Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:55:51.727Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

II - Fixation and Insight

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 May 2024

Carola Salvi
Affiliation:
John Cabot University, Rome
Jennifer Wiley
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Chicago
Steven M. Smith
Affiliation:
Texas A & M University
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Anderson, M. C. (2005). The role of inhibitory control in forgetting unwanted memories: A consideration of three methods. In Ohta, N, MacLeod, C. M, & Uttl, B (Eds.), Dynamic cognitive processes (pp. 159189). Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1994). Remembering can cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics in long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(5), 10631087. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.20.5.1063.Google ScholarPubMed
Anderson, M. C., & Green, C. (2001). Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control. Nature, 410(March), 366369. https://doi.org/10.1038/35066572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, M. C., & Hanslmayr, S. (2014). Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 279282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, M. C., Ochsner, K. N., Kuhl, B. A., et al. (2004). Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories. Science, 303(5655), 232235. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angello, G. M., Storm, B. C., & Smith, S. M. (2015). Overcoming fixation with repeated memory suppression. Memory, 23(3), 381389. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.889167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aron, A. R., Robbins, T. W., & Poldrack, R. A. (2014). Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: one decade on. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(4), 177185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baird, B., Smallwood, J., Mrazek, M. D., et al. (2012). Inspired by distraction: Mind wandering facilitates creative incubation. Psychological Science, 23(10), 11171122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612446024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Becker, M., Sommer, T., & Kühn, S. (2020). Inferior frontal gyrus involvement during search and solution in verbal creative problem solving: A parametric fMRI study. NeuroImage, 206, 116294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beda, Z. (2021). The forgetting fixation account of creative incubation (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University).Google Scholar
Beda, Z., & Smith, S. M. (2018). Chasing red herrings: Memory of distractors causes fixation in creative problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 46(5), 671684. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0799-3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bjork, R. A. (1970). Positive forgetting: The noninterference of Items intentionally forgotten. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9(3), 255268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80059-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjork, R. A., LaBerge, D., & Legrand, R. (1968). The modification of short-term memory through instructions to forget. Psychonomic Science, 10(2), 5556. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03331404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, G. H. (1972). Perceptual groups as coding units in immediate memory. Psychonomic Science, 27(4), 217219. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03328942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caravona, L., & Macchi, L. (2022). Different incubation tasks in insight problem solving: evidence for unconscious analytic thought. Thinking & Reasoning, 29(4), 559593. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2022.2096694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang, N. C., & Chen, M. L. (2017). Benefits of incubation on divergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 29(3), 282291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, H., & Smith, S. M. (2005). Incubation and the resolution of tip-of-the-tongue states. Journal of General Psychology, 132(4), 365376. https://doi.org/10.3200/GENP.132.4.365-376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Depue, B. E., Orr, J. M., Smolker, H. R., Naaz, F., & Banich, M. T. (2015). The organization of right prefrontal networks reveals common mechanisms of inhibitory regulation across cognitive, emotional, and motor processes. Cerebral Cortex, 26(4), 16341646. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dijksterhuis, A., & Nordgren, L. F. (2006). A theory of unconscious thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 95109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00007.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodds, R. A., Smith, S. M., & Ward, T. B. (2002). The use of environmental clues during incubation. Creativity Research Journal, 14(3–4), 287304. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326934CRJ1434_1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dominowski, R. L., & Jenrick, R. (1972). Effects of hints and interpolated activity on solution of an insight problem. Psychonomic Science, 26(6), 335338. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03328636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreistadt, R. (1969). The use of analogies and incubation in obtaining insights in creative problem solving. The Journal of Psychology, 71(2), 159175. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1969.10543082.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estes, W. K. (1955). Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression. Psychological Review, 62(3), 145154. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, E., Ponce, P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2021). Active or inert? An experimental comparison of creative ideation across incubation periods. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 55(1), 514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulgosi, A., & Guilford, J. P. (1968). Short-term incubation in divergent production. The American Journal of Psychology, 81(2), 241246. https://doi.org/10.2307/1421269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fulgosi, A., & Guilford, J. P. (1972). A further investigation of short-term incubation. Acta Instituti Psychologici, 64–73, 6770.Google Scholar
Gall, M., & Mendelsohn, G. A. (1967). Effects of facilitating techniques and subject-experimenter interaction on creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(2), 211216. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7, 155170.Google Scholar
Gick, M. L., & Holyoak, K. J. (1983). Schema induced and analogical transfer. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenberg, A. M. (1979). Component-levels theory of the effects of spacing of repetitions on recall and recognition. Memory & Cognition, 7(2), 95112. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03197590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guo, Y., Schmitz, T. W., Mur, M., Ferreira, C. S., & Anderson, M. C. (2018). A supramodal role of the basal ganglia in memory and motor inhibition: Meta-analytic evidence. Neuropsychologia, 108, 117134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernandez, N. V., Shah, J. J., & Smith, S. M. (2010). Understanding design ideation mechanisms through multilevel aligned empirical studies. Design Studies, 31(4), 382410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansson, D. G., & Smith, S. M. (1991). Design fixation. Design Studies, 12(1), 311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, C. A. (1990). Hatching a theory of incubation: Does putting a problem aside really help? If so, why? Doctoral dissertation, Carnegie-Mellon University.Google Scholar
Kaplan, C. A., & Simon, H. A. (1990). In search of insight. Cognitive Psychology, 22(3), 374419. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(90)90008-R.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, N. W., & Smith, S. M. (2009). Partly versus completely out of your mind: Effects of incubation and distraction on resolving fixation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 43(2), 102118. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01309.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, N. W., & Smith, S. M. (2011). Collaborative fixation: Effects of others’ ideas on brainstorming. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 359371. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppel, R. H., & Storm, B. C. (2012). Unblocking memory through directed forgetting. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24, 901907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhl, B. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Kahn, I., & Wagner, A. D. (2007). Decreased demands on cognitive control reveal the neural processing benefits of forgetting. Nature Neuroscience, 10(7), 908914. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, J. G., Akinola, M., & Mason, M. F. (2017). “Switching On” creativity: Task switching can increase creativity by reducing cognitive fixation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 139, 6375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.01.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maier, N. R. F. (1931). Reasoning in humans. II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 12(2), 181194. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mednick, M. T., Mednick, S. A., & Mednick, E. V. (1964). Incubation of creative performance and specific associative priming. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69(1), 8488. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045994.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metcalfe, J. (1986). Premonitions of insight predict impending error. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(4), 623634. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.4.623.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. G., McCarthy, S. W., & Molony, J. M. (2017). The experience of insight follows incubation in the compound remote associates task. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(2), 180187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, J., Kotovsky, K., & Cagan, J. (2007). The influence of open goals on the acquisition of problem-relevant information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(5), 876891. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.5.876.Google ScholarPubMed
