Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T15:17:10.229Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 5 - Post-Reproductive Care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2021

Edited by
Tahir Mahmood ,
Charles Savona-Ventura ,
Ioannis Messinis  and
Sambit Mukhopadhyay
Tahir Mahmood
Affiliation:
Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy
Charles Savona-Ventura
Affiliation:
University of Malta, Malta
Ioannis Messinis
Affiliation:
University of Thessaly, Greece
Sambit Mukhopadhyay
Affiliation:
Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, UK
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Gynaecology
 , pp. 203 - 236
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Kok, HS, van Asselt, KM, van der Schouw, YT, Peeters, PH, Wijmenga, C. Genetic studies to identify genes underlying menopausal age. Hum Reprod Update 2005;11:483–493.Google Scholar
Mishra, GD, Pandeya, N, Dobson, AJ, et al. Early menarche, nulliparity and the risk for premature and early natural menopause. Hum Reprod 2017;32:679–686.Google Scholar
Soules, MR, Sherman, S, Parrott, E, et al. Executive summary: stages of reproductive aging workshop (STRAW). Climacteric 2001;4:267–272.Google Scholar
Durlinger, AL, Kramer, P, Karels, B, et al. Control of primordial follicle recruitment by anti-Müllerian hormone in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 1999;140:5789–5796.Google Scholar
Avis, NE, Crawford, SL, Greendale, G, et al. Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175:531–539.Google Scholar
Muka, T, Oliver-Williams, C, Colpani, V, et al. Association of vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms with risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016;11:e0157417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Portman, DJ, Gass, ML. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: new terminology for vulvovaginal atrophy from the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health and the North American Menopause Society. Climacteric 2014;17:557–563.Google Scholar
Kanis, JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. Osteoporos Int 1994;4:368–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thurston, RC, Joffe, H. Vasomotor symptoms and menopause: findings from the Study of Women’s Health across the Nation. Obstet Gynecol Clin 2011;38:489–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, GL, Limacher, M, Assaf, AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701–1712.Google Scholar
Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies. Lancet 2015;385:1835–1842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boardman, HM, Hartley, L, Eisinga, A, et al. Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;3:CD002229.Google Scholar
Pandya, KJ, Raubertas, RF, Flynn, PJ, et al. Oral clonidine in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer experiencing tamoxifen-induced hot flashes: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:788–793.Google Scholar
Evans, ML, Pritts, E, Vittinghoff, E, et al. Management of postmenopausal hot flushes with venlafaxine hydrochloride: a randomized, controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:161–166.Google Scholar

References

Handa, VL, Garrett, E, Hendrix, S, Gold, E, Robbins, J. Progression and remission of pelvic organ prolapse: a longitudinal study of menopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:27–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, RP. Pelvic relaxation in prolapse. In: Principles and Practice of Clinical Gynaecology. New York: Wiley; 1983, pp. 677–685.Google Scholar
Cardozo, L. Prolapse. In: Dewhurst’s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Postgraduates. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1995, pp. 642–652.Google Scholar
Srikrishna, S Robinson, D. Urogenital prolapse. In: Obstetrics and Gynaecology: An Evidence-Based Text for MRCOG, 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2016.Google Scholar
Swift, SE, Pound, T, Dias, JK. Case–control study of etiological factors in the development of severe pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2001;12:187–192.Google Scholar
Altman, D Falconer, C, Cnattingius, S, Granath, F. Pelvic organ prolapse surgery following hysterectomy on benign indications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:572.e1–e6.Google Scholar
Bump, RC, Mattiasson, A, Bø, K, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:10–17.Google Scholar
Price, N, Jackson, S, Avery, K, Brookes, S, Abrams, P. Development and psychometric evaluation of the ICIQ Vaginal Symptoms Questionnaire: the ICIQ-VS. BJOG 2006;113:1–13.Google Scholar
Zacharakis, D, Grigoriadis, T, Kastanias, S, et al. Occult stress urinary incontinence in women with pelvic organ prolapse: is the one step surgical approach a risky choice? Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2016;22:55–59.Google Scholar
Brubaker, L, Nygaard, I, Richter, HE, et al. Two‐year outcomes after sacrocolpopexy with and without Burch to prevent stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:49–55.Google Scholar
Visco, AG, Brubaker, L, Nygaard, I, et al. The role of preoperative urodynamic testing in stress‐continent women undergoing sacrocolpopexy: the Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts (CARE) randomized surgical trial. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2008;19:607–614.Google Scholar
