Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T16:04:54.747Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - A Proactive Social Infrastructure Model for Future Mixed-Use Housing in Egypt

from Part I - Mitigating Institutional Voids by Design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2019

Nuno Gil
Affiliation:
University of Manchester
Anne Stafford
Affiliation:
University of Manchester
Innocent Musonda
Affiliation:
University of Johannesburg
Get access

Summary

Egypt’s population of 96 million is expected to double within the next twenty to thirty years. Given that Egypt has failed to meet a continuous increase in housing demand since the 1950s, there has been an expansion of informal housing, informal adaptation of formal housing and informal mixing of residential and non-residential uses. Whilst informal interventions may allow better access to affordable housing, they do not abide by building codes or regulations; thus, they burden existing infrastructure, and negatively affect the physical and psychological well-being of society.

This chapter investigates the potential for a dynamic response to a society’s changing housing needs. A case study in an informal area of the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) sought to define means of informal interventions in order to capitalize on lessons learned, and to inform future mainstream housing developments in Egypt.

It concludes that a proactive flexible and adaptable mixed-use housing model may help respond to the socio-economic and demographic dynamics of households. However, the compatibility of non-residential activities requires investigation, and any necessary measures taken before mixing with residential. This model also anticipates a reduction in commuting, which would alleviate traffic congestion and strengthen community ties.

