References

Ethan Michelson

doi:10.1017/9781108768177.014

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 March 2022

Ethan Michelson

Show author details

Ethan Michelson: Affiliation:
Indiana University, Bloomington

Book contents

Summary

A summary is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Type: Chapter
Information: Decoupling
Gender Injustice in China's Divorce Courts
, pp. 476 - 525

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108768177.014 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons: This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

References

Ahl, Björn. 2020. “Why Do Judges Cite the Party? References to Party Ideology in Chinese Court Decisions.” China: An International Journal 18(2):175–85.Google Scholar

Ahl, Björn and Sprick, Daniel. 2018. “Towards Judicial Transparency in China: The New Public Access Database for Court Decisions.” China Information 32(1):3–22.CrossRef Google Scholar

Alexander, Amy C. and Welzel, Christian. 2015. “Eroding Patriarchy: The Co-Evolution of Women’s Rights and Emancipative Values.” International Review of Sociology 25(1):144–65.Google Scholar

Alexy, Allison. 2020. Intimate Disconnections: Divorce and the Romance of Independence in Contemporary Japan. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRef Google Scholar

Alford, William P. and Shen, Yuanyuan. 2004. “Have You Eaten? Have You Divorced? Debating the Meaning of Freedom in Marriage in China.” In Realms of Freedom in Modern China, edited by Kirby, W., pp. 234–63. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

All China Women’s Federation Research Team. 2013. “全国农村留守儿童城乡流动儿童状况研究报告 (Research Report on China’s Left-Behind Children and Migrant Children).” 中国妇运 (Chinese Women’s Movement) (6):30–34.Google Scholar

Allison, Paul D. 1999. “Comparing Logit and Probit Coefficients Across Groups.” Sociological Methods & Research 28(2):186–208.CrossRef Google Scholar

Amato, Paul R. 2000. “The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children.” Journal of Marriage and Family 62(4):1269–87.CrossRef Google Scholar

Amato, Paul R. and Cheadle, Jacob E.. 2008. “Parental Divorce, Marital Conflict and Children’s Behavior Problems: A Comparison of Adopted and Biological Children.” Social Forces 86(3):1139–61.Google Scholar

An, Chenxi (安晨曦). 2015. “民事诉讼立法预期与运行效果的背离及修正: 以《民事诉讼法》新制度实施状况为范例的分析 (Gaps between Expectations and Outcomes of Civil Procedure Legislation and Their Remedies: An Analysis of the Implementation of the New Civil Procedure Law System).” 现代法学 (Modern Law Science) 37(6):173–84.Google Scholar

Anyang Municipal Intermediate People’s Court Research Team (安阳市中级人民法院课题组). 2016. “人民陪审员事实审的庭审职权配置研究 (Research on the Functions and Allocation of People’s Lay Assessors in Court Trials).” In 河南法治发展报告 (Annual Report on Rule of Law Development in Henan), edited by Ding, T. and Zhang, L., pp. 286–98. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 (Social Sciences Academic Press).Google Scholar

Artis, Julie E. 2004. “Judging the Best Interests of the Child: Judges’ Accounts of the Tender Years Doctrine.” Law & Society Review 38(4):769–806.Google Scholar

Attané, Isabelle, Eklund, Lisa, Merli, M. Giovanna, Bozon, Michel, Angeloff, Tania, Yang, Bo, Shuzhuo, Li, Pairault, Thierry, Wang, Su, Yang, Xueyan, and Zhang, Qunlin. 2019. “Understanding Bachelorhood in Poverty-Stricken and High Sex Ratio Settings: An Exploratory Study in Rural Shaanxi, China.” The China Quarterly 240:990–1017.Google Scholar

Bagozzi, Benjamin E. and Berliner, Daniel. 2018. “The Politics of Scrutiny in Human Rights Monitoring: Evidence from Structural Topic Models of US State Department Human Rights Reports.” Political Science Research and Methods 6(4): 661–77.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bai, Yu, Zhang, Linxiu, Liu, Chengfang, Shi, Yaojiang, Di, Mo, and Rozelle, Scott. 2018. “Effect of Parental Migration on the Academic Performance of Left Behind Children in North Western China.” The Journal of Development Studies 54(7):1154–70.CrossRef Google Scholar

Baidu, . 2020. “人民法院民事裁判文书制作规范 (Specifications for Civil Decisions of the People’s Court).” Retrieved March 15, 2020 (https://perma.cc/M3H3-CJ4E).Google Scholar

Baker, Hugh D. R. 1979. Chinese Family and Kinship. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Bartley, Tim. 2018. Rules without Rights: Land, Labor, and Private Authority in the Global Economy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bartley, Tim and Niklas, Egels-Zandén. 2016. “Beyond Decoupling: Unions and the Leveraging of Corporate Social Responsibility in Indonesia.” Socio-Economic Review 14(2):231–55.Google Scholar

Basic Level Legal Artisan (基层法匠). 2016a. “中国各省份法院办案效率排行榜 (Chinese Provincial Rankings of Court Efficiency).” Retrieved January 11, 2020 (https://tinyurl.com/rqeluyn).Google Scholar

