Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T13:21:18.914Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - Emotion Regulation in Self and Others

from Part I - Conceptual Foundations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2024

By
Kate Petrova  and
James J. Gross
Edited by
Isabelle Roskam ,
James J. Gross  and
Moïra Mikolajczak
Isabelle Roskam
Affiliation:
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
James J. Gross
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Moïra Mikolajczak
Affiliation:
Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
Get access

Summary

This chapter provides an overview of emotion regulation, with a particular emphasis on topics relevant to parenting. We begin with a discussion of emotion generation and emotion regulation. Next, we present one of the most commonly used frameworks for studying emotion regulation – the process model of emotion regulation – with particular attention to how it can be applied to emotion regulation that takes place in interpersonal and familial contexts. We then provide a more in-depth overview of interpersonal emotion regulation. Finally, we briefly review key findings on emotion regulation from the developmental literature through the lens of the process model and discuss key directions for future research.

Keywords

parentingemotion regulationsituation selectionsituation modificationattentional deploymentcognitive changeresponse modulationinterpersonal emotion regulationself-focused emotion regulationother-focused emotion regulation
Type
Chapter
Information
Emotion Regulation and Parenting , pp. 35 - 54
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Bariola, E., Hughes, E. K., & Gullone, E. (2012). Relationships between parent and child emotion regulation strategy use: A brief report. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(3), 443–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9497-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertele, N., Talmon, A., Gross, J. J., Schmahl, C., Schmitz, M., & Niedtfeld, I. (2022). Childhood maltreatment and borderline personality disorder: The mediating role of difficulties with emotion regulation. Journal of Personality Disorders, 36(3), 264–276. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2022.36.3.264CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boiger, M., & Mesquita, B. (2012). The construction of emotion in interactions, relationships, and cultures. Emotion Review, 4(3), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912439765CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116Google Scholar
Braunstein, L. M., Gross, J. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2017). Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: A multi-level framework. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(10), 1545–1557. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx096CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brumariu, L. E. (2015). Parent–child attachment and emotion regulation: Parent–child attachment and emotion regulation. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2015(148), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20098CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coan, J. A., Schaefer, H. S., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 17(12), 1032–1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01832.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohodes, E. M., Preece, D. A., McCauley, S., Rogers, M. K., Gross, J. J., & Gee, D. G. (2022). Development and validation of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) questionnaire. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50(2), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00759-9Google Scholar
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2/3), 73–100. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166139CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duckworth, A. L., Gendler, T. S., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Situational strategies for self-control. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615623247Google Scholar
Dunn, J., & Brown, J. (1994). Affect expression in the family, children’s understanding of emotions, and their interactions with others. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40(1), 120–137.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 241–273. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, B. Q., & Gross, J. J. (2019). Why beliefs about emotion matter: An emotion-regulation perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721418806697CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (1993). Moods, emotion episodes, and emotions. In Lewis, M. & Haviland, J. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 381–403). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(3), 243–268. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.3.243Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2011). Emotion generation and emotion regulation: One or two depends on your point of view. Emotion Review, 3(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910380974Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006). Emotion regulation in everyday life. In Snyder, D. K., Simpson, J., & Hughes, J. N. (Eds.), Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health. (pp. 13–35). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11468-001Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., Sheppes, G., & Urry, H. L. (2011). Cognition and Emotion Lecture at the 2010 SPSP Emotion Preconference: Emotion generation and emotion regulation: A distinction we should make (carefully). Cognition & Emotion, 25(5), 765–781. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.555753CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations. In Gross, J. J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3–24). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., Uusberg, H., & Uusberg, A. (2019). Mental illness and well‐being: An affect regulation perspective. World Psychiatry, 18(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20618CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hébert, M., Boisjoli, C., Blais, M., & Oussaïd, E. (2018). Alexithymia as a mediator of the relationship between child sexual abuse and psychological distress in adolescence: A short-term longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research, 260, 468–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.022Google Scholar
Koole, S. L., Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. L. (2015). Implicit emotion regulation: Feeling better without knowing why. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.027Google Scholar
Miu, A. C., Szentágotai-Tătar, A., Balázsi, R., Nechita, D., Bunea, I., & Pollak, S. D. (2022). Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 93, 102141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102141CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Morris, M. D. S., Steinberg, L., Aucoin, K. J., & Keyes, A. W. (2011). The influence of mother–child emotion regulation strategies on children’s expression of anger and sadness. Developmental Psychology, 47(1), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16(2), 361–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.xGoogle Scholar
Nozaki, Y., & Mikolajczak, M. (2020). Extrinsic emotion regulation. Emotion, 20(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000636Google Scholar
Petrova, K., Nevarez, M. D., Rice, J., Waldinger, R. J., Preacher, K. J., & Schulz, M. S. (2021). Coherence between feelings and heart rate: Links to early adversity and responses to stress. Affective Science, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-020-00027-5Google Scholar
Preece, D. A., Mehta, A., Becerra, R., Chen, W., Allan, A., Robinson, K., Boyes, M., Hasking, P., & Gross, J. J. (2022). Why is alexithymia a risk factor for affective disorder symptoms? The role of emotion regulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 296, 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.085Google Scholar
Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002). Risky families: family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 330–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.330Google Scholar
Scherer, K. R., Summerfield, A. B., & Wallbott, H. G. (1983). Cross-national research on antecedents and components of emotion: A progress report. Social Science Information, 22(3), 355–385. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901883022003002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiller, D., Yu, A. N. C., Alia-Klein, N., Becker, S., Cromwell, H. C., Dolcos, F., Eslinger, P. J., Frewen, P., Kemp, A. H., Pace-Schott, E., Raber, J., Silton, R. L., Stefanova, E., Williams, J. H. G., Abe, N., Aghajani, M., Albrecht, F., Alexander, R., Anders, S., … Lowe, L. (2022). The Human Affectome [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9nu32Google Scholar
Sheppes, G. (2020). Transcending the “good & bad” and “here & now” in emotion regulation: Costs and benefits of strategies across regulatory stages. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 61, 185–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2019.09.003Google Scholar
Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Skuban, E. M., Oland, A. A., & Kovacs, M. (2006). Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01440.xGoogle Scholar
Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2022). What is an emotion? A connectionist perspective. Emotion Review, 14(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/17540739221082203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamir, M. (2016). Why do people regulate their emotions? A taxonomy of motives in emotion regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(3), 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315586325Google Scholar
Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2013). A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychological Science, 24(12), 2505–2514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613496434Google Scholar
Uusberg, A., Suri, G., Dweck, C., & Gross, J. J. (2019). Motivation: A valuation systems perspective. In Neta, M. & Haas, I. J. (Eds.), Emotion in the mind and body: Vol. 66 (pp. 161–192). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27473-3_6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waldinger, R. J., & Schulz, M. S. (2016). The long reach of nurturing family environments: Links with midlife emotion-regulatory styles and late-life security in intimate relationships. Psychological Science, 27(11), 1443–1450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616661556CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, W. C., Morelli, S. A., Ong, D. C., & Zaki, J. (2018). Interpersonal emotion regulation: Implications for affiliation, perceived support, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(2), 224–254. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000132CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zaki, J. (2020). Integrating empathy and interpersonal emotion regulation. Annual Review of Psychology, 71(1), 517–540. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050830CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zaki, J., & Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13(5), 803–810. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033839Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×