in Lavan, Payne, and Weisweiler (2016): 169–185.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2017a) “City, Village, Sacrifice: The Political Economy of Religion in the Early Roman Empire,” in Evans (2017): 118–136.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2017b) “Territoriality and Infrastructural Power in Ancient Rome,” in Ando and Richardson (2017): 115–148.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2018) “The Political Economy of the Hellenistic Polis: Comparative and Modern Perspectives,” in Börm and Luraghi (2018): 9–26.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2019) “Hannibal’s Legacy: Sovereignty and Territoriality in Republican Rome,” in Hölkeskamp, Karataş, and Roth (2019): 55–81.Google Scholar
Ando, C. and Richardson, S. (eds.) (2017) Infrastructural and Despotic Power in Ancient States, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Benoist, S. (ed.) (2012) Rome, a City and Its Empire in Perspective: The Impact of the Roman World through Fergus Millar’s Research. Rome, une cité impériale en jeu: L’impact du monde romain selon Fergus Millar, Leiden.Google Scholar
Benoist, S., Daguey-Gagey, A., and Hoët-van Cauwenberghe, C. (eds.) (2011) Figures d’empire, fragments de mémoire. Pouvoirs et identités dans le monde romain impérial (IIe s. av. n.è.–VIe s. de n.è.), Villeneuve d’Ascq.Google Scholar
Bertrand, J.-M. (1991) “Territoire donné, territoire attribué: note sur la pratique de l’attribution dans le monde impérial de Rome,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 2: 125–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Börm, H. and Luraghi, N. (eds.) (2018) The Polis in the Hellenistic World, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Bowman, A. K., Garnsey, P., and Rathbone, D. (eds.) (2000) The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 11: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbier, M. (1991) “City, Territory and Taxation,” in Rich and Wallace-Hadrill (1991): 211–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cottier, M., Crawford, M. H., Crowther, C. V., Ferrary, J.-L., Levick, B. M., Salomies, O., and Wörrle, M. (eds.) (2008) The Customs Law of Asia, Oxford.Google Scholar
De Ligt, L. (1993) Fairs and Markets in the Roman Empire: Economic and Social Aspects of Periodic Trade in a Pre-Industrial Society, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Díaz Fernández, A. (2015) Provincia et Imperium: El mando provincial en la República Romana (227–44 a.C.), Seville.Google Scholar
Eberle, L. (2014) Law, Land and Territories: The Roman Diaspora and the Making of Provincial Administration. PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Eck, W. (ed.) (1999) Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert, Munich.Google Scholar
Evans, R. (ed.) (2017) Mass and Elite in the Greek and Roman World: From Sparta to Late Antiquity, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frayn, J. M. (1993) Markets and Fairs in Roman Italy, Oxford.Google Scholar
Guerber, E. (2009) Les cités grecques dans l’Empire romain: Les privilèges et les titres des cités de l’orient hellénophone d’Octave Auguste à Dioclétien, Rennes.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. and Canevaro, M. (eds.) (2015) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildebrandt, P. (ed.) (1907) Scholia in Ciceronis Orationes Bobiensia, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.-J., Karataş, S., and Roth, R. (eds.) (2019) Empire, Hegemony or Anarchy? Rome and Italy, c. 200–30 BC, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Jacques, F. (1984) Le privilège de liberté. Politique impériale et autonomie municipale dans les cités de l’Occident romain (161–244), CÉFR 76, Rome.Google Scholar
Jones, C. P. (2007) “Juristes romains dans l’Orient grec,” Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions: 1331–1359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantor, G. (2010) “Siculus cum Siculo non eiusdem ciuitatis: Litigation between Citizens of Different Communities in the Verrines,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 19: 187–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantor, G. (2013) “Law in Roman Phrygia: Rules and Jurisdictions,” in Thonemann (2013): 143–167.Google Scholar
Kantor, G. (2015) “Greek Law under the Romans,” in Harris and Canevaro (2015): DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199599257.013.25.Google Scholar
Kornemann, E. (1940) “Attributio,” RE Supp. 7: cols. 65–71.Google Scholar
Laffi, U. (1966) Adtributio e contributio. Problemi del sistema politico-administrativo dello stato romano. Pisa.Google Scholar
Lavan, M. (2016) “The Spread of Roman Citizenship, 14–212 CE: Quantification in the Face of High Uncertainty,” Past and Present 230: 3–46.Google Scholar
