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Chapter 8 - Durkheim: Functionalism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2022

Frederick Neuhouser
Frederick Neuhouser
Affiliation:
Barnard College, Columbia University
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Summary

Chapter 8 examines and partially defends Durkheim's functionalism as practiced in The Division of Labor in Society. His position is reconstructed with an eye to determining which aspects are worth retaining for a contemporary theory of social pathology, including the functionally organized nature of society. Focusing on claims regarding the moral function of the division of labor, it examines epistemological issues bound up with ascribing functions to features of society, including the relation between functional explanation and functional analysis and the role played by historical narratives. Durkheim's method is a complex holism whose claims depend less on single facts and individual arguments than on the plausibility of the whole picture that emerges from mutually reinforcing arguments, empirical facts, interpretive suggestions, and analogies. Thus, Durkheim's method for ascribing functions to social phenomena bears similarities to other interpretive enterprises, from the reading of texts to the construction of theories in the natural sciences.

Keywords

social pathologyEmile Durkheimfunctionalismmisdevelopmentdivision of laborsociety-organism analogyfunctional explanationuniversal historysocial reproductioncorporations
Type
Chapter
Information
Diagnosing Social Pathology
Rousseau, Hegel, Marx, and Durkheim
 , pp. 156 - 191
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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