Basic Level Legal Artisan (基层法匠). 2016b. “各省、自治区、直辖市法院设置、人员配备等数据资料 (Data from Every Province, Autonomous Region, and Centrally-Administered City on Courts and Their Personnel).” Retrieved January 11, 2020 (https://tinyurl.com/uzacmzw).Google Scholar

Basic Level Legal Artisan (基层法匠). 2016c. “我国各省份民商事审判案源现状排行榜 (2008–2011) (China’s Provincial Rankings of Civil Cases and Their Sources).” Retrieved January 11, 2020 (https://tinyurl.com/uv6mcnz).Google Scholar

Baum, Richard. 1986. “Modernization and Legal Reform in Post-Mao China: The Rebirth of Socialist Legality.” Studies in Comparative Communism 19(2):69–103.CrossRef Google Scholar

BBC. 2020. “Chinese Vlogger Dies After ‘Set on Fire by Ex During Live Stream.’” BBC. Retrieved October 2, 2020 (www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54380148).Google Scholar

Bemiller, Michelle. 2008. “When Battered Mothers Lose Custody: A Qualitative Study of Abuse at Home and in the Courts.” Journal of Child Custody 5(3–4):228–55.Google Scholar

Berkovitch, Nitza and Gordon, Neve. 2016. “Differentiated Decoupling and Human Rights.” Social Problems 63(4):499–512.CrossRef Google Scholar

Biland, Émilie and Steinmetz, Hélène. 2017. “Are Judges Street-Level Bureaucrats? Evidence from French and Canadian Family Courts.” Law and Social Inquiry 42(2):298–324.Google Scholar

Black, Donald J. 1989. Sociological Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Boli, John and Lechner, Frank J.. 2001. “Globalization and World Culture.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, edited by Smelser, N. J. and Baltes, P. B., pp. 6261–66. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Boli, John and Thomas, George M.. 1997. “World Culture in the World Polity: A Century of International Non-Governmental Organization.” American Sociological Review 62(2):171.Google Scholar

Boyd, Christina L., Epstein, Lee, and Martin, Andrew D.. 2010. “Untangling the Causal Effects of Sex on Judging.” American Journal of Political Science 54(2):389–411.Google Scholar

Boyle, Elizabeth Heger, McMorris, Barbara J., and Mayra, Gómez. 2002. “Local Conformity to International Norms: The Case of Female Genital Cutting.” International Sociology 17(1):5–33.CrossRef Google Scholar

Boyle, Elizabeth Heger and Meyer, John W.. 1998. “Modern Law as a Secularized and Global Model: Implications for the Sociology of Law.” Soziale Welt 49(3):275–94.Google Scholar

Breitenbach, Esther and Wasoff, Fran. 2007. A Gender Audit of Statistics: Comparing the Position of Women and Men in Scotland. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/2797).Google Scholar

Brinig, MF and Allen, DW. 2000. “‘These Boots Are Made for Walking’: Why Most Divorce Filers Are Women.” American Law and Economics Review 2(1):126–69.Google Scholar

Bromley, Patricia and Suárez, David F.. 2013. “Institutional Theories and Levels of Analysis: History, Diffusion, and Translation.” In World Culture Re-Contextualised: Meaning Constellations and Path-Dependencies in Comparative and International Education Research, edited by Schriewer, J., pp. 139–59. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bu, Xiaohong (卜晓虹), Xiaoting, Li, and Lin, Xi. 2015. “‘司法男权化’现象探析与解决之路: 以基层法院离婚案庭审为视角 (An Analysis of and Solution to ‘Judicial Patriarchalization’: From the Perspective of Basic-Level Court Divorce Cases).” 法治论坛 (Nomocracy Forum) (4):3–18.Google Scholar

Buck, Pearl S. 1931. “Chinese Women: Their Predicament in the China of Today.” Pacific Affairs 4(10):905–9.Google Scholar

Cai, Guoqin (蔡国芹) and Xianneng, Cai. 1998. “民事审判方式改革中的程序非正当化倾向 (Tendencies Towards Procedural Unjustifiability in the Reform of Civil Trial Methods).” 嘉应大学学报 (Journal of Jiaying University) (5):30–34.Google Scholar

Cai, Lidong and Yingcheng, Qi. 2019. “Judicial Governance of ‘Fake Divorce’ with Chinese Characteristics: Practical Rationality of the Chinese Courts in the Transitional Period.” The China Review 19(2):99–123.Google Scholar

Cai, Xiaowei (蔡小伟) and Xiaohong, Jiang. 2002. “维护公正: 神圣的职责 – – 湖州市中级人民法院自觉接受监督杜绝超审限案件纪事 (Protecting Justice: A Sacred Duty – Huzhou Municipal Intermediate People’s Court Voluntarily Accepts Supervision to Correct Its Record of Cases Exceeding the Trial Time Limit).” 人民日报 (People’s Daily), May 8, 12.Google Scholar

Cai, Yanmin (蔡彦敏). 2013. “中国民事司法案件管理机制透析 (An Analysis of China’s Civil Judicial Case Management Mechanism).” 中国法学 (China Legal Science) (1):131–43.Google Scholar

Cancian, Maria and Meyer, Daniel R.. 1998. “Who Gets Custody?” Demography 35(2):147–57.Google Scholar