Lavan, M., Payne, R. E., and Weisweiler, J. (eds.) (2016) Cosmopolitanism and Empire: Universal Rulers, Local Elites and Cultural Integration in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacMullen, R. (1970) “Market-days in the Roman Empire,” Phoenix 24: 333–341.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (1977) The Emperor in the Roman World, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (1984) “State and Subject: The Impact of Monarchy,” in Millar and Segal (1984): 37–60.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (1988) “Government and Diplomacy in the Roman Empire during the First Three Centuries,” International History Review 10: 345–377.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (2002) Rome, the Greek World, and the East. Vol. 1: The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution, ed. Cotton, H. M. and Rogers, G. M., Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (2004) Rome, the Greek World, and the East. Vol. 2: Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire, ed. Cotton, H. M. and Rogers, G. M., Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Millar, F. and Segal, E. (eds.) (1984) Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects, Oxford.Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. (2008) “Geography, Politics, and Imperialism in the Asian Customs Law,” Cottier et al. (2008): 165–201.Google Scholar
Nicolet, C. (1991) Space, Geography and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, Ann Arbor.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nollé, J. (1982) Nundinas instituere et habere. Epigraphische Zeugnisse zur Einrichtung und Gestaltung von ländlichen Märkten in Africa und in der Provinz Asia, Hildesheim.Google Scholar
Nollé, J. (1999) “Marktrechte außerhalb der Stadt: lokale Autonomie zwischen Statthalter und Zentralort,” in Eck (1999): 93–113.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (ed.) (2004) Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Reynolds, J. (1982) Aphrodisias and Rome, London.Google Scholar
Rich, J. and Wallace-Hadrill, A. (eds.) (1991) City and Country in the Ancient World, London.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. (2008) The Language of Empire: Rome and the Idea of Empire from the Third Century BC to the Second Century AD, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Richardson, S. (2017) “Before Things Worked: A ‘Low-Power’ Model of Early Mesopotamia,” in Ando and Richardson (2017): 17–62.Google Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. (2010) “Peloponnesian Cities under Roman Rule: The New Political Geography and Its Economic and Social Repercussions,” in Rizakis and Lepenioti (2010): 1–18.Google Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. and Lepenioti, C. E. (eds.) (2010) Roman Peloponnese III: Society, Economy, and Culture under the Roman Empire: Continuity and Innovation, Athens.Google Scholar
Robert, L. (1977) “La titulature de Nicée et de Nicomédie: la gloire et la haine,” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 81: 1–39.Google Scholar
Rosenberger, V. (2005) “Prodigien aus Italien: Geographische Verteilung und religiöse Kommunikation,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 16: 235–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostovtzeff, M. (1957) The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, 2nd ed. rev. by Fraser, P. M, Oxford.Google Scholar
Rowe, G. (2002) Princes and Political Cultures, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Scott, J. C. (1998) Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed, New Haven.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (1981a) “Rural Markets in North Africa and the Political Economy of the Roman Empire,” Antiquités africaines 17: 37–83.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (1981b) “The Elder Pliny’s African Geography,” Historia 30: 424–471.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (1986) “Autonomy and Tribute: Mountain and Plain in Mauretania Tingitana,” Revue de l’Occident Musulman et de la Méditeranée 41–42: 66–89.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (2000) “Rebels and Outsiders,” in Bowman, Garnsey and Rathbone (2000): 361–403.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (2004) “Bandits in the Roman Empire,” in Osborne (2004): 326–374.Google Scholar
Syme, R. (1999) The Provincial at Rome and Rome and the Balkans, 80 BC–AD 14, ed. Birley, A., Exeter.Google Scholar