Sarma, S, Ying, T, Moore, K. Long-term vaginal pessary use: discontinuation rates and adverse events. BJOG 2009;116:1715–1721.Google Scholar
Hagen, S, Stark, D, Glazener, C, et al. Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014;383:796–806.Google Scholar
Maher, C, Feiner, B, Baessler, K, Schmid, C. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;4:CD004014.Google Scholar
Olsen, AL, Smith, VJ, Bergstrom, JO, Colling, JC, Clark, AL. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:501–506.Google Scholar
Price, N, Slack, A, Jwarah, E, Jackson, S. The incidence of reoperation for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse: an 11 year experience. Menopause Int 2008;14:145–148.Google Scholar
Reid, RI, You, H, Luo, K. Site-specific prolapse surgery: I. Reliability and durability of native tissue paravaginal repair. Int Urogynecol J 2011;22:591–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, MA, Stanton, SL. Posterior colporrhaphy: its effects on bowel and sexual function. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:82–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCall, ML. Posterior culdoplasty. Obstet Gynecol 1957;10:595–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchionni, M, Bracco, GL, Checcucci, V, et al. True incidence of vaginal vault prolapse: thirteen years of experience. J Reprod Med 1999;44:679–684.Google ScholarPubMed
Aigmueller, T, Dungl, A, Hinterholzer, S, Geiss, I, Riss, P. An estimation of the frequency of surgery for posthysterectomy vault prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2010;21:299–302.Google Scholar
Maher, CF, Qatawneh, AM, Dwyer, PL, et al. Abdominal sacral colpopexy or vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: a prospective randomised study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:20–26.Google Scholar

References

Haylen, BT, de Ridder, D, Freeman, RM, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 2010;29:4–20.Google Scholar
Coyne, KS, Sexton, CC, Thompson, CL, et al. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the USA, the UK and Sweden: results from the Epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study. BJU Int 2009;104:352–360.Google Scholar
Ebbesen, MH, Hunskaar, S, Rortveit, G, Hannestad, YS. Prevalence, incidence and remission of urinary incontinence in women: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT study (EPINCONT). BMC Urol 2013;13:27.Google Scholar
Giarenis, I, Mastoroudes, H, Srikrishna, S, Robinson, D, Cardozo, L. Is there a difference between women with or without detrusor overactivity complaining of symptoms of overactive bladder? BJU Int 2013;112:501–507.Google Scholar
Roosen, A, Chapple, CR, Dmochowski, RR, et al. A refocus on the bladder as the originator of storage lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review of the latest literature. Eur Urol 2009;56:810–819.Google Scholar
DeLancey, JO. Structural support of the urethra as it relates to stress urinary incontinence: the hammock hypothesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:1713–1720.Google Scholar
Petros, PE, Ulmsten, UI. An integral theory of female urinary incontinence. experimental and clinical considerations. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1990;153:7–31.Google Scholar
Kelleher, CJ, Cardozo, LD, Khullar, V, Salvatore, S. A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:1374–1379.Google Scholar
Avery, K, Donovan, J, Peters, TJ, et al. ICIQ: a brief and robust measure for evaluating the symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2004;23:322–330.Google Scholar
Wyman, JF, Harkins, SW, Choi, SC, Taylor, JR, Fantl, JA. Psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence in women. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70:378–381.Google Scholar
Coyne, K, Revicki, D, Hunt, T, et al. Psychometric validation of an overactive bladder symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire: the OAB-q. Qual Life Res 2002;11:563–574.Google Scholar
Subak, LL, Wing, R, West, DS, et al. Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. N Engl J Med 2009;360:481–490.Google Scholar
Cody, JD, Jacobs, ML, Richardson, K, Moehrer, B, Hextall, A. Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;10:CD001405.Google Scholar
Dumoulin, C, Cacciari, LP, Hay-Smith, EJC. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;10:CD005654.Google Scholar
Mariappan, P, Alhasso, A, Ballantyne, Z, Grant, A, N’Dow, J. Duloxetine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Eur Urol 2007;51:67–74.Google Scholar
Vella, M, Duckett, J, Basu, M. Duloxetine 1 year on: the long-term outcome of a cohort of women prescribed duloxetine. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2008;19:961–964.Google Scholar
Lapitan, MCM, Cody, JD, Mashayekhi, A. Open retropubic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;7:CD002912.Google Scholar
Dean, N, Ellis, G, Herbison, GP, Wilson, D, Mashayekhi, A. Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;7:CD002239.Google Scholar
Albo, ME, Richter, HE, Brubaker, L, et al. Burch colposuspension versus fascial sling to reduce urinary stress incontinence. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2143–2155.Google Scholar