Cancian, Maria, Meyer, Daniel R., Brown, Patricia R., and Cook, Steven T.. 2014. “Who Gets Custody Now? Dramatic Changes in Children’s Living Arrangements After Divorce.” Demography 51(4):1381–96.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cao, Yin. 2018. “Courts Put Domestic Disputes on Hold to Save Marriages.” China Daily, August 13, 6.Google Scholar

Caprioli, Mary, Hudson, Valerie M., Mcdermott, Rose, Bonnie Ballif-Spanvill, Chad F. Emmett, and S. Matthew Stearmer, . 2009. “The WomanStats Project Database: Advancing an Empirical Research Agenda.” Journal of Peace Research 46(6):839–51.Google Scholar

Catlett, Beth Skilken and Artis, Julie E.. 2004. “Critiquing the Case for Marriage Promotion: How the Promarriage Movement Misrepresents Domestic Violence Research.” Violence Against Women 10(11):1226–44.Google Scholar

Chai, Yongjun (柴用君) and Zhu, Jingyuan (朱静渊). 2005. “女子四次申请离婚遭法院驳回自杀抵抗家庭暴力 (Woman Denied Divorce by Court Four Times Commits Suicide to Defy Domestic Violence).” 兰州晨报 (Lanzhou Morning News), August 3. http://news.sohu.com/20050803/n226540723.shtml Google Scholar

Chang, Pi-Chuan, Tseng, Huihsin, and Galen, Andrew. 2018. “Chinese Segmenter v3.9.1.”Google Scholar

Chang, Zhaojun (常照军). 2017. “夫妻琐事闹离婚法官倾心来调解 (Trivial Quarrel Causes Divorce Dispute, Judge Enthusiastically Mediates).” Retrieved August 16, 2018 (www.hncourt.gov.cn/public/detail.php?id=168994).Google Scholar

Chen, Chengjian (陈成建). 2002. “浙江义乌重视法院建设 (Zhejiang’s Yiwu Attaches Importance to Court Construction).” 人民日报 (People’s Daily), January 23, 11.Google Scholar

Chen, Elsie. 2020. “Fatal Domestic Attack Livestreamed in China.” The New York Times, November 15, A16.Google Scholar

Chen, Fei (陈飞) and Yang, Dong. 2016. “家暴案中受虐妇女‘以暴制暴’行为的正当防卫适用 (The Application of Justifiable Self-Defense to Women Abused by Domestic Violence Who ‘Combat Violence With Violence’).” 云南大学学报法学版 (Journal of Yunnan University Law Edition) 29(5):20–30.Google Scholar

Chen, Feinian. 2005. “Residential Patterns of Parents and Their Married Children in Contemporary China: A Life Course Approach.” Population Research and Policy Review 24(2):125–48.Google Scholar

Chen, Feinian, Liu, Guangya, and Mair, Christine A.. 2011. “Intergenerational Ties in Context: Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren in China.” Social Forces 90(2):571–94.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Chen, Kun (陈琨). 2019. “扩大民事案件独任制适用范围的现实路径 – – 基于B 省近3 年独任制适用情况的实践考察 (A Realistic Path to Expanding the Civil System of Solo Judging: A Study of the Practice of the Application of the System of Solo Judging in Province B Over the Past Three Years).” 法律适用 (Journal of Law Application) (15):105–15.Google Scholar

Chen, Lei (陈磊). 2013. “我国将改革人民陪审员制度 (China’s Reform of the System of Lay Assessors).” 法治周末 (Legal Weekly), October 29. www.chinalawyeryn.com/xinwenzhongxin/20131031/17831.html Google Scholar

Chen, Min. 2014. “Anti-Domestic Violence Endeavors by Chinese Courts and the Bangkok Rules.” In Women in Prison: An International Symposium on the Bangkok Rules at the Centre for Comparative and Public Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong, February 25–26. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (https://wipsymposium.org/wip2/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/chen_en.pdf).Google Scholar

Chen, Min (陈敏). 2004. “受虐妇女综合症专家证据在司法实践中的运用 (Applying Expert Evidence on Battered Woman Syndrome in Judicial Practice).” 诉讼法论丛 (Proceedings on Procedure Law) (1):134–72.Google Scholar

Chen, Min (陈敏). 2009. “家庭暴力离婚案件不宜调解结案 (Mediation Is Inappropriate In Divorce Cases Involving Domestic Violence).” 法制日报 (Legal Daily), July 17. http://news.sohu.com/20090717/n265281817.shtml Google Scholar

Chen, Min (陈敏). 2013. “涉家庭暴力案件审理技能 (Trial Skills in Cases Involving Domestic Violence).” Beijing: 人民法院出版社 (People’s Court Press).Google Scholar

Chen, Min (陈敏). 2018. “对谩骂和恐吓的分析、认定和应对 – – 以反家庭暴力法为视角 (Analyzing, Affirming, and Responding to Abuse and Intimidation: From the Perspective of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law).” 人民司法 (People’s Judicature) (7):4–9.Google Scholar

Chen, Ruihua (陈瑞华). 2016a. “法院改革中的九大争议问题 (Nine Controversial Issues in Court Reform).” 中国法律评论 (China Law Review) (3):211–20.Google Scholar

Chen, Ruihua (陈瑞华). 2016b. “法院改革的中国经验 (China’s Court Reform Experience).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 34(4):112–25.Google Scholar