Thonemann, P. (ed.) (2013) Roman Phrygia: Culture and Society, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolf, G. (1998) Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wörrle, M. and Wurster, W. W. (1997) “Dereköy: Eine befestigte Siedlung im nordwestlichen Lykien und die Reform ihres dörflichen Zeuskultes,” Chiron 27: 393–469.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2011a) Law, Language and Empire in the Roman Tradition, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2011b) “Law and the Landscape of Empire,” in Benoist, Daguey-Gagey, and Hoët-van Cauwenberghe (2011): 25–47.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2012) “The Roman City in the Roman Period,” in Benoist (2012): 109–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, C. (2015) Roman Social Imaginaries: Language and Thought in Contexts of Empire, Toronto.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, C. (2016) “Making Romans: Democracy and Social Differentiation under Rome,” in Lavan, Payne, and Weisweiler (2016): 169–185.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2017a) “City, Village, Sacrifice: The Political Economy of Religion in the Early Roman Empire,” in Evans (2017): 118–136.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2017b) “Territoriality and Infrastructural Power in Ancient Rome,” in Ando and Richardson (2017): 115–148.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2018) “The Political Economy of the Hellenistic Polis: Comparative and Modern Perspectives,” in Börm and Luraghi (2018): 9–26.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2019) “Hannibal’s Legacy: Sovereignty and Territoriality in Republican Rome,” in Hölkeskamp, Karataş, and Roth (2019): 55–81.Google Scholar
Ando, C. and Richardson, S. (eds.) (2017) Infrastructural and Despotic Power in Ancient States, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Benoist, S. (ed.) (2012) Rome, a City and Its Empire in Perspective: The Impact of the Roman World through Fergus Millar’s Research. Rome, une cité impériale en jeu: L’impact du monde romain selon Fergus Millar, Leiden.Google Scholar
Benoist, S., Daguey-Gagey, A., and Hoët-van Cauwenberghe, C. (eds.) (2011) Figures d’empire, fragments de mémoire. Pouvoirs et identités dans le monde romain impérial (IIe s. av. n.è.–VIe s. de n.è.), Villeneuve d’Ascq.Google Scholar
Bertrand, J.-M. (1991) “Territoire donné, territoire attribué: note sur la pratique de l’attribution dans le monde impérial de Rome,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 2: 125–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Börm, H. and Luraghi, N. (eds.) (2018) The Polis in the Hellenistic World, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Bowman, A. K., Garnsey, P., and Rathbone, D. (eds.) (2000) The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 11: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbier, M. (1991) “City, Territory and Taxation,” in Rich and Wallace-Hadrill (1991): 211–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cottier, M., Crawford, M. H., Crowther, C. V., Ferrary, J.-L., Levick, B. M., Salomies, O., and Wörrle, M. (eds.) (2008) The Customs Law of Asia, Oxford.Google Scholar
De Ligt, L. (1993) Fairs and Markets in the Roman Empire: Economic and Social Aspects of Periodic Trade in a Pre-Industrial Society, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Díaz Fernández, A. (2015) Provincia et Imperium: El mando provincial en la República Romana (227–44 a.C.), Seville.Google Scholar
Eberle, L. (2014) Law, Land and Territories: The Roman Diaspora and the Making of Provincial Administration. PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Eck, W. (ed.) (1999) Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert, Munich.Google Scholar
Evans, R. (ed.) (2017) Mass and Elite in the Greek and Roman World: From Sparta to Late Antiquity, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frayn, J. M. (1993) Markets and Fairs in Roman Italy, Oxford.Google Scholar
Guerber, E. (2009) Les cités grecques dans l’Empire romain: Les privilèges et les titres des cités de l’orient hellénophone d’Octave Auguste à Dioclétien, Rennes.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. and Canevaro, M. (eds.) (2015) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildebrandt, P. (ed.) (1907) Scholia in Ciceronis Orationes Bobiensia, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.-J., Karataş, S., and Roth, R. (eds.) (2019) Empire, Hegemony or Anarchy? Rome and Italy, c. 200–30 BC, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Jacques, F. (1984) Le privilège de liberté. Politique impériale et autonomie municipale dans les cités de l’Occident romain (161–244), CÉFR 76, Rome.Google Scholar
Jones, C. P. (2007) “Juristes romains dans l’Orient grec,” Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions: 1331–1359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantor, G. (2010) “Siculus cum Siculo non eiusdem ciuitatis: Litigation between Citizens of Different Communities in the Verrines,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 19: 187–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantor, G. (2013) “Law in Roman Phrygia: Rules and Jurisdictions,” in Thonemann (2013): 143–167.Google Scholar
Kantor, G. (2015) “Greek Law under the Romans,” in Harris and Canevaro (2015): DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199599257.013.25.Google Scholar
Kornemann, E. (1940) “Attributio,” RE Supp. 7: cols. 65–71.Google Scholar
Laffi, U. (1966) Adtributio e contributio. Problemi del sistema politico-administrativo dello stato romano. Pisa.Google Scholar