Ulmsten, U, Henriksson, L, Johnson, P, Varhos, G. An ambulatory surgical procedure under local anesthesia for treatment of female urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1996;7:81–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, KL, Hilton, P, UK and Ireland TVT Trial Group. Tension-free vaginal tape versus colposuspension for primary urodynamic stress incontinence: 5-year follow up. BJOG 2008;115:226–233.Google Scholar
Delorme, E. Transobturator urethral suspension: mini-invasive procedure in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Prog Urol 2001;11:1306–1313.Google Scholar
Richter, HE, Albo, ME, Zyczynski, HM, et al. Retropubic versus transobturator midurethral slings for stress incontinence. N Engl J Med 2010;362:2066–2076.Google Scholar
Abdel-Fattah, M, Ford, JA, Lim, CP, Madhuvrata, P. Single-incision mini-slings versus standard midurethral slings in surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis of effectiveness and complications. Eur Urol 2011;60:468–480.Google Scholar
Zacche, MM, Mukhopadhyay, S, Giarenis, I. Trends in prolapse surgery in England. Int Urogynecol J 2018;29:1689–1695.Google Scholar
Kirchin, V, Page, T, Keegan, PE, et al. Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;2:CD003881.Google Scholar
Wallace, SA, Roe, B, Williams, K, Palmer, M. Bladder training for urinary incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD001308.Google Scholar
Chapple, CR, Khullar, V, Gabriel, Z, et al. The effects of antimuscarinic treatments in overactive bladder: an update of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2008;54:543–562.Google Scholar
Rai, BP, Cody, JD, Alhasso, A, Stewart, L. Anticholinergic drugs versus non-drug active therapies for non-neurogenic overactive bladder syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;12:CD003193.Google Scholar
Abrams, P, Kelleher, C, Staskin, D, et al. Combination treatment with mirabegron and solifenacin in patients with overactive bladder: efficacy and safety results from a randomised, double-blind, dose-ranging, phase 2 study (Symphony). Eur Urol 2015;67:577–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapple, C, Sievert, KD, MacDiarmid, S, et al. OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 U significantly improves all idiopathic overactive bladder symptoms and quality of life in patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol 2013;64:249–256.Google Scholar
Monga, AK, Tracey, MR, Subbaroyan, J. A systematic review of clinical studies of electrical stimulation for treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J 2012;23:993–1005.Google Scholar
Burton, C, Sajja, A, Latthe, PM. Effectiveness of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn 2012;31:1206–1216.Google Scholar
Gurocak, S, De Gier, RP, Feitz, W. Bladder augmentation without integration of intact bowel segments: critical review and future perspectives. J Urol 2007;177:839–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Srivastava, R, Thakar, R, Sultan, A. Female sexual dysfunction in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2008;63:527.Google Scholar
Masters, WH, Johnson, VE. Human Sexual Response. New York: Bantam, 1981.Google Scholar
Masters, WH, Johnson, VE. Human Sexual Inadequacy. Boston: Little Brown, 1970.Google Scholar
Kaplan, HS. The New Sex Therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1974.Google Scholar
Basson R. A model of women’s sexual arousal. J Sex Marital Ther 2002;28:1–10.Google Scholar
Levin, RJ, Both, S, Georgiadis, J, et al. The physiology of female sexual function and the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction (Committee 13A). J Sex Med 2016;13:733–759.Google Scholar
Parish, S, Bitzer, J. Sexual medicine education and training. In: Textbook of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Treatment. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2018, pp. 7–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfaus, JG, Scepkowski, LA. The biologic basis for libido. Curr Sex Health Rep 2005;2:95–100.Google Scholar
Brotto, LA, Bitzer, J, Laan, E, Leiblum, S, Luria, M. Women’s sexual desire and arousal disorders. J Sex Med 2010;7:586–614.Google Scholar
Althof, SE, Leiblum, SR, Chevret-Measson, M, et al. Psychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction. J Sex Med 2005;2:793–800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, SB, Risen, CB, Althof, SE. Handbook of Clinical Sexology for Mental Health Professionals. New York: Houve Brunner Routledge, 2003.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. International classification of diseases, 10th revision. Available at: www.who.int/classifications/icd/en.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Sexual dysfunctions. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Arlington, VA: APA, 2013, pp. 423–450.Google Scholar
McCabe, MP, Sharlip, ID, Atalla, E, et al. Definitions of sexual dysfunctions in women and men: a consensus statement From the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine 2015. J Sex Med 2016;13:135–143.Google Scholar
Basson, R, Althof, S, Davis, S, et al. Summary of the recommendations on sexual dysfunctions in women. J Sex Med 2004;1:24–34.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, U, Bitzer, J. The challenge of talking about sex: the importance of patient–physician interaction. Maturitas 2009;63:124–127.Google Scholar