Chen, Wei (陈苇) and Duan, Weiwei. 2012. “法院在防治家庭暴力中的作用实证研究 (Empirical Research on the Function of Courts in the Prevention of Domestic Violence).” 河北法学 (Hebei Law Science) (8):28–38.Google Scholar

Chen, Wei (陈苇) and Zhang, Qinglin. 2015. “离婚诉讼中儿童抚养问题之司法实践及其改进建议 – – 以某县法院2011 – 2013年审结离婚案件为调查对象 (Judicial Practices of Child Custody in Divorce Litigation and Recommendations for Their Changes: A Survey of Divorce Cases from a County Court in 2011–2013).” 河北法学 (Hebei Law Science) (1):13–33.Google Scholar

Chen, Wei and Shi, Lei. 2013. “Developments in China’s Provisions for Postdivorce Relief in the 21st Century and Suggestions for Their Improvement.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 54(5):363–80.Google Scholar

Chen, Wei, Shi, Lei, and Wenjun, He. 2014. “Empirical Research on Judicial Practice of the Post-Divorce Relief System – Targeted on Sampled Cases Handled in a Grass-Roots People’s Court in Chongqing in 2010–2012 China.” International Survey of Family Law 2014:51–70.Google Scholar

Chen, Wei, Shi, Lei, and Zhang, Xin. 2016. “The Divorce Damages System in China: Legislation and Practice.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 30(1):105–14.Google Scholar

Chen, Weidong (陈卫东). 2015. “公民参与司法: 理论、实践及改革 – – 以刑事司法为中心的考察 (Citizen Participation and the Judiciary: Theory, Practice, and Reform: An Investigation Based on Criminal Justice).” 法学研究 (CASS Journal of Law) (2):3–25.Google Scholar

Chen, Weidong (陈卫东). 2019. “诉讼爆炸与法院应对 (The ‘Litigation Explosion’ and the Court Response in China).” 暨南学报 (哲学社会科学版) (Ji’nan Journal [Philosophy and Social Sciences]) (3):13–22.Google Scholar

Chen, Weiqiang (陈炜强). 2013. “《婚姻法》第32 条第2 款新释: 基于社会与国家分离的视角 (A New Interpretation of Article 32, Item 2 of the Marriage Law from the Perspective of the Separation of State and Society.” 西南科技大学学报 Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology 30(1):8–11.Google Scholar

Chen, Xiaoyong (陈小勇). 2005a. “论离婚自由与反对轻率离婚 (On the Freedom of Divorce and Opposition to Frivolous Divorce).” 湖南科技学院学报 (Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering) (1):154–56.Google Scholar

Chen, Xiaoyong (陈小勇). 2005b. “论离婚自由的矛盾及解决办法 (Freedom of Divorce: Contradiction and Countermeasures).” 宿州学院学报 (Journal of Suzhou College) 20(4):22–24.Google Scholar

Chen, Xuefei (陈雪飞). 2007. “离婚案件审理中法官话语的性别偏向 (Gender Bias in Judges’ Discourse during Divorce Trials).” 北大法律评论 (Peking University Law Review) 8(2):386–411.Google Scholar

Chen, Yali (陈雅丽) and Xu, Qianquan. 2018. “编制内法官助理职能定位研究 (Research on the Functions of Judges’ Clerks in the State Personnel System).” 长江大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Yangtze University [Social Sciences]) 41(3):89–94.Google Scholar

Chen, Yongsheng (陈永生) and Bai, Bing. 2016. “法官、检察官员额制改革的限度 (The Limits of the Judge and Procurator Quota System Reform).” 比较法研究 (Journal of Comparative Law) (2):21–48.Google Scholar

Cheng, Chaoyang (程朝阳) and Gao, Xin. 2019. “对‘受虐妇女杀夫’类案件的法理分析 – – 以2014–2018 年典型案例为样本 (A Jurisprudential Analysis of Abused Women Who Kill Their Husbands: A Sample of Typical Cases from 2014–2018).” 山东警察学院学报 (Journal of Shandong Police College) (167):11–20.Google Scholar

Cheng, Fengwei (程丰伟). 2020. “万万没想到: ‘离婚冷静期通知书’该冷静的是当事人还是法院? (I Never Expected This: Should ‘Notices of Cooling-Off Periods’ Apply to Litigants or Courts?).” Retrieved June 1, 2020 (https://new.qq.com/omn/20200523/20200523A0MV3W00.html).Google Scholar

Cheng, Le and Wang, Xin. 2018. “Legislative Exploration of Domestic Violence in the People’s Republic of China: A Sociosemiotic Perspective.” Semiotica 2018(224):249–68.Google Scholar

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Law Rule of Law Indicators Innovation Project Team. 2017. “司法大数据的建设、应用和展望 (Construction, Application, and Outlook of Judicial Big Data).” In 中国法院信息化发展报告 (The Annual Report on the Informatization of Chinese Courts), edited by Li, L. and Tian, H., pp. 88–100. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Chuncheng Evening News. 2018. “冲进法庭掀桌椅辱骂扬言杀法官 (Charging into Courtroom, Toppling Tables and Chairs, Cursing and Threatening to Murder the Judge).” 春城晚报 (Chuncheng Evening News), June 6, A09.Google Scholar

CLY (China Law Yearbook [中国法律年鉴]). Various years. Beijing: 中国法律年鉴社 (China Law Yearbook Press).Google Scholar