Moss, J., Kotovsky, K., & Cagan, J. (2011). The effect of incidental hints when problems are suspended before, during, or after an impasse. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(1), 140148. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021206.Google ScholarPubMed
Murray, H. G., & Denny, J. P. (1969). Interaction of ability level and interpolated activity (opportunity for incubation) in human problem solving. Psychological Reports, 24(1), 271276. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1969.24.1.271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olton, R. M. (1979). Experimental studies of incubation: Searching for the elusive. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 13(1), 922. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1979.tb00185.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olton, R. M., & Johnson, D. M. (1976). Mechanisms of incubation in creative problem solving. The American Journal of Psychology, 89(4), 617630. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1421461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ovington, L. A., Saliba, A. J., Moran, C. C., Goldring, J., & MacDonald, J. B. (2018). Do people really have insights in the shower? The when, where and who of the Aha! moment. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 52(1), 2134. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, S. (1926). The influence of context upon learning and recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 9(6), 468491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patalano, A. L., & Seifert, C. M. (1994). Memory for impasses during problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 22(2), 234242. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208894.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patalano, A. L., & Seifert, C. M. (1997). Opportunistic planning: Being reminded of pending goals. Cognitive Psychology, 34(1), 136. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1997.0655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterson, C. (1974). Incubation effects in anagram solution. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 3(1), 2930. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03333382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rummel, J., Iwan, F., Steindorf, L., & Danek, A. H. (2021). The role of attention for insight problem solving: effects of mindless and mindful incubation periods. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 33(6–7), 757769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salvi, C., Simoncini, C., Grafman, J., & Beeman, M. (2020). Oculometric signature of switch into awareness? Pupil size predicts sudden insight whereas microsaccades predict problem-solving via analysis. NeuroImage, 217, 116933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116933.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schooler, J. W., & Melcher, J. (1995). The ineffability of insight. In Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Finke, R. A. (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 97133). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. L. (1975). Effect of incubation on the associative process of creativity. University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Seifert, C. M., Meyer, D. E., Davidson, N., Patalano, A. L., & Yaniv, I. (1995). Demystification of cognitive insight: Opportunistic assimilation and the prepared-mind perspective. In Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.), The nature of insight (pp. 65124). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Shah, J. J., Smith, S. M., & Vargas-Hernandez, N. (2003). Metrics for measuring ideation effectiveness. Design Studies, 24(2), 111134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(02)00034-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sio, U. N., Kotovsky, K., & Cagan, J. (2017). Interrupted: The roles of distributed effort and incubation in preventing fixation and generating problem solutions. Memory & Cognition, 45(4), 553565. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0684-x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 94120. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M. (1979). Remembering in and out of context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 5(5), 460471. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.5.5.460.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M. (2017). Those insidious proxies and other comments on De Houwer et al.’s “Psychological engineering: A functional-cognitive perspective on applied psychology.” Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(1), 4042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2016.11.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Beda, Z. (2019). Metacognition of impasse resolution. [Unpublished study].Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Beda, Z. (2020a). Blocked and recovered memories. In Schwartz, B. L. & Cleary, E. (Eds.), Memory quirks: The study of odd phenomena in memory (pp. 6382). Routledge Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Beda, Z. (2020b). Old problems in new contexts: The context-dependent fixation hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(1), 192197. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Beda, Z. (2020c). Forgetting fixation with context change. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 9(1), 1923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2019.12.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1989). Incubation effects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27(4), 311314. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03334612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1991). Incubation and the persistence of fixation in problem solving. The American Journal of Psychology, 104(1), 6187. https://doi.org/10.2307/1422851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., & Angello, G. (2017). Alternating incubation effects in the generation of category exemplars. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(2), 95106 https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., Glenberg, A. M., & Bjork, R. A. (1978). Environmental context and human memory. Memory & Cognition, 6(4), 342353. https://doi.org/10.3758/Bf03197465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Handy, J. D. (2014). Effects of varied and constant environmental contexts on acquisition and retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(6), 15821593. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000019.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Handy, J. D. (2016). The crutch of context-dependency: Effects of contextual support and constancy on acquisition and retention. Memory, 24(8), 11341141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Mansharamani, S. (2021). Hint Blindness: Can’t take a hint? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Manzano, I. (2010). Video context-dependent recall. Behavior Research Methods, 42(1), 292301. https://doi.org/10.3758/brm.42.1.292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., Sifonis, C. M., & Angello, G. M. (2012). Clue insensitivity in remote associates test problem solving. The Journal of Problem Solving, 4(2), 128149. https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Tindell, D. R. (1997). Memory blocks in word fragment completion caused by involuntary retrieval of orthographically related primes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(2), 355370. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.23.2.355.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Vela, E. (1991). Incubated reminiscence effects. Memory & Cognition, 19(2), 168176. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Vela, E. (2001). Environmental context-dependent memory: A review and meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(2), 203220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Ward, T. B. (2012). Cognition and the creation of ideas. In Holyoak, K. J. & Morrison, R. (Eds.), Oxford handbook of thinking and reasoning (pp. 456474). Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Schumacher, J. S. (1993). Constraining effects of examples in acreative generation task. Memory & Cognition, 21(6), 837845. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03202751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., Tindell, D. R., Sifonis, C. M., & Wilkenfeld, M. J. (2000). Category structure and created memories. Memory & Cognition, 28(3), 386395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steindorf, L., Hammerton, H. A., & Rummel, J. (2021). Mind wandering outside the box – about the role of off-task thoughts and their assessment during creative incubation. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 15(4), 584–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, B. C., & Angello, G. M. (2010). Overcoming fixation. Psychological Science, 21(9), 12631265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610379864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storm, B. C., Angello, G. M., & Bjork, E. L. (2011). Thinking can cause forgetting: Memory dynamics in creative problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(5), 12871293. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023921.Google ScholarPubMed
