Power amplifier nonlinear modeling for digital predistortion

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511744839.008

7 - Power amplifier nonlinear modeling for digital predistortion

from Part II - DPD and CFR

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 October 2011

Gabriel Montoro and

Pere L. Gilabert

Edited by

Fa-Long Luo

Show author details

Fa-Long Luo: Affiliation:
Element CXI, San Jose, California

Book contents

Get access

Summary

Introduction

Nowadays, one of the main common objectives in all Electrical Engineering research areas consists of reducing energy consumption by enhancing power efficiency. It is well known that the power amplifier (PA) is one of the most power hungry devices in radiocommunications. Therefore, to amplify non-constant envelope modulated signals, the use of linear Class-A PAs operating at high-power back-off levels to guarantee the desired linearity is no longer a desirable solution since it results in power inefficiency. In a classical Cartesian I-Q transmitter with static supply, the PA has to linearly amplify a carrier signal which is both phase and amplitude modulated and usually showing high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs), which implies that for having linear amplification it is necessary to use extremely inefficient class-A or class-AB PAs. Power amplifier system level linearizers, such as digital predistortion (DPD), extend the linear range of power amplifiers which, properly combined with crest factor reduction (CFR) techniques [1], enable PAs to be driven harder into compression (thus more efficient) while meeting linearity requirements.

Thanks to the intensive processing capabilities offered by the “always faster” digital signal processors, some power supply control architectures with great potential for high-efficiency operation have been revived. The PA drain supply modulation is carried out using techniques such as envelope elimination and restoration (EE&R) [2] and envelope tracking (ET) [3],[4] in conjunction with DPD. Therefore, the use of linearizers, and more precisely DPD, becomes an essential solution to mitigate nonlinear distortion effects arising from the use of more efficient but highly nonlinear PAs (Class D, E, F switched PAs) in both Cartesian and Polar transmitter architectures.

Type: Chapter
Information: Digital Front-End in Wireless Communications and Broadcasting
Circuits and Signal Processing
, pp. 192 - 213

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511744839.008 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Gilabert, P. L.Gadringer, M. E.Montoro, G.An Efficient Combination of Digital Predistortion and OFDM Clipping for Power AmplifiersInternational Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 19 583 2009CrossRef Google Scholar

Cabral, P. M.Pedro, J. C.Garcia, J. A.Cabria, L.935 2008

Lie, D. Y. C.Lopez, J.Li, Yan1536 2008

Kimball, D. F.Jeong, JinhoHsia, ChinHigh-efficiency Envelope-tracking W-CDMA Base-station Amplifier using Gan HfetsIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54 3848 2006CrossRef Google Scholar

Gandhi, H.1 2008

Vuolevi, J.Distortion in RF Power AmplifiersArtech House 2003Google Scholar

Yamauchi, K.Mori, K.Nakayama, M.A Novel Series Diode Linearizer for Mobile Radio Power AmplifiersProc. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest 2 831 1996Google Scholar

Yu, C. S.Chan, W. S.Chan, W.-L.1.9 GHz Low Loss Varactor Diode Pre-DistorterElectronics Letters 35 1681 1999CrossRef Google Scholar

Nielsen, T. S.Lindfors, S.15 2002

Andreoli, S.McClure, H. G.Banelli, P.Cacopardi, S.Digital Linearizer for RF AmplifiersIEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 43 12 1997CrossRef Google Scholar

Pedro, J. C.Maas, S. A.A Comparative Overview of Microwave and Wireless Power Amplifier Behavioral Modeling ApproachesIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 53 1150 2005CrossRef Google Scholar

Scheurs, D.O’Droma, M.Goacher, A. A.Gadringer, M.RF Power Amplifier Behavioural ModelingCambridge University Press 2009

Saleh, A.Frequency-Independent and Frequency-Dependent Nonlinear Models of TWT AmplifiersIEEE Transactions on Communications 29 1715 1981CrossRef Google Scholar

Zhang, Q. J.Gupta, K. C.Neural Networks for RF and Microwaves DesignArtech House 2000Google Scholar

Scarselli, F.Tsoi, A. C.Universal Approximation Using Feedforward Neural Networks: A Survey of Some Exciting Methods, and Some New ResultsNeural Networks 11 15 1998CrossRef Google Scholar

O’Toole, J.Brazil, T. J.45 2000

Xu, J.Yagoub, M. C. E.Ding, R.Zhang, Q.-J.Neural-Based Dynamic Modeling of Nonlinear Microwave CircuitsIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 50 2769 2002Google Scholar

Volterra, V.Theory of Functionals and of Integral and Integro-Differential EquationsDover Phoenix Editions 1959Google Scholar

Mathews, V. J.Sicuranza, G. L.Polynomial Signal ProcessingJohn Willey & Sons 2000Google Scholar

Zhu, A.Pedro, J. C.Cunha, T. R.Pruning the Volterra Series for Behavioral Modeling of Power Amplifiers Using Physical KnowledgeIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 55 813 2007CrossRef Google Scholar

Zhu, AndingBrazil, T. J. 2005

Isaksson, M.Ronnow, D.485 2006

Silveira, D. D.Magerl, G.2007 2007

Kim, J.Konstantinou, K.Digital Predistortion of Wideband Signals Based on Power Amplifier Model with MemoryElectronics Letters 37 1417 2001CrossRef Google Scholar

Bosch, W.Gatti, G.Measurement and Simulation of Memory Effects in Predistortion LinearizersIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 37 1885 1989CrossRef Google Scholar

Gilabert, P. L.Silveira, D. D.Montoro, G.Gadringer, M. E.Bertran, E.Heuristic Algorithms for Power Amplifier Behavioral ModelingIEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 17 715 2007CrossRef Google Scholar

Bai, Er-WeiAn Optimal Two Stage Identification Algorithm for Hammerstein-Wiener Nonlinear SystemsProc. American Control Conference 5 2756 1998Google Scholar

Gilabert, P. L.Silveira, D. D.Montoro, G.Magerl, G.265 2006

Liu, T.Boumaiza, S.Ghannouchi, F. M.Augmented Hammerstein Predistorter for Linearization of Broad-Band Wireless TransmittersIEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54 1340 2006Google Scholar

Silveira, D. D.Arthaber, H.Gilabert, P. L.Magerl, G.Bertran, E.Application of Optimal Delays Selection on Parallel Cascade Hammerstein Models for the Prediction of RF-Power Amplifier BehaviorProc. IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC’06) 1 283 2006CrossRef Google Scholar

Hagenblad, A. 1999

Gilabert, P. L.Bertran, E.Montoro, G.304 2005

Gilabert, P. L.Montoro, G.Bertran, E.On the Wiener and Hammerstein Models for Power Amplifier PredistortionProc. IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC’05) 2 2005CrossRef Google Scholar

Silveira, D.Gadringer, M.Arthaber, H.Magerl, G.RF-Power Amplifier Characteristics Determination Using Parallel Cascade Wiener Models and Pseudo-Inverse TechniquesProc. IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings (APMC’05) 1 2005CrossRef Google Scholar

Chang, S.Powers, E. J.A Simplified Predistorter for Compensation of Nonlinear Distortion in OFDM SystemsProc. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM ’01) 5 3080 2001CrossRef Google Scholar

Montoro, G.Gilabert, P. L.Bertran, E.Cesari, A.Silveira, D. D.A New Digital Predictive Predistorter for Behavioral Power Amplifier LinearizationIEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 17 448 2007CrossRef Google Scholar