Cole, Wade M. 2005. “Sovereignty Relinquished? Explaining Commitment to the International Human Rights Covenants, 1966–1999.” American Sociological Review 70(3):472–95.Google Scholar

Cole, Wade M. 2012. “Human Rights as Myth and Ceremony? Reevaluating the Effectiveness of Human Rights Treaties, 1981–2007.” American Journal of Sociology 117(4):1131–71.Google Scholar

Cole, Wade M. 2013. “Strong Walk and Cheap Talk: The Effect of the International Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights on Policies and Practices.” Social Forces 92(1):165–94.Google Scholar

Cole, Wade M. 2015. “Mind the Gap: State Capacity and the Implementation of Human Rights Treaties.” International Organization 69(02):405–41.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cole, Wade M. and Ramirez, Francisco O.. 2013. “Conditional Decoupling: Assessing the Impact of National Human Rights Institutions, 1981 to 2004.” American Sociological Review 78(4):702–25.CrossRef Google Scholar

Coltrane, Scott and Adams, Michele. 2003. “The Social Construction of the Divorce ‘Problem’: Morality, Child Victims, and the Politics of Gender.” Family Relations 52(4):363–72.Google Scholar

Cui, Lanqin (崔兰琴). 2015. “历史与比较视域下诉讼离婚理由及其伦理限制 (Divorce Litigation Holdings and Their Ethical Limitations in Historical and Comparative Perspective).” 河南财经政法大学学报 (Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law) (4):183–92.Google Scholar

Cui, Yongdong (崔永东). 2016. “法官责任制的定位与规则 (The Positioning of Judge Accountability and Its Rules).” 现代法学 (Modern Law Science) 38(3):28–36.Google Scholar

D’Attoma, Sara. 2019. “百年(不)好合! One Hundred Years of Marital (Un)Happiness! An Analysis of Divorce Proceedings Involving Domestic Violence and the Personal Protection Order System in China.” Journal of Comparative Law 14(2):188–202.Google Scholar

Dahl, Gordon B. and Moretti, Enrico. 2008. “The Demand for Sons.” Review of Economic Studies 75(4):1085–120.CrossRef Google Scholar

Davis, Deborah. 2010. “Who Gets the House? Renegotiating Property Rights in Post-Socialist Urban China.” Modern China 36(5):463–92.CrossRef Google Scholar

Davis, Deborah S. 2014. “Privatization of Marriage in Post-Socialist China.” Modern China 40(6):551–77.Google Scholar

Dawson, Andrew and Swiss, Liam. 2020. “Foreign Aid and the Rule of Law: Institutional Diffusion Versus Legal Reach.” The British Journal of Sociology 71(4):761–84.Google Scholar

Deng, Li (邓丽). 2016. “2015年中国婚姻家庭法治 (China’s Rule of Law in Marriage and Family in 2015).” In 中国法治发展报告 (Annual Report on China’s Rule of Law), edited by Li, L. and Tian, H., 社会科学文献出版社 187–96. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Deng, Li (邓丽). 2017. “身体与身份:家暴受害者在离婚诉讼中的法律困境 (Physical Rights and Marital Status: The Legal Dilemmas of Domestic Violence Victims in Divorce Litigation).” 妇女研究论丛 (Journal of Chinese Women’s Studies) (6):106–15.Google Scholar

Dezalay, Yves and Garth, Bryant G.. 2010. Asian Legal Revivals: Lawyers in the Shadow of Empire. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Diamant, Neil J. 2000a. “Re-Examining the Impact of the 1950 Marriage Law: State Improvisation, Local Initiative and Rural Family Change.” The China Quarterly 161:171–98.Google Scholar

Diamant, Neil J. 2000b. Revolutionizing the Family: Politics, Love, and Divorce in Urban and Rural China, 1949–1968. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Diamant, Neil J. 2001. “Making Love ‘Legible’ in China: Politics and Society during the Enforcement of Civil Marriage Registration, 1950–66.” Politics & Society 29(3):447–80.Google Scholar

DiMaggio, Paul J. and Powell, Walter W.. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48(2):147.Google Scholar

Ding, Pengchao (丁朋超). 2016. “我国民事合议制度内部关系的再改革 (The Re-Reform of the Internal Relations of China’s Civil Collegial Panel System).” 时代法学 (Presentday Law Science) 14(6):82–93.Google Scholar

Dong, Wei (董巍) and Ji, Changsheng. 2016. “公告类离婚纠纷案件中的裁判问题 (Issues Concerning Judicial Decision-Making in Public Notice Divorce Disputes).” 天津法学 (Tianjin Legal Science) 128:88–93.Google Scholar

Drori, Gili S. and Georg, Krücken. 2009. “World Society: A Theory and a Research Program in Context.” In World Society: The Writings of John W. Meyer, edited by Meyer, J. W., Krücken, G., and Drori, G. S., pp. 3–35. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Du, Hu (杜虎). 2020. “‘离婚冷静期’已成法律, 保护弱势的机制得跟上 (The Cooling-Off Period Is Now Law, Mechanisms for Protecting the Vulnerable Must Catch Up).” Retrieved May 30, 2020 (www.sohu.com/a/398460236_665455).Google Scholar