Lavan, M. (2016) “The Spread of Roman Citizenship, 14–212 CE: Quantification in the Face of High Uncertainty,” Past and Present 230: 3–46.Google Scholar
Lavan, M., Payne, R. E., and Weisweiler, J. (eds.) (2016) Cosmopolitanism and Empire: Universal Rulers, Local Elites and Cultural Integration in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacMullen, R. (1970) “Market-days in the Roman Empire,” Phoenix 24: 333–341.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (1977) The Emperor in the Roman World, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (1984) “State and Subject: The Impact of Monarchy,” in Millar and Segal (1984): 37–60.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (1988) “Government and Diplomacy in the Roman Empire during the First Three Centuries,” International History Review 10: 345–377.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (2002) Rome, the Greek World, and the East. Vol. 1: The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution, ed. Cotton, H. M. and Rogers, G. M., Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Millar, F. (2004) Rome, the Greek World, and the East. Vol. 2: Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire, ed. Cotton, H. M. and Rogers, G. M., Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Millar, F. and Segal, E. (eds.) (1984) Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects, Oxford.Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. (2008) “Geography, Politics, and Imperialism in the Asian Customs Law,” Cottier et al. (2008): 165–201.Google Scholar
Nicolet, C. (1991) Space, Geography and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, Ann Arbor.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nollé, J. (1982) Nundinas instituere et habere. Epigraphische Zeugnisse zur Einrichtung und Gestaltung von ländlichen Märkten in Africa und in der Provinz Asia, Hildesheim.Google Scholar
Nollé, J. (1999) “Marktrechte außerhalb der Stadt: lokale Autonomie zwischen Statthalter und Zentralort,” in Eck (1999): 93–113.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (ed.) (2004) Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Reynolds, J. (1982) Aphrodisias and Rome, London.Google Scholar
Rich, J. and Wallace-Hadrill, A. (eds.) (1991) City and Country in the Ancient World, London.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. (2008) The Language of Empire: Rome and the Idea of Empire from the Third Century BC to the Second Century AD, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Richardson, S. (2017) “Before Things Worked: A ‘Low-Power’ Model of Early Mesopotamia,” in Ando and Richardson (2017): 17–62.Google Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. (2010) “Peloponnesian Cities under Roman Rule: The New Political Geography and Its Economic and Social Repercussions,” in Rizakis and Lepenioti (2010): 1–18.Google Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. and Lepenioti, C. E. (eds.) (2010) Roman Peloponnese III: Society, Economy, and Culture under the Roman Empire: Continuity and Innovation, Athens.Google Scholar
Robert, L. (1977) “La titulature de Nicée et de Nicomédie: la gloire et la haine,” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 81: 1–39.Google Scholar
Rosenberger, V. (2005) “Prodigien aus Italien: Geographische Verteilung und religiöse Kommunikation,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 16: 235–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostovtzeff, M. (1957) The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, 2nd ed. rev. by Fraser, P. M, Oxford.Google Scholar
Rowe, G. (2002) Princes and Political Cultures, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Scott, J. C. (1998) Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed, New Haven.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (1981a) “Rural Markets in North Africa and the Political Economy of the Roman Empire,” Antiquités africaines 17: 37–83.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (1981b) “The Elder Pliny’s African Geography,” Historia 30: 424–471.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (1986) “Autonomy and Tribute: Mountain and Plain in Mauretania Tingitana,” Revue de l’Occident Musulman et de la Méditeranée 41–42: 66–89.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (2000) “Rebels and Outsiders,” in Bowman, Garnsey and Rathbone (2000): 361–403.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. (2004) “Bandits in the Roman Empire,” in Osborne (2004): 326–374.Google Scholar
Syme, R. (1999) The Provincial at Rome and Rome and the Balkans, 80 BC–AD 14, ed. Birley, A., Exeter.Google Scholar
Thonemann, P. (ed.) (2013) Roman Phrygia: Culture and Society, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolf, G. (1998) Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wörrle, M. and Wurster, W. W. (1997) “Dereköy: Eine befestigte Siedlung im nordwestlichen Lykien und die Reform ihres dörflichen Zeuskultes,” Chiron 27: 393–469.Google Scholar