Storm, B. C., & Koppel, R. H. (2012). Testing the cue dependence of problem-solving-induced forgetting. The Journal of Problem Solving, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thakral, P. P., Barberio, N. M., Devitt, A. L., & Schacter, D. L. (2022). Constructive episodic retrieval processes underlying memory distortion contribute to creative thinking and everyday problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 51, 11251140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Helmholtz, H. (1896). Vorträge und Reden Vol. 1 (4th ed.). Vieweg.Google Scholar
Vul, E., & Pashler, H. (2007). Incubation benefits only after people have been misdirected. Memory & Cognition, 35(4), 701710. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. In The Sewanee Review (Vol. 35). J. Cape.Google Scholar
Ward, T. B. (1994). Structured imagination: The role of category structure in exemplar generation. Cognitive Psychology, 27(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.1037/e665402011-365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiley, J. (1998). Expertise as mental set: The effects of domain knowledge in creative problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 26(4), 716730. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03211392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkenfeld, M. J., & Ward, T. B. (2001). Similarity and emergence in conceptual combination. Journal of Memory and Language, 45(1), 2138. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodworth, R. S., & Schlosberg, H. (1954). Experimental psychology (rev. ed.). Holt.Google Scholar
Yamaoka, A., & Yukawa, S. (2020). Does mind wandering during the thought incubation period improve creativity and worsen mood? Psychological Reports, 123(5), 17851800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, T., & Wu, G. (2022). Spontaneous or deliberate: The dual influence of mind wandering on creative incubation. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 56, 584600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, X., Zhai, H. K., Delidabieke, B., et al. (2019). Exposure to ideas, evaluation apprehension, and incubation intervals in collaborative idea generation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Aiello, D. A., Jarosz, A. F., Cushen, P. J., & Wiley, J. (2012). Firing the executive: When an analytic approach to problem solving helps and hurts. The Journal of Problem Solving, 4, Article 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. R. (1983). A spreading activation theory of memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(3), 261295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, M. C. (2003). Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, 415445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, M. C., & Spellman, B. A. (1995). On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case. Psychological Review, 102, 68100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ansburg, P. I. (2000). Individual differences in problem solving via insight. Current Psychology, 19, 143146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ansburg, P. L., & Hill, K. (2003). Creative and analytic thinkers differ in their use of attentional resources. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 11411152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedek, M., Franz, F., Heene, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2012). Differential effects of cognitive inhibition and intelligence on creativity. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 480485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedek, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2013). Revisiting Mednick’s model on creativity‐related differences in associative hierarchies. Evidence for a common path to uncommon thought. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47, 273289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucher, L., Palmeri, T. J., Logan, G. D., & Schall, J. D. (2007). Inhibitory control in mind and brain: An interactive race model of countermanding saccades. Psychological Review, 114, 376397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, E. M., & Jung-Beeman, M. (2003). Normative data for 144 compound remote associate problems. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35(4), 634639. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burch, G. S. J. , Pavelis, C. , Hemsley, D. R. , & Corr, P. J. (2006). Schizotypy and creativity in visual artists. British Journal of Psychology, 97(2), 177190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, D. T. (1960). Blind variation and selective retention in creative thought as in other knowledge processes. Psychological Review, 67, 380400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2003). Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 499506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, J., & Schunn, C. D. (2015). The importance of iteration in creative conceptual combination. Cognition, 145, 104115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chein, J. M., & Weisberg, R. W. (2014). Working memory and insight in verbal problems: Analysis of compound remote associates. Memory & Cognition, 42, 6783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrysikou, E. G., Hamilton, R. H., Coslett, H. B., et al. (2013). Noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex facilitates cognitive flexibility in tool use. Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 8189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chuderski, A., & Jastrzębski, J. (2018). Much ado about Aha!: Insight problem solving is strongly related to working memory capacity and reasoning ability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147, 257281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity. Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Cunningham, J. B., MacGregor, J. N., Gibb, J., & Haar, J. (2009). Categories of insight and their correlates: An exploration of relationships among classic‐type insight problems, rebus puzzles, remote associates and esoteric analogies. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 43, 262280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushen, P. J., & Wiley, J. (2018). Both attentional control and the ability to make remote associations aid spontaneous analogical transfer. Memory & Cognition, 46, 13981412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dempster, F. N., & Brainerd, C. J. (Eds.). (1995). Interference and inhibition in cognition. Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ditta, A. S., & Storm, B. C. (2018). A consideration of the seven sins of memory in the context of creative cognition. Creativity Research Journal, 30, 402417.Google Scholar
Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving (L. S. Lees, Trans.). Psychological Monographs, 58(5), i113. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, D. M., & Brewer, G. A. (2018). Aiding the search: Examining individual differences in multiply-constrained problem solving. Consciousness and Cognition, 62, 2133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, D. M., Robison, M. K., & Brewer, G. A. (2021). The cognitive underpinnings of multiply-constrained problem solving. Journal of Intelligence, 9, 7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eysenck, H. (1995). Genius: The natural history of creativity. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finke, R. A., Ward, T. B., & Smith, S. M. (1992). Creative cognition: Theory, research, and applications. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 101135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, T., & Wiley, J. (2016). Forgetting the literal: The role of inhibition in metaphor comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42, 13241330.Google ScholarPubMed
George, T., Wiley, J., Koppel, R. H., & Storm, B. C. (2017). Constraining or constructive? The effects of examples on idea novelty. Journal of Creative Behavior, 53, 396403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golden, C. J. (1975). The measurement of creativity by the Stroop color and word test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 39, 502506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gómez-Ariza, C. J., Del Prete, F., Prieto del Val, L., et al. (2017). Memory inhibition as a critical factor preventing creative problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43, 986996.Google ScholarPubMed
Green, M. J., & Williams, L. M. (1999). Schizotypy and creativity as effects of reduced cognitive inhibition. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 263276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groborz, M., & Nęcka, E. (2003). Creativity and cognitive control: Explorations of generation and evaluation skills. Creativity Research Journal, 15, 183197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1987). Creativity research: Past, present and future. In Isaksen, S. G. (Ed.), Frontiers of creativity research: Beyond the basics (pp. 3365). Bearly Ltd.Google Scholar