Du, Wanhua (杜万华). 2008. “最高人民法院审判委员会委员、民事审判第一庭庭长杜万华在成都、汕头召开的民事审判专题座谈会上的讲话 (Speech at the Chengdu and Shantou Civil Adjudication Forum by Du Wanhua, Adjudication Committee Member and Chief of the Number One Civil Division of the Supreme People’s Court).” Retrieved January 25, 2020 (www.cn-china.net/sfjs/news/sf/comprehensive/20081231/7821.html).Google Scholar

Du, Wanhua (杜万华). 2018. “论深化家事审判方式和工作机制改革 (On Deepening the Reforms of Trial Mode and Operating Mechanism for Family Justice).” 中国应用法学 (China Review of Administration of Justice) (2):1–9.Google Scholar

Duan, Chengrong (段成荣), Lü, Lidan, Guo, Jing, and Wang, Zongping. 2013. “我国农村留守儿童生存和发展基本状况 – – 基于第六次人口普查数据的分析 (Survival and Development of China’s Left-Behind Children: An Analysis of Data from the Sixth Population Census).” 人口学刊 (Population Journal) 35(3):37–49.Google Scholar

Edelman, Lauren B. 2016. Working Law: Courts, Corporations, and Symbolic Civil Rights. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Emigh, Rebecca Jean. 1997. “The Power of Negative Thinking: The Use of Negative Case Methodology in the Development of Sociological Theory.” Theory and Society 15(3–4):631–54.Google Scholar

Englehart, Neil A. and Miller, Melissa K.. 2014. “The CEDAW Effect: International Law’s Impact on Women’s Rights.” Journal of Human Rights 13(1):22–47.CrossRef Google Scholar

Engstrom, Nora Freeman. 2017. “The Diminished Trial.” Fordham Law Review 86(5):2131–47.Google Scholar

Epstein, Deborah and Goodman, Lisa A.. 2019. “Discounting Women: Doubting Domestic Violence Survivors.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 167(2):399–461.Google Scholar

Equality. 2019. Three Year Monitoring Report on Implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People’s Republic of China 《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》实施三周年监测报告. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (www.equality-beijing.org/editor/attached/file/20190313/20190313181114_7175.docx).Google Scholar

Equality. 2020. 《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》实施四周年监测报告 (Four Year Monitoring Report on Implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People’s Republic of China). Retrieved August 24, 2021 (www.equality-beijing.org/editor/attached/file/20200704/20200704133754_7100.pdf).Google Scholar

Erkkilä, Tero and Piironen, Ossi. 2018. Rankings and Global Knowledge Governance: Higher Education, Innovation and Competitiveness. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Fair, Katie. 2018. “Battered Spouse Syndrome: A Comparative Regional Look at Domestic Abuse and Self-Defense in Criminal Courts.” Lincoln Memorial University Law Review 5(2):1–19.Google Scholar

Fallon, Kathleen M., Aunio, Anna Liisa, and Kim, Jessica. 2018. “Decoupling International Agreements from Domestic Policy: The State and Soft Repression.” Human Rights Quarterly 40(4):932–96.Google Scholar

Fan, Mingzhi (范明志). 2010. “我国司法突发事件应急机制初探 (Exploration of China’s Judicial Emergency Mechanisms).” 法学 (Law Science) (5):135–43.Google Scholar

Fan, Mingzhi (范明志) and Jin, Xiaodan. 2012. “关于人民法院‘案多人少’问题的调研分析 (Research Analysis Regarding the Problem of ‘Many Cases and Few Judges’ in People’s Courts).” 中国审判新闻月刊 (China Trial) (71):98–101.Google Scholar

Fan, Xiancong (范贤聪). 2017. “我国农村离婚问题与对策探析 (An Analysis of China’s Rural Divorce Problems and Countermeasures).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (30):144–45.Google Scholar

Fan, Yu (范愉). 2008. “从诉讼调解到‘消失中的审判’ (From Judicial Mediation to ‘The Vanishing Trial’).” 法制与社会发展 (Law and Social Development) (5):60–69.Google Scholar

Fan, Yu (范愉). 2014. “人民陪审员制度与民众的司法参与 (The System of Lay Assessors and Public Judicial Participation).” 哈尔滨工业大学学报 (社会科学版) Journal of HIT (Social Sciences Edition) 16(1):50–55.Google Scholar

Fang, Hongwei (方宏伟). 2015. “法官流失及其治理研究 (Research on the Judge Attrition and Countermeasures).” 武汉理工大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Wuhan University of Technology [Social Sciences Edition]) 28(3):470–78.Google Scholar

Fei, Xiao (小非). 2010. “‘试离婚’: 游走于法律边缘惹争议 (‘Experimental Divorce’: A Controversy on the Margins of the Law).” 法治与社会 (Rule by Law and the Society) (3):59–61.Google Scholar

Feng, Jiayun. 2020. “Court Denies Divorce to Woman After She Was Paralyzed from A Jump to Escape Domestic Violence.” SupChina.Com. Retrieved July 29, 2020 (https://tinyurl.com/y6rzke7k).Google Scholar

Feng, Jiayun. 2021. “Four Divorce Petitions and Two Protective Orders Aren’t Enough to Allow This Woman to Leave Her Abusive Husband.” SupChina.Com. Retrieved August 3, 2021 (https://supchina.com/2021/04/15/four-divorce-petitions-and-two-protective-orders-arent-enough-to-allow-this-woman-to-leave-her-abusive-husband/).Google Scholar