Secondary Scholarship

Ando, C. (2011a) Law, Language and Empire in the Roman Tradition, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2011b) “Law and the Landscape of Empire,” in Benoist, Daguey-Gagey, and Hoët-van Cauwenberghe (2011): 25–47.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2012) “The Roman City in the Roman Period,” in Benoist (2012): 109–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, C. (2015) Roman Social Imaginaries: Language and Thought in Contexts of Empire, Toronto.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, C. (2016) “Making Romans: Democracy and Social Differentiation under Rome,” in Lavan, Payne, and Weisweiler (2016): 169–185.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2017a) “City, Village, Sacrifice: The Political Economy of Religion in the Early Roman Empire,” in Evans (2017): 118–136.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2017b) “Territoriality and Infrastructural Power in Ancient Rome,” in Ando and Richardson (2017): 115–148.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2018) “The Political Economy of the Hellenistic Polis: Comparative and Modern Perspectives,” in Börm and Luraghi (2018): 9–26.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2019) “Hannibal’s Legacy: Sovereignty and Territoriality in Republican Rome,” in Hölkeskamp, Karataş, and Roth (2019): 55–81.Google Scholar
Ando, C. and Richardson, S. (eds.) (2017) Infrastructural and Despotic Power in Ancient States, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Benoist, S. (ed.) (2012) Rome, a City and Its Empire in Perspective: The Impact of the Roman World through Fergus Millar’s Research. Rome, une cité impériale en jeu: L’impact du monde romain selon Fergus Millar, Leiden.Google Scholar
Benoist, S., Daguey-Gagey, A., and Hoët-van Cauwenberghe, C. (eds.) (2011) Figures d’empire, fragments de mémoire. Pouvoirs et identités dans le monde romain impérial (IIe s. av. n.è.–VIe s. de n.è.), Villeneuve d’Ascq.Google Scholar
Bertrand, J.-M. (1991) “Territoire donné, territoire attribué: note sur la pratique de l’attribution dans le monde impérial de Rome,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 2: 125–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Börm, H. and Luraghi, N. (eds.) (2018) The Polis in the Hellenistic World, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Bowman, A. K., Garnsey, P., and Rathbone, D. (eds.) (2000) The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 11: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbier, M. (1991) “City, Territory and Taxation,” in Rich and Wallace-Hadrill (1991): 211–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cottier, M., Crawford, M. H., Crowther, C. V., Ferrary, J.-L., Levick, B. M., Salomies, O., and Wörrle, M. (eds.) (2008) The Customs Law of Asia, Oxford.Google Scholar
De Ligt, L. (1993) Fairs and Markets in the Roman Empire: Economic and Social Aspects of Periodic Trade in a Pre-Industrial Society, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Díaz Fernández, A. (2015) Provincia et Imperium: El mando provincial en la República Romana (227–44 a.C.), Seville.Google Scholar
Eberle, L. (2014) Law, Land and Territories: The Roman Diaspora and the Making of Provincial Administration. PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Eck, W. (ed.) (1999) Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert, Munich.Google Scholar
Evans, R. (ed.) (2017) Mass and Elite in the Greek and Roman World: From Sparta to Late Antiquity, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frayn, J. M. (1993) Markets and Fairs in Roman Italy, Oxford.Google Scholar
Guerber, E. (2009) Les cités grecques dans l’Empire romain: Les privilèges et les titres des cités de l’orient hellénophone d’Octave Auguste à Dioclétien, Rennes.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. and Canevaro, M. (eds.) (2015) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildebrandt, P. (ed.) (1907) Scholia in Ciceronis Orationes Bobiensia, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.-J., Karataş, S., and Roth, R. (eds.) (2019) Empire, Hegemony or Anarchy? Rome and Italy, c. 200–30 BC, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Jacques, F. (1984) Le privilège de liberté. Politique impériale et autonomie municipale dans les cités de l’Occident romain (161–244), CÉFR 76, Rome.Google Scholar
Jones, C. P. (2007) “Juristes romains dans l’Orient grec,” Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions: 1331–1359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantor, G. (2010) “Siculus cum Siculo non eiusdem ciuitatis: Litigation between Citizens of Different Communities in the Verrines,” Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 19: 187–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantor, G. (2013) “Law in Roman Phrygia: Rules and Jurisdictions,” in Thonemann (2013): 143–167.Google Scholar
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