Gupta, N., Jang, Y., Mednick, S. C., & Huber, D. E. (2012). The road not taken: Creative solutions require avoidance of high-frequency responses. Psychological Science, 23, 288294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarosz, A. F., Colflesh, G. J., & Wiley, J. (2012). Uncorking the muse: Alcohol intoxication facilitates creative problem solving. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(1), 487493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.01.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohn, N. W., & Smith, S. M. (2009). Partly versus completely out of your mind: Effects of incubation and distraction on resolving fixation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 43(2), 102118. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01309.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppel, R. H., & Storm, B. C. (2014). Escaping mental fixation: Incubation and inhibition in creative problem solving. Memory, 22, 340348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramer, A. F., Humphrey, D. G., Larish, J. F., Logan, G. D., & Strayer, D. L. (1994). Aging and inhibition: Beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention. Psychology & Aging, 9, 491512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, C. S., Huggins, A. C., & Therriault, D. J. (2014). A measure of creativity or intelligence? Examining internal and external structure validity evidence of the Remote Associates Test. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8, 446460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C. S., & Therriault, D. J. (2013). The cognitive underpinnings of creative thought: A latent variable analysis exploring the roles of intelligence and working memory in three creative thinking processes. Intelligence, 41, 306320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logan, G. D., & Cowan, W. B. (1984). On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A theory of an act of control. Psychological Review, 91, 295327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logan, G. D., Schachar, R. J., & Tannock, R. (1997). Impulsivity and inhibitory control. Psychological Science, 8, 6064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luchins, A. S. (1942). Memorization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. Psychological Monographs, 54, i95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maier, N. R. F. (1931). Reasoning in humans: II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 12, 181194. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martindale, C. (1999). Biological bases of creativity. In Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 137152). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of the creative problem solving process. Psychological Review, 69, 200232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, R. G., McCarthy, S. W., & Molony, J. M. (2017). The experience of insight follows incubation in the compound remote associates task. Journal of Creative Behavior, 51, 180187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nam, J., & Lee, C. H. (2015). The immediate incubation effect on creative problem solving: Using the remote association task. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychological Sciences, 58, 98113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K., Rietzschel, E. F., & Baas, M. (2010). The dual pathway to creativity model: Creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1), 3477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penaloza, A. A., & Calvillo, D. P. (2012). Incubation provides relief from artificial fixation in problem solving. Creativity Research Journal, 24(4), 338344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radel, R., Davranche, K., Fournier, M., & Dietrich, A. (2015). The role of (dis) inhibition in creativity: Decreased inhibition improves idea generation. Cognition, 134, 110120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ricks, T. R., Turley-Ames, K. J., & Wiley, J. (2007). Effects of working memory capacity on mental set due to domain knowledge. Memory & Cognition, 35, 14561462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Runco, M. A., & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The standard definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 24, 9296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schachar, R., & Logan, G. D. (1990). Are hyperactive children deficient in attentional capacity? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 493513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schilling, C. J., Storm, B. C., & Anderson, M. C. (2014). Examining the costs and benefits of inhibition in memory retrieval. Cognition, 133, 358370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schooler, J. W., & Melcher, J. (1995). The ineffability of insight. In Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Finke, R. A. (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 97133). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Simonton, D. K. (2012). Taking the US patent office criteria seriously: A quantitative three-criterion creativity definition and its implications. Creativity Research Journal, 25, 97106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sio, U. N., Kotovsky, K., & Cagan, J. (2017). Interrupted: The roles of distributed effort and incubation in preventing fixation and generating problem solutions. Memory & Cognition, 45, 553565. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0684-x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 94120. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M. (1995). Fixation, incubation, and insight in memory and creative thinking. In Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Finke, R. A. (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 135146). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M. (2003). The constraining effects of initial ideas. In Paulus, P. & Nijstad, B. (Eds.) Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Beda, Z. (2020). Old problems in new contexts: The context-dependent fixation hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149, 192197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1989). Incubation effects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27(4), 311314. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03334612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1991). Incubation and the persistence of fixation in problem solving. The American Journal of Psychology, 104(1), 6187. https://doi.org/10.2307/1422851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Linsey, J. (2011). A three-pronged approach for overcoming design fixation. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 45, 8391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Finke, R. A. (1995). The creative cognition approach. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Schumacher, J. S. (1993). Constraining effects of examples in a creative generation task. Memory & Cognition, 21(6), 837845. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03202751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, B. C. (November, 2020). Forgetting as a mechanism for overcoming fixation in creative problem solving. Spoken presentation at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society.Google Scholar
Storm, B.C., & Angello, G. (2010). Overcoming fixation: Creative problem solving and retrieval-induced forgetting. Psychological Science, 21, 12631265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storm, B. C., Angello, G. M., & Bjork, E. L. (2011). Thinking can cause forgetting: memory dynamics in creative problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(5), 12871293. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023921.Google ScholarPubMed
Storm, B. C., Bjork, E. L., Bjork, R. A., & Nestojko, J. F. (2006). Is retrieval success a necessary condition for retrieval-induced forgetting? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 10231027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storm, B. C., Ditta, A. S., & George, T. (2020). Memory. In Runco, M. & Pritzker, S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity (3rd ed., pp. 116120). Elsevier/Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, B. C., & Koppel, R. H. (2012). Testing the cue dependence of problem-solving-induced forgetting. The Journal of Problem Solving, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, B. C., & Levy, B. J. (2012). A progress report on the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 40, 827843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storm, B. C., & Patel, T. M. (2014). Forgetting as a consequence and enabler of creative thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 15941609. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000006Google ScholarPubMed