Type
Chapter
Information
Duality by Design
The Global Race to Build Africa's Infrastructure
, pp. 254 - 283
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abelson, P. (2009). Affordable housing: Concepts and policies. Economic Papers 28(1), 2738.Google Scholar
Ahmed, M. N., Moussa, M. A. and Gaeiss, A. M. (2014). An analytical study for New Assiut City in the provision of suitable housing for low income – Evaluating ‘Ibny Baytak project’ – one of the national housing projects. Journal of Engineering Sciences Assiut University Faculty of Engineering, 42(6): 14621491.Google Scholar
Ahram Online. (2014). Cairo traffic costs Egypt LE47 bn a year: World Bank. Ahram Online. http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/103075.aspxGoogle Scholar
AlSayyad, N. (2011). Cairo: Histories of a city. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bailyn, L., Drago, R., and Kochan, T. A. (2001). Integrating work and family life: A holistic approach. Massachusetts, MA: MIT, Sloan School of Management.Google Scholar
Blok, R., and Herwijnen, F. (2006). Quantifying structural flexibility for performance based life cycle design of buildings. Adaptables2006, TU/e, International Conference on Adaptable Building Structures, 3–5 July 2006, Eindhoven (The Netherlands).Google Scholar
Bredenoord, J., and Lindert, P. van (2010). Pro-poor housing policies: Rethinking the potential of assisted self-help housing. Habitat International, 34(2010): 278287.Google Scholar
CAPMAS. (2006). Census of population, housing and establishments. Cairo: CAPMAS.Google Scholar
CAPMAS. (2016). Study for upgrading and developing informal areas in Egypt. (In Arabic). Cairo: CAPMAS.Google Scholar
CAPMAS. (2017). Home. Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. www.capmas.gov.eg/Google Scholar
Casey, S. (2005). Establishing standards for social infrastructure. Queensland, Australia: The University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Chen, M. (2012). The informal economy: Definitions, theories and policies. Women in Informal Employment Globalisation and Organising, Working paper no 1. Retrieved from www.wiego.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/Chen_WIEGO_WP1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Cisneros, H., Dyer Chamberlain, M. and Hickie, J. (2012). Independent for life: Homes and neighbourhoods for an aging America. 1st ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford Center on Longevity.Google Scholar
Colliers. (2015). Greater Cairo real estate market overview. Colliers International. Retrieved www2.colliers.com/en-EGGoogle Scholar
Demographia. (2019). 15th annual Demographia international housing affordability survey. 2019 Media Release.Google Scholar
Dhar, T. K., Hossain, M. and Rahman, K. R. (2013). How does flexible design promote resource efficiency for housing? A study of Khulna, Bangladesh. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(2), 140157.Google Scholar
Dolan, T. (2012). Live-work planning and design: Zero commute housing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Douglas, J. (2006). Building adaptation. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
ECORYS. (2010). Cairo traffic congestion study. Edited by ECORYS Nederland BV and SETS Lebanon. Cairo: World Bank and Government of Egypt.Google Scholar
Egypt Independent. (2013). Final issue: Problem of unemployment likely to worsen in Egypt. Egypt Independent. Retrieved from www.egyptindependent.com/final-issue-problem-unemployment-likely-worsen-egypt/Google Scholar
El-Batran, M., and Arandel, C. (1998). A shelter of their own: Informal settlement expansion in Greater Cairo and government responses. Environment and Urbanization, 10(1), 217232.Google Scholar
El-Kouedi, H. and Madbouly, M. (2007). Tackling the shelter challenge of cities: Thinking it through together. World Bank. Retrieved http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTHOUSINGLAND/Resources/339552-1180637750307/Cairo.pdfGoogle Scholar
El-Mahdi, A. (2002). Towards decent work in the informal sector: The case of Egypt. Geneva: Employment Sector, International Labour Office.Google Scholar
Evans, G. (2003). The built environment and mental health. Journal Urban Health, 80(4) 536555.Google Scholar
Fahmy, N. (2004). A culture of poverty or the poverty of a culture? Informal settlements and the debate over the state–society relationships in Egypt. Middle East Journal, 58(4): 597611.Google Scholar
Fathy, H. (1962). Rural self-help housing. Ekistics, 13(80), 398401. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43613693Google Scholar
Fulwood, B. M. (1987). Extendable houses: Process as alternative. Housing and Society, 14(1), 3039.Google Scholar
Gijsbers, R. and Lichtenberg, J. (2014). Demand-driven selection of adaptable building technologies for flexibility-in-use. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(3): 237260.Google Scholar
GIZ. (2013). Participatory needs assessment in informal areas – Giza Governorate. Bonn: GIZ.Google Scholar
Guran, N. and Whitehead, C. (2011). Planning and affordable housing in Australia and the UK: A comparative perspective. Housing Studies, 26(7–8): 11931214.Google Scholar
GOPP. (2017). Land and urban planning: Issues and challenges for a new urban agenda. Cairo, Egypt: GOPP. http://gopp.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Chapter-2.pdfGoogle Scholar
Groak, S. (1992). The idea of building: Thought and action in the design and production of buildings. 1st ed. London: E&FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Habraken, N. (1998). Form and control in the built environment. In Teicher, J. (Ed.), The structure of the ordinary. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Harris, R. (1999). Slipping through the cracks: The origins of aided self-help housing 1918–53. Housing Studies, 14(3): 281309.Google Scholar
Hoppenbrouwer, E., and Louw, E. (2005). Mixed-use development: Theory and practice in Amsterdam’s eastern docklands. European Planning Studies, 13(7): 967983.Google Scholar
HUD User. (2019). Defining housing affordability. Hud User. Retrieved from www.huduser.gov/portal/pdredge/pdr-edge-featd-article-081417.htmlGoogle Scholar
ILO. (2005). Measurement of the informal economy. Geneva: International Labour Office.Google Scholar
JICA. (2008). The strategic urban development master plan study for sustainable development of the Greater Cairo Region in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Cairo: Ministry of Housing, Utilities & Urban Development (MOHUUD); General Organization for Physical Planning (GOPP).Google Scholar