Feng, Yuqing and Xin, He. 2018. “From Law to Politics: Petitioners’ Framing of Disputes in Chinese Courts.” The China Journal 80:130–49.Google Scholar

Fincher, Leta Hong. 2014. Leftover Women: The Resurgence of Gender Inequality in China. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar

Finder, Susan. 1993. “The Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China .” Journal of Chinese Law 7:145–224.Google Scholar

Firebaugh, Glenn and Goesling, Brian. 2004. “Accounting for the Recent Decline in Global Income Inequality.” American Journal of Sociology 110(2):283–312.Google Scholar

Fourcade, Marion and Savelsberg, Joachim J.. 2006. “Introduction: Global Processes, National Institutions, Local Bricolage: Shaping Law in an Era of Globalization.” Law & Social Inquiry 31(3):513–19.Google Scholar

Frank, David John, Camp, Bayliss J., and Boutcher, Steven A.. 2010. “Worldwide Trends in the Criminal Regulation of Sex, 1945 to 2005.” American Sociological Review 75(6):867–93.Google Scholar

Frank, David John, Hardinge, Tara, and Wosick-Correa, Kassia. 2009. “The Global Dimensions of Rape-Law Reform: A Cross-National Study of Policy Outcomes.” American Sociological Review 74(2):272–90.Google Scholar

Frank, David John, Hironaka, Ann, and Schofer, Evan. 2000. “The Nation-State and the Natural Environment over the Twentieth Century.” American Sociological Review 65(1):96–116.Google Scholar

Frank, David John and Moss, Dana M.. 2017. “Cross-National and Longitudinal Variations in the Criminal Regulation of Sex, 1965 to 2005.” Social Forces 95(3):941–69.Google Scholar

Friedman, Sara L. 2006. Intimate Politics: Marriage, the Market, and State Power in Southeastern China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Frohmann, Lisa. 1991. “Discrediting Victims’ Allegations of Sexual Assault: Prosecutorial Accounts of Case Rejections.” Social Problems 38(2):213–26.Google Scholar

Fu, Ailing and Wang, Jian. 2019. “Till Death, Purchase of Another House, or Occurrence of Other Events Do Us Part: Interests-Oriented Fake Divorce Cases in China.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 60(2):152–70.Google Scholar

Fu, Hualing. 2014. “Autonomy, Courts, and the Politico-Legal Order in Contemporary China.” In The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Criminology, edited by Cao, L., Sun, I. Y., and Hebenton, B., pp. 76–88. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Fu, Yulin. 2018. “Court Management in Transformation China: A Perspective of Civil Justice.” Peking University Law Journal 6(1):81–103.Google Scholar

Fu, Yulin (傅郁林). 2003. “繁简分流与程序保障 (Determining Ordinary or Simplified Procedure and Protecting Due Process).” 法学研究 (CASS Journal of Law) (1):50–63.Google Scholar

Galanter, Marc. 2004. “The Vanishing Trial: An Examination of Trials and Related Matters in Federal and State Courts.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 1(3):459–570.Google Scholar

Gallagher, Anne T. and Chuang, Janie. 2012. “The Use of Indicators to Measure Government Responses to Human Trafficking.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power Through Classification and Rankings, edited by Davis, K., Fisher, A., Kingsbury, B., and Merry, S. E., pp. 317–43. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gallagher, Mary E. 2006. “Mobilizing the Law in China: ‘Informed Disenchantment’ and the Development of Legal Consciousness.” Law & Society Review 40(4):783–816.Google Scholar

Gallagher, Mary E. 2011. “Users and Non-Users: Legal Experience and Its Effects on Legal Consciousness.” In Chinese Justice: Civil Dispute Resolution in Contemporary China, edited by Woo, M. Y. K. and Gallagher, M. E., pp. 204–33. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gallagher, Mary E. 2017. Authoritarian Legality in China: Law, Workers, and the State. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Google Scholar

Gallagher, Mary and Yang, Yujeong. 2017. “Getting Schooled: Legal Mobilization as an Educative Process.” Law & Social Inquiry 42(1):163–94.Google Scholar

General Office of the SPC. 2011. “《最高人民法院关于新形势下进一步加强人民法院基层基础建设的若干意见》的新闻发布稿 (Several Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Strengthening the Construction of the Foundation of Basic-Level People’s Courts Under the Current Situation).” Retrieved December 26, 2019 (www.court.gov.cn/shenpan-xiangqing-3179.html).Google Scholar

Geng, Xueqing (耿学清), and Wang, Yijun. 2018. “全国现有农村留守儿童697万人 (There Are Currently 69.7 Million Left-Behind Children Nationwide).” 中国青年报 (China Youth Daily), October 31, 4.Google Scholar

Gieryn, Thomas. 2018. “Truth Is Also a Place.” Aeon. Retrieved January 11, 2020 (https://aeon.co/essays/labs-courts-and-altars-are-also-traveling-truth-spots).Google Scholar