Verbruggen, F., Liefooghe, B., & Vandierendonck, A. (2004). The interaction between stop signal inhibition and distractor interference in the flanker and Stroop task. Acta Psychologica, 116, 2137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verbruggen, F., Logan, G. D., & Stevens, M. A. (2008). STOP‐IT: Windows executable software for the stop-signal paradigm. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 479483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vul, E., & Pashler, H. (2007). Incubation benefits only after people have been misdirected. Memory & Cognition, 35, 701710. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, H. A., & Shah, P. (2006). Uninhibited imaginations: Creativity in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 11211131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiley, J. (1998). Expertise as a mental set: The effects of domain knowledge in creative problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 26(4), 716730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, B. R., Ponesse, J. S., Schachar, R. J., Logan, G. D., & Tannock, R. (1999). Development of inhibitory control across the life span. Developmental Psychology, 35, 205213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, C. L., Huang, S. Y., Chen, P. Z., & Chen, H. C. (2020). A systematic review of creativity-related studies applying the remote associates test from 2000 to 2019. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 573432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zmigrod, S., Zmigrod, L., & Hommel, B. (2019). The relevance of the irrelevant: Attentional distractor-response binding predicts performance in the remote associates task. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 13, 1523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Adamson, R. E. (1952). Functional fixedness as related to problem solving: A repetition of three experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44(4), 288291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ash, I. K., & Wiley, J. (2006). The nature of restructuring in insight: An individual-differences approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 6673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aslan, A. , & Bäuml, K.-H. T. (2011). Individual differences in working memory capacity predict retrieval-induced forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(1), 264269.Google ScholarPubMed
Beilock, S. L., & DeCaro, M. S. (2007). From poor performance to success under stress: Working memory, strategy selection, and mathematical problem solving under pressure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(6), 983998.Google ScholarPubMed
Benedek, M., Panzierer, L., Jauk, E., & Neubauer, A. C. (2017). Creativity on tap? Effects of alcohol intoxication on creative cognition. Consciousness and Cognition, 56, 128134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bilalić, M., McLeod, P., & Gobet, F. (2010). The mechanism of the Einstellung (set) effect: A pervasive source of cognitive bias. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(2), 111115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, E. M., & Beeman, M. J. (1998). Getting the right idea: Semantic activation in the right hemisphere may help solve insight problems. Psychological Science, 9(6), 435440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewin, C. R., & Beaton, A. (2002). Thought suppression, intelligence, and working memory capacity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 923930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadway, J. M., & Engle, R. W. (2010). Validating running memory span: Measurement of working memory capacity and links with fluid intelligence. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 563570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chein, J. M., Weisberg, R. W., Streeter, N. L., & Kwok, S. (2010). Working memory and insight in the nine-dot problem. Memory & Cognition, 38(7), 883892CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrysikou, E. G., & Weisberg, R. W. (2005). Following the wrong footsteps: Fixation effects of pictorial examples in a design problem-solving task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 11341148.Google Scholar
Colflesh, G. J., & Conway, A. R. (2007). Individual differences in working memory capacity and divided attention in dichotic listening. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(4), 699703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conway, A. R., Kane, M. J., Bunting, M. F., et al. (2005). Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(5), 769786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeCaro, M. S., Van Stockum Jr., C. A., & Wieth, M. B. (2016). When higher working memory capacity hinders insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(1), 3949.Google ScholarPubMed
Delaney, P. F., & Sahakyan, L. (2007). Unexpected costs of high working memory capacity following directed forgetting and contextual change manipulations. Memory & Cognition, 35, 10741082.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeYoung, C. G., Flanders, J. L., & Peterson, J. B. (2008). Cognitive abilities involved in insight problem solving: An individual differences model. Creativity Research Journal, 20, 278290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving (L. S. Lees, Trans.). Psychological Monographs, 58(5), i113. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dygert, S. K. C., & Jarosz, A. F. (2020). Individual differences in creative cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(7), 12491274. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, D. M., & Brewer, G. A. (2018). Aiding the search: Examining individual differences in multiply-constrained problem solving. Consciousness and Cognition, 62, 2133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, T., & Wiley, J. (2020). Need something different? Here’s what’s been done: Effects of examples and task instructions on creative idea generation. Memory & Cognition, 48(2), 226243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, W. A., & Goldinger, S. D. (2009). Taboo: Working memory and mental control in an interactive task. The American Journal of Psychology, 122(3), 283291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasher, L., Lustig, C., & Zacks, R. (2007). Inhibitory mechanisms and the control of attention. In Conway, A., Jarrold, C., Kane, M., Miyake, A., & Towse, J. (Eds.), Variation in working memory (pp. 653675). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jansson, D. G., & Smith, S. M. (1991). Design fixation. Design Studies, 12(1), 311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarosz, A. F., Colflesh, G. J., & Wiley, J. (2012). Uncorking the muse: Alcohol intoxication facilitates creative problem solving. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(1), 487493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.01.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: The contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 4770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, S., Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (2007). Aging and a benefit of distractibility. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(2), 301305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, N. W., & Smith, S. M. (2009). Partly versus completely out of your mind: Effects of incubation and distraction on resolving fixation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 43(2), 102118. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2009.tb01309.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, N. W., & Smith, S. M. (2011). Collaborative fixation: Effects of others’ ideas on brainstorming. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 359371. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppel, R. H., & Storm, B. C. (2012). Unblocking memory through directed forgetting. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24, 901907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppel, R. H., & Storm, B. C. (2014). Escaping mental fixation: Incubation and inhibition in creative problem solving. Memory, 22, 340348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landau, J. D., & Leynes, P. A. (2006). Do explicit memory manipulations affect the memory blocking effect? American Journal of Psychology, 119, 463479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Logan, J. M., & Balota, D. A. (2003). Conscious and unconscious lexical retrieval blocking in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 18, 537550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luchins, A. S., & Luchins, E. H. (1959). Rigidity of behaviour: A variational approach to the effect of Einstellung. University of Oregon Books.Google Scholar
Lv, K. (2015). The involvement of working memory and inhibition functions in different phases of insight problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 1, 114.Google Scholar
Maier, N. R. F. (1931). Reasoning in humans: II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 12, 181194. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mall, J. T., & Morey, C. C. (2013). High working memory capacity predicts less retrieval induced forgetting. PLoS One, 8, e52806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marsh, R. L., Ward, T. B., & Landau, J. D. (1999). The inadvertent use of prior knowledge in a generative cognitive task. Memory & Cognition, 27, 94105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, C. P. (1999). Synchrony effects in cognition: The costs and a benefit. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6(1), 142147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mednick, S. (1962). The associative basis of the creative problem solving process. Psychological Review, 69(3), 200232. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mielicki, M. K., Koppel, R. H., Valencia, G., & Wiley, J. (2018). Measuring working memory capacity with the letter–number sequencing task: Advantages of visual administration. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 32(6), 805814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyake, A., & Friedman, N. P. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 814.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Purcell, A. T., & Gero, J. S. (1996). Design and other types of fixation or is fixation always incompatible with innovation? Design Studies, 17, 363383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, H. J., & Israel, H. E. (1935). An investigation of the establishment and operation of mental sets. Psychological Monographs, 46(6), 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reverberi, C., Toraldo, A., D’Agostini, S., & Skrap, M. (2005). Better without (lateral) frontal cortex? Insight problems solved by frontal patients. Brain, 128(12), 28822890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ricks, T. R., Turley-Ames, K. J., & Wiley, J. (2007). Effects of working memory capacity on mental set due to domain knowledge. Memory & Cognition, 35, 14561462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, V. M., & Engle, R. W. (1997). The role of working memory capacity in retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, 211227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seifert, C. M., Meyer, D. E., Davidson, N., Patalano, A. L., & Yaniv, I. (1995). Demystification of cognitive insight: Opportunistic assimilation and the prepared-mind perspective. In Sternberg, R. J. & Davidson, J. E. (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 65124). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Sheridan, H., & Reingold, E. M. (2013). The mechanisms and boundary conditions of the Einstellung effect in chess: Evidence from eye movements. PloS one, 8(10), e75796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2015). Incubation and cueing effects in problem-solving: Set aside the difficult problems but focus on the easy ones. Thinking & Reasoning, 21(1), 113129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M. (1995). Getting into and out of mental ruts: A theory of fixation, incubation, and insight. In Sternberg, R. & Davidson, J. (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 121149), MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Beda, Z. (2020). Old problems in new contexts: The context-dependent fixation hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(1), 192197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., Beda, Z., & Hernandez, A. (2020). Entrenchment: Effects of multiple red herrings on memory blocks in word fragment completion. Memory, 28(6), 830836.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1989). Incubation effects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27(4), 311314. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03334612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1991). Incubation and the persistence of fixation in problem solving. The American Journal of Psychology, 104(1), 6187. https://doi.org/10.2307/1422851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Tindell, D. R. (1997). Memory blocks in word fragment completion caused by involuntary retrieval of orthographically related primes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 355370.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Schumacher, J. S. (1993). Constraining effects of examples in a creative generation task. Memory & Cognition, 21(6), 837845. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03202751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, B. C., & Angello, G. (2010). Overcoming fixation: Creative problem solving and retrieval-induced forgetting. Psychological Science, 21, 12631265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storm, B. C., & Koppel, R. H. (2012). Testing the cue dependence of problem-solving-induced forgetting. The Journal of Problem Solving, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tempel, T., & Frings, C. (2019). Directed forgetting in problem solving. Acta Psychologica, 201, 102955.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toma, M., Halpern, D. F., & Berger, D. E. (2014). Cognitive abilities of elite nationally ranked SCRABBLE and crossword experts. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 727737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unsworth, N., Brewer, G. A., & Spillers, G. J. (2013). Working memory capacity and retrieval from long-term memory: The role of controlled search. Memory & Cognition, 41(2), 242254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2007). On the division of short-term and working memory: An examination of simple and complex span and their relation to higher order abilities. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 10381066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unsworth, N., Redick, T. S., Spillers, G. J., & Brewer, G. A. (2012). Variation in working memory capacity and cognitive control: Goal maintenance and microadjustments of control. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(2), 326355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Stockum Jr., C. A., & DeCaro, M. S. (2020). When working memory mechanisms compete: Predicting cognitive flexibility versus mental set. Cognition, 201, 104313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vul, E., & Pashler, H. (2007). Incubation benefits only after people have been misdirected. Memory & Cognition, 35(4), 701710. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, T. B. (1994). Structured imagination: The role of category structure in exemplar generation. Cognitive Psychology, 27, 140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, J. M., Bunting, M. F., Poole, B. J., & Conway, A. R. A. (2005). Individual differences in susceptibility to false memory in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(1), 7685.Google Scholar
Wieth, M. B., & Zacks, R. T. (2011). Time of day effects on problem solving: When the non-optimal is optimal. Thinking & Reasoning, 17(4), 387401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiley, J. (1998). Expertise as a mental set: The effects of domain knowledge in creative problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 26(4), 716730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiley, J., & Jarosz, A. F. (2012). Working memory capacity, attentional focus, and problem solving. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(4), 258262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412447622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodworth, S., & Schlosberg, H. (1954). Experimental psychology (rev. ed.). Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.Google Scholar

References

Adams, J. L. (1974). Conceptual blockbusting. Freeman.Google Scholar
Adams, L. T., Kasserman, J. E., Yearwood, A. A., et al. (1988). Memory access: The effects of fact-oriented versus problem-oriented acquisition. Memory & Cognition, 16, 167175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ash, I. K., & Wiley, J. (2006). The nature of restructuring in insight: An individual-differences approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 6673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baird, B., Smallwood, J., Mrazek, M. D., et al. (2012). Inspired by distraction: Mind wandering facilitates creative incubation. Psychological Science, 23(10), 11171122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612446024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaty, R. E., Benedek, M., Silvia, P. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2016). Creative cognition and brain network dynamics. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(2), 8795.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowden, E. M. (1997). The effect of reportable and unreportable hints on anagram solution and the aha! experience. Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 545573. https://doi.org/10.1006/ccog.1997.0325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowden, E. M., & Beeman, M. J. (1998). Getting the right idea: Semantic activation in the right hemisphere may help solve insight problems. Psychological Science, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00082.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, E. M., & Jung-Beeman, M. (2003a). Aha! Insight experience correlates with solution activation in the right hemisphere. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10(3), 730737. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196539CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowden, E. M., & Jung-Beeman, M. (2003). Normative data for 144 compound remote associate problems. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 35, 634–639. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, E. M., Jung-Beeman, M., Fleck, J., & Kounios, J. (2005). New approaches to demystifying insight. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 322328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.05.012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowers, K. S., Regehr, G., Balthazard, C., & Parker, K. (1990). Intuition in the context of discovery. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 72110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandimonte, M. A., & Passolunghi, M. C. (1994). The effect of cue-familiarity, cue-distinctiveness, and retention interval on prospective remembering. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47(3), 565587.Google ScholarPubMed
Burnham, C. A., & Davis, K. G. (1969). The nine-dot problem: Beyond perceptual organization. Psychonomic Science, 17(6), 321323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, B. T., & Schunn, C. D. (2005). Spontaneous access and analogical incubation effects. Creativity Research Journal, 17(2--3), 207220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Getzels, J. W. (1971). Discovery-oriented behavior and the originality of creative products: A study with artists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 19(1), 4752. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031106CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Getzels, J. W. (1988.) Creativity and problem finding. In Farley, F. H. & Neperud, R. W. (Eds.), The foundations of aesthetics, art, and art education (pp. 91–106). Praeger.Google Scholar