Kardash, H. S. (1983). The transformation of public housing provision in Egypt and the role of self help. Phd thesis. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK: Newcastle University.Google Scholar
Kaur, I. (2010). Government of Egypt, Japan, and the World Bank Jointly address unemployment challenges facing marginalised youth. World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/10924/554660BRI0Quic10Box349454B01PUBLIC1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGoogle Scholar
Khallash, S., and Kruse, M. (2012). The future of work and work–life balance 2025. Futures, 44(7): 678686.Google Scholar
Kipper, R. and Fischer, M. (2009). Cairo’s informal areas: Between urban challenges and hidden potentials; Facts. Voices. Visions. Bonn: GIZ. Retrieved from www.egypt-urban.net/publication-cairos-informal-areas-between-urban-challenges-and-hidden-potentials-facts-voices-visions/Google Scholar
Kowaltowski, D. (1998). Aesthetics and self-built houses: An analysis of a brazilian setting. Habitat International, 22(3): 2993112.Google Scholar
Kuang, W., and Li, X. (2012). Does China face a housing affordability issue? Evidence from 35 cities in China. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 5(3): 272288.Google Scholar
Li, W. K. (2012). Does China face a housing affordability issue? Evidence from 35 cities in China. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 5(3): 272288.Google Scholar
Mace, R., Hardie, G. and Place, J. (1991). Accessible environments: Toward universal design. In Preiser, W., Vischer, J. and White, E. (Eds.), Design interventions: Toward a more humane architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Maisel, J. L. (2006). Toward inclusive housing and neighbourhood design: a look at visitability. Community Development, 37(3): 2634.Google Scholar
Maisel, J., Smith, E. and Steinfeld, E. (2008). Increasing home access: Designing for visitability. Washington, DC: AARP Public Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Majale, M. (2008). Employment creation through participatory urban planning and slum upgrading: The case of Kitale, Kenya. Habitat International, 32(2): 270282.Google Scholar
Manewa, A., Siriwardena, M., Ross, A. and Madanayake, U. (2016). Adaptable buildings for sustainable built environment. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(2): 139158.Google Scholar
Mansour, D. (2017). Dimensions of flexibility in housing: Synergies between informal housing in Egypt and Japanese housing. MSc thesis (unpublished). New Cairo: The German University in Cairo.Google Scholar
Mukhija, V. (2014). The value of incremental development and design in affordable housing. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development & Research, 16(2), 1120.Google Scholar
Nadim, W. (2016a). A smart future housing in Egypt for all – a challenge or an opportunity? Proceedings of the CIB World Building Congress 2016. In Kähkönen, K. and Keinänen, M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the CIB World Building Congress 2016: Volume I; Creating built environments of new opportunities. Tampere University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering. Construction Management and Economics. Report Vol. 18. Tampere: Tampere University of Technology.Google Scholar
Nadim, W. (2016b). Live-work and adaptable housing in Egypt: A zero commuting concept, lessons learnt from informal developments. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(3), 289302.Google Scholar
Nadim, W., Bock, T. and Linner, T. (2014). Technological implants for sustainable autonomous upgrading of informal settlements in Cairo-Egypt. Presented at SB14 World Conference, Barcelona, Spain.Google Scholar
Nazmy, N. (2011). Ibny Baytak evaluative perspective. In El-Sayed, M. K. and Arafat, A., Land and housing in Egypt (in Arabic). Development Partners for Research and Training, pp. 269323.Google Scholar
Nientied, P., and Linden, J.-V.-D. (1988). The ‘new’ policy approach to housing: A review of the literature. Public Administration and Development, 8, 233240.Google Scholar
Rakodi, C. (1989). Self-help housing: The debate and examples. Habitat International, 13(4), 513.Google Scholar
Rivzi, A. (1966). Self-help housing: An examination of the effectiveness of this policy in selected developing countries, MSc thesis. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Rowley, A. (1996). Mixed-use development: Ambiguous concept, simplistic analysis and wishful thinking? Planning Practice and Research, 11(1), 8597.Google Scholar
Sabry, S. (2010). How poverty is underestimated in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Environment & Urbanization, 22(2), 523541.Google Scholar
Salama, R. (1995). User transformation of government housing projects: Case study, Egypt. PhD Thesis. McGill University Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Sayed, H. (2018). Egypt’s demographic opportunity. Preliminary assessment based on 2017 census. UNFPA Egypt.Google Scholar
Sims, D. (2010). Understanding Cairo: The logic of a city out of control. Cairo: The American University Press.Google Scholar
Tipple, G. (1996). Housing extensions as sustainable development. Habitat International, 20(3), 367376.Google Scholar
Trading Economics. (2015). Egypt unemployment rate. Trading Economics. Retrieved from https://tradingeconomics.com/egypt/unemployment-rateGoogle Scholar
Turner, J. F. (1980). Housing: Its part in another development. In Housing: Process and Physical Form. Philadelphia, PA: Aga Khan Award for Architecture.Google Scholar
UN. (1964). Manual on self-help housing. Ekistics, 17(103): 375384.Google Scholar
UN. (2015). World Population Prospects. United Nations. Retrieved from www.un.org/en/development/desa/publications/world-population-prospects-2015-revision.htmlGoogle Scholar
UNESCO. (2017). Poverty. UNESCO. Retrieved from Social and Human Sciences. www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/poverty/Google Scholar
Whitehead, C. M. (2007). Planning policies and affordable housing: England as a successful case study? Housing Studies, 22(1): 2544.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2007). Analysis of housing supply mechanisms – Final note. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2012, 21 August). Cairo traffic is much more than a nuisance. World Bank. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2012/08/21/cairo-traffic-much-more-than-nuisance.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×