Glynn, Mary Ann and Raffaelli, Ryan. 2013. “Logic Pluralism, Organizational Design, and Practice Adoption: The Structural Embeddedness of CSR Programs.” In Institutional Logics in Action, Part B, edited by Lounsbury, M. and Boxenbaum, E., pp. 175–97. Bingley, UK: Emerald.Google Scholar

Gong, Xikui. 1998. “Household Registration and the Caste-Like Quality of Peasant Life.” In Streetlife China, edited by Dutton, M., pp.81–92. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Goodmark, Leigh. 2005. “Telling Stories, Saving Lives: The Battered Mothers’ Testimony Project, Women’s Narratives, and Court Reform.” Arizona State Law Journal 37:709–57.Google Scholar

Gould, Jon B. and Barclay, Scott. 2012. “Mind the Gap: The Place of Gap Studies in Sociolegal Scholarship.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 8(1):323–35.Google Scholar

de Graaf, Paul M. and Kalmijn, Matthijs. 2003. “Alternative Routes in the Remarriage Market: Competing-Risk Analyses of Union Formation after Divorce.” Social Forces 81(4):1459–98.Google Scholar

Gruijters, Rob J. and Ermisch, John. 2019. “Patrilocal, Matrilocal, or Neolocal? Intergenerational Proximity of Married Couples in China.” Journal of Marriage and Family 81(3):549–66.Google Scholar

Gu, Peidong (顾培东). 2014. “人民法庭地位与功能的重构 (Reconstruction of the Status and Function of the People’s Tribunal).” 法学研究 (CASS Journal of Law) (1):24–42.Google Scholar

News, Guiyang Evening (贵阳晚报). 2020. “女子不堪家暴跳楼致截瘫, 事发一年没能离成婚, 法院: 不再进行调解 (Case of the Abused Woman Who Jumped Out of a Building Causing Paraplegia, Unable to Divorce a Year Afterwards, Court Says: Will No Longer Mediate).” Retrieved July 30, 2020 (https://tinyurl.com/3wanp9k5).Google Scholar

Guo, Beibei (郭倍倍). 2016. “人民陪审员制度的核心问题与改革路径 (Core Problems and Reform Pathways of the System of Lay Assessors).” 法学 (Law Science) (8):92–99.Google Scholar

Guo, Caiyiling (郭彩懿凌). 2019. “受虐妇女反抗杀夫行为的司法认定探析 (Exploring Judicial Determinations of Abused Women Who Kill Their Husbands).” 中国新通信 (China New Telecommunications) (18):240–42.Google Scholar

Guo, Jianping (郭剑平). 2018. “我国离婚冷静期制度构建的法理学思考 (Reflections on the Jurisprudence of China’s Divorce Cooling-Off Period).” 社会科学家 (Social Scientist) (7):26–34.Google Scholar

Guo, Qichao (郭启朝). 2009. “南阳众法庭竞赛零判决: 法官称标准定得有点高 (Courts in Nanyang Compete in a Zero Adjudication Contest: Judges Say Standards Are Too High).” 大河报 (Dahe News). Retrieved April 21, 2017 (www.dahe.cn/xwzx/sz/t20090219_1489499.htm).Google Scholar

Guo, Shilong (郭士龙). 2018. “浅议新民诉法解释对离婚案件审理的影响 (On the Influence of the New Civil Procedure Law Interpretations on Divorce Trials).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (1):112–13.Google Scholar

Hafner-Burton, Emilie M. and Tsutsui, Kiyoteru. 2005. “Human Rights in a Globalizing World: The Paradox of Empty Promises.” American Journal of Sociology 110(5):1373–1411.Google Scholar

Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., Tsutsui, Kiyoteru, and Meyer, John W.. 2008. “International Human Rights Law and the Politics of Legitimation.” International Sociology 23(1):115–41.Google Scholar

Hagan, John, Levi, Ron, and Ferrales, Gabrielle. 2006. “Swaying the Hand of Justice: The Internal and External Dynamics of Regime Change at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.” Law & Social Inquiry 31(3):585–616.Google Scholar

Haley, Usha C. V. and Haley, George T. 2016. “Think Local, Act Global: A Call to Recognize Competing, Cultural Scripts.” Management and Organization Review 12(01):205–16.Google Scholar

Hallett, Tim. 2010. “The Myth Incarnate: Recoupling Processes, Turmoil, and Inhabited Institutions in an Urban Elementary School.” American Sociological Review 75(1):52–74.Google Scholar

Halliday, Terence C. and Carruthers, Bruce G.. 2009. Bankrupt: Global Lawmaking and Systemic Financial Crisis. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Haltom, William and Michael, McCann. 2004. Distorting the Law: Politics, Media, and the Litigation Crisis. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Han, Su Lin. 2017. “China Has a New Domestic Violence Law. So Why Are Victims Still Often Unsafe?” Retrieved June 4, 2020 (www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/china-has-new-domestic-violence-law-so-why-are-victims-still-often).Google Scholar

Haselschwerdt, Megan L., Hardesty, Jennifer L., and Hans, Jason D.. 2011. “Custody Evaluators’ Beliefs about Domestic Violence Allegations during Divorce: Feminist and Family Violence Perspectives.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26(8):1694–1719.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hathaway, Oona A. 2002. “Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?” The Yale Law Journal 111(8):1935–2042.Google Scholar

He, Jiahong. 2016. Back from the Dead: Wrongful Convictions and Criminal Justice in