Danek, A. H., & Salvi, C. (2020). Moment of truth: Why aha! experiences are correct. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(2), 484486. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danek, A. H., & Wiley, J. (2017). What about false insights? Deconstructing the Aha! experience along its multiple dimensions for correct and incorrect solutions separately. Frontiers in Psychology, 7:2077. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02077.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dodds, R. A., Smith, S. M., & Ward, T. B. (2002). The use of environmental clues during incubation. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 287304. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326934CRJ1434_1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorfman, J., Shames, V. A., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1996). Intuition, incubation, and insight: Implicit cognition in problem solving. Implicit cognition, 257296.Google Scholar
Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving (L. S. Lees, Trans.). Psychological Monographs, 58(5), i113. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Getzels, J. W. (1975). Problem-finding and the inventiveness of solutions. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 9(1), 1218. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1975.tb00552.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Getzels, J. W., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1976). The creative vision: A longitudinal study of problem finding in art. Wiley.Google Scholar
Gilhooly, K. J., & Murphy, P. (2005). Differentiating insight from non-insight problems. Thinking & Reasoning, 11(3), 279302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54(7), 493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1940). Human abilities. Psychological Review, 47(5), 367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5, 444454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammond, K. J., & Seifert, C. M. (1993). A cognitive science approach to casebased planning. In Chipman, S. & Meyrowitz, A. L. (Eds.), Foundations of knowledge acquisition: Cognitive models of complex learning (pp. 245267). Kluwer Academic Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, K. J., Converse, T. M., Marks, M., & Seifert, C. M. (1993). Opportunism and learning. Journal of Machine Learning, 10, 279310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, K. J., Seifert, C. M., & Gray, K. C. (1991). Functionality in analogical transfer: A hard match is good to find. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 1, 111152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansson, D. G., & Smith, S. M. (1991). Design fixation. Design Studies, 12(1), 311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarman, M. S. (2014). Quantifying the qualitative: Measuring the insight experience. Creativity Research Journal, 26(3), 276288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, H. M., & Seifert, C. M. (1992). The role of predictive features in retrieving analogical cases. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 648667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung-Beeman, M., Bowden, E. M., Haberman, J., et al. (2004). Neural activity when people solve verbal problems with insight. PLoS Biology, 2(4), e97. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020097.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, C. A., & Simon, H. A. (1990). In search of insight. Cognitive Psychology, 22(3), 374419. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(90)90008-R.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoblich, G., Ohlsson, S., Haider, H., & Rhenius, D. (1999). Constraint relaxation and chunk decomposition in insight problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25(6), 15341555. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.6.1534.Google Scholar
Köhler, W. (1917). Intelligenzprüfungen an Anthropoiden. Treatises of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Köhler, W. (1925/1976). The mentality of apes. Liveright.Google Scholar
Lachman, J., Lachman, R., Taylor, D., & Fowler, R. (1979). Question Answering-Updating Semantic Memory. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 14(4), 244–244).Google Scholar
Laukkonen, R., Schooler, J., & Tangen, J. M. (2023, July 8). The Eureka Heuristic: Relying on insight to appraise the quality of ideas. osf.io/pz3rh.Google Scholar
Laukkonen, R., Webb, M. E., Salvi, C., Tangen, J. M., & Schooler, J. (2018). Eureka Heuristics: How feelings of insight signal the quality of a new idea [preprint]. PsyArXiv, February 24. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ez3tn.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laukkonen, R., Webb, M. E., Salvi, C., Tangen, J. M., Slagter, H. A., & Schooler, J. (2023). Insight and the selection of ideas. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 153, 105363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105363CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, S. (2016). Broaden the mind before ideation: The effect of conceptual attention scope on creativity. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, 190200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lockhart, R., Lamon, M., & Gick, M. L. (1988). Conceptual transfer in simple insight problems. Memory & Cognition, 16(1), 3644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, J. G., Akinola, M., & Mason, M. F. (2017). “Switching On” creativity: Task switching can increase creativity by reducing cognitive fixation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 139, 6375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.01.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubart, T. I. (2001). Models of the creative process: Past, present and future. Creativity Research Journal, 13(3–4), 295308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacGregor, J. N., Ormerod, T. C., & Chronicle, E. P. (2001). Information processing and insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 176201.Google ScholarPubMed
Madjar, N., & Shalley, C. E. (2008). Multiple tasks’ and multiple goals’ effect on creativity: Forced incubation or just a distraction?. Journal of Management, 34(4), 786805.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madjar, N., Shalley, C. E., & Herndon, B. (2019). Taking time to incubate: The moderating role of “what you do” and “when you do it” on creative performance. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(3), 377388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maier, N. R. F. (1930). Reasoning in humans: I. On direction. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 10, 115143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maier, N. R. F. (1931). Reasoning in humans: II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 12, 181194. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsh, R. L., Hicks, J. L., & Landau, J. D. (1998). An investigation of everyday prospective memory. Memory & Cognition, 26(4), 633643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, R. E. (1992). Thinking, problem solving, cognition. WH Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co.Google Scholar
Mayer, R. E. (1995). The search for insight: Grappling with Gestalt Psychology’s unanswered questions. In Sternberg, R. J. & Davidson, J. E. (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 332). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Mednick, S. (1962). The associative basis of the creative problem solving process. Psychological Review, 69(3), 200232. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, J., Kotovsky, K., & Cagan, J. (2007). The influence of open goals on the acquisition of problem-relevant information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(5), 876891. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.5.876.Google ScholarPubMed
Moss, J., Kotovsky, K., & Cagan, J. (2011). The effect of incidental hints when problems are suspended before, during, or after an impasse. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(1), 140148. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021206.Google ScholarPubMed
Murray, J. K., Studer, J. A., Daly, S. R., McKilligan, S., & Seifert, C. M. (2019). Design by taking perspectives: How engineers explore problems. Journal of Engineering Education, 108, 248275. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jee.20263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needham, D. R., & Begg, I. M. (1991). Problem-oriented training promotes spontaneous analogical transfer: Memory-oriented training promotes memory for training. Memory & Cognition, 19, 543557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nisbett, R. E. (2015). Mindware: Tools for smart thinking. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Ohlsson, S. (1984a). Restructuring revisited: I. A summary and critique of the Gestalt theory of problem solving. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 25(1), 6578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.1984.tb01001.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohlsson, S. (1984b). Restructuring revisited: II. An information processing theory of restructuring and insight. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 25, 117129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.1984.tb01005.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohlsson, S. (1992). Information processing explanations of insight and related phenomena. In Keane, M. and Gilhooly, K. (Eds.), Advances in the Psychology of Thinking (Vol.1, pp. 144). Harvester-Wheatsheaf.Google Scholar