Kingsberg, SA. Taking a sexual history. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2006;33:535–547.Google Scholar
Bitzer, J, Platano, G, Tschudin, S, Alder, J. Sexual counseling for women in the context of physical diseases: a teaching model for physicians. J Sex Med 2007;4:29–37.Google Scholar
Salonia, A. Medical conditions associated with female sexual dysfunction. In: Women’s Sexual Function and Dysfunction: Study, Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Taylor & Francis; 2006, pp. 263–275.Google Scholar
Segraves, R. Sexual side-effects of psychiatric drugs. Int J Psychiatry Med 1988;18:243–252.Google Scholar
Dennerstein, L, Dudley, EC, Hopper, JL, Burger, H. Sexuality, hormones and the menopausal transition. Maturitas 1997;26:83–93.Google Scholar
Davis, SR, Davison, SL, Donath, S, Bell, RJ. Circulating androgen levels and self-reported sexual function in women. JAMA 2005;294:91–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Achtari, C, Dwyer, PL. Sexual function and pelvic floor disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2005;19:993–1008.Google Scholar
Dennerstein, L, Lehert, P, Burger, H. The relative effects of hormones and relationship factors on sexual function of women through the natural menopausal transition. Fertil Steril 2005;84:174–180.Google Scholar
van Lankveld, JJ, Grotjohann, Y. Psychiatric comorbidity in heterosexual couples with sexual dysfunction assessed with the composite international diagnostic interview. Arch Sex Behav 2000;29:479–498.Google Scholar
Zemishlany, Z, Weizman, A. The impact of mental illness on sexual dysfunction. Adv Psychosom Med 2008;29:89–106.Google Scholar
Kingsberg, SA, Janata, JW. Female sexual disorders: assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Urol Clin North Am 2007;34:497–506.Google Scholar
Leiblum, S, Rosen, R. Principles and Practice of Sex Therapy. New York: Guilford Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Traish, A, Kim, NN. Modulation of female genital sexual arousal by sex steroid hormones. In: Women’s Sexual Function and Dysfunction. Study, Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Taylor and Francis; 2006, pp. 181–192.Google Scholar
Somboonporn, W, Davis, S, Seif, MW, Bell, R. Testosterone for peri- and postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;4:CD004509.Google Scholar
Laan, E, van Lunsen, W, Everaerd, W. The effects of tibolone on vaginal blood flow, sexual desire and arousability in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2001;4:28–41.Google Scholar
Labrie, F, Archer, D, Bouchard, C, et al. Effect on intravaginal prasterone (DHEA) on libido and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2009;16:923–931.Google Scholar
Basson, R. Female sexual response: the role of drugs in the management of sexual dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:350–353.Google Scholar
Balon, R, Segraves, RT. Survey of treatment practices for sexual dysfunction(s) associated with anti-depressants. J Sex Marital Ther 2008;34:353–365.Google Scholar
Ferger, B, Shimasaki, M, Ceci, A, et al. Flibanserin, a drug intended for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in pre-menopausal women, affects spontaneous motor activity and brain neurochemistry in female rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010;381:573–579.Google Scholar
Pfaus, J, Giuliano, F, Gelez, H. Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function. J Sex Med 2007;4(Suppl 4):269–279.Google Scholar
Trudel, G, Marchand, A, Ravart, M, et al. The effect of a cognitive behavioral treatment program on hypoactive sexual desire in women. Sex Relat Ther 2003;16:145–164.Google Scholar
Pridal, CG, LoPiccolo, J. Multielement treatment of desire disorders. In: Principles and Practice of Sex Therapy, 3rd edition. New York: Guilford Press, 2000, pp. 57–81.Google Scholar
Vansteenwegen, A. How can men and women in a couple bridge the difference between them? Sex Marital Ther 1998;13:439–448.Google Scholar
Brotto, LA, Basson, R, Luria, M. A mindfulness-based group psychoeducational intervention targeting sexual arousal disorder in women. J Sex Med 2008;5:1646–1659.Google Scholar
Derogatis, LR, Burnett, AL. The epidemiology of sexual dysfunctions. J Sex Med 2008;5:289–300.Google Scholar
Shifren, JL, Monz, BU, Russo, PA, et al. Sexual problems and distress in United States women: prevalence and correlates. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:970–978.Google Scholar
Kingsberg, SA, Althof, S, Simon, JA, et al.Female sexual dysfunction-medical and psychological treatments, Committee 14. J Sex Med 2017;14:1463–1491.Google Scholar
Basson, R, Berman, J, Burnett, A, et al. Report on the International Consensus Development Conference on Female Sexual Dysfunction: definitions and classification. J Urol 2000;163:888–893.Google Scholar
Fugl-Meyer, KS, Bohm-Starke, N, Damsted Petersen, C, et al. Standard operating procedures for female genital sexual pain. J Sex Med 2013;10:83–93.Google Scholar
Goldstein, AT, Pukall, CF, Brown, C, et al. Vulvodynia: assessment and treatment. J Sex Med 2016;13:572–590.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×