Ovington, L. A., Saliba, A. J., Moran, C. C., Goldring, J., & MacDonald, J. B. (2018). Do people really have insights in the shower? The when, where and who of the Aha! moment. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 52(1), 2134. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patalano, A. L., & Seifert, C. M. (1994). Memory for impasses in problem solving. Memory and Cognition, 22(2), 234242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patalano, A. L., & Seifert, C. M. (1997). Opportunistic planning: Being reminded of pending goals. Cognitive Psychology, 34, 136. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1997.0655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patalano, A. L., Seifert, C. M., & Hammond, K. J. (1993). Predictive encoding: Planning for opportunities. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1936). Origins of intelligence in the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Poincaré, H. (1908/2000). Mathematical creation. Resonance, 5(2), 8594. [Reprinted from Poincare, H. (1908). Science et Methode. Paris: Flammarion.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, S. M., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2014). Creativity – the unconscious foundations of the incubation period. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadler-Smith, E. (2015). Wallas’ four-stage model of the creative process: More than meets the eye? Creativity Research Journal, 27(4), 342352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savic, M. (2016). Mathematical problem-solving via Wallas’ four stages of creativity: Implications for the undergraduate classroom. The Mathematics Enthusiast, 13(3), 255278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1982). Dynamic memory: A theory of reminding and learning in computers and people. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1999). Dynamic memory revisited. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schank, , R., & Abelson, , R. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Scheerer, M. (1963). Problem-solving. Scientific American, 208(4), 118131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schooler, J. W., & Melcher, J. (1995). The ineffability of insight. In Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B., & Finke, R. A. (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 97133). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Segal, E. (2004). Incubation in insight problem solving. Creativity Research Journal, 16(1), 141148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seifert, C. M., & Patalano, A. L. (1991). Memory for incomplete tasks: A Re-examination of the Zeigarnik effect. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Cognitive Science Society (pp. 114119). Chicago.Google Scholar
Seifert, C. M., & Patalano, A. L. (2001). Opportunism in memory: Preparing for chance encounters. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 198201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seifert, C. M., Hammond, K. J., Johnson, H. M., et al. (1994). Case-based learning: Predictive features in indexing. Machine Learning, 16, 3756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seifert, C. M., Meyer, D. E., Davidson, N., Patalano, A. L., & Yaniv, I. (1995). Demystification of cognitive insight: Opportunistic assimilation and the prepared-mind hypothesis. In Sternberg, R. J. & Davidson, J. E. (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 65124). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Seifert, C. M., Patalano, A. L., Hammond, K. J., & Converse, T. M. (1997). Experience and expertise: The role of memory in planning for opportunities. In Feltovich, P. J., Ford, K. M. & Hoffman, R. R. (Eds.), Expertise in context: Human and machine (pp. 101123). AAAI Press/MIT Press.Google Scholar
Silveira, J. M. (1971). Incubation: The effect of timing and length on problem solution and quality of problem processing. Unpublished thesis, University of Oregon.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1966). Scientific discovery and the psychology of problem solving. In Colodny, R. G. (Ed.), Mind and cosmos (pp. 2241). University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2009). Does incubation enhance problem solving? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 94120. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2015). Incubation and cueing effects in problem-solving: Set aside the difficult problems but focus on the easy ones. Thinking & Reasoning, 21(1), 113129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sio, U. N., & Ormerod, T. C. (2019). Incubation and cueing effects in problem-solving: Set aside the difficult problems but focus on the easy ones. In Gilhooly, K. J. (Eds), Insight and creativity in problem solving (pp. 113129). Routledge.Google Scholar
Sio, U. N., & Rudowicz, E. (2007). The role of an incubation period in creative problem solving. Creativity Research Journal, 19(2–3), 307318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2015). The science of mind wandering: Empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 487518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M. (1995a). Fixation, incubation, and insight in memory, problem solving, and creativity. In Smith, S. M., Ward, T. B. & Finke, R. A. (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 135155). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M. (1995b). Getting into and out of mental ruts: A theory of fixation, incubation, and insight. In Sternberg, R. & Davidson, J. (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 121149). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Beda, Z. (2019). Old problems in new contexts: The context-dependent fixation hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(1), 192197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1989). Incubation effects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27(4), 311314. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03334612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1991). Incubation and the persistence of fixation in problem solving. The American Journal of Psychology, 104(1), 6187. https://doi.org/10.2307/1422851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., & Angello, G. (2017). Alternating incubation effects in the generation of category exemplars. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(2), 95106 https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., Sifonis, C. M., & Angello, G. (2012). Clue insensitivity in remote associates test problem solving. The Journal of Problem Solving, 4(2), 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storm, B. C., & Patel, T. N. (2014). Forgetting as a consequence and enabler of creative thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 6, 1594–609. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000006.Google Scholar
Studer, J. A., Daly, S. R., McKilligan, S., & Seifert, C. M. (2018). Evidence of problem exploration in creative designs. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacturing, Special Issue on Design Creativity, 32(4), 415430. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890060418000124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tulving, E., & Thomson, D.M., (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(3), 352373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Lehn, K. (1988). Toward a theory of impasse-driven learning. In Mandl, H. & Lesgold, A. (Eds.), Learning: Issues for intelligent tutor systems (pp. 1941). Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. J. Cape.Google Scholar
Webb, M. E., Cropper, S. J., & Little, D. R. (2019). “Aha!” is stronger when preceded by a “huh?”: Presentation of a solution affects ratings of aha experience conditional on accuracy. Thinking & Reasoning, 25(3), 324364. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2018.1523807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisberg, R. W. (1992). Metacognition and insight during problem solving: Comment on Metcalfe. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 426431.Google Scholar
Weisberg, R. (1995). Prolegomena to theories of insight in problem solving: A taxonomy of problems. In Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.), The nature of insight (pp. 157196). MIT Press.Google Scholar
Weisberg, R. W., & Alba, J. W. (1981a). An examination of the alleged role of “fixation” in the solution of several “insight” problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 169192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisberg, R. W., & Alba, J. W. (1981b). Gestalt theory, insight, and past experience: Reply to Dominowski. Jousssrnal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110(2), 199203. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.110.2.199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisberg, R. W., & Alba, J. W. (1982). Problem solving is not like perception: More on Gestalt theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111(3). https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.111.3.326.Google Scholar
Weisberg, R., & Suls, J. M. (1973). An information processing model of Duncker’s candle problem. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 255276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wertheimer, M. (1959). Productive thinking. University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1945.)Google Scholar
Yaniv, I., & Meyer, D. E. (1987). Activation and metacognition of inaccessible stored information: Potential bases of incubation effects in problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 187205.Google Scholar
Yaniv, I., Meyer, D. E., & Davidson, N. S. (1995). Dynamic memory processes in retrieving answers to questions: Recall failures, judgments of knowing, and acquisition of information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(6), 15091521.Google Scholar
Yilmaz, S., Daly, S. R., Seifert, C. M., & Gonzalez, R. (2016). Evidence-based design heuristics for idea generation. Design studies, 46, 95124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeigarnik, B. (1927). Über das Behalten von erledigten und unerledigten Handlungen. Psychologisches Forschung, 9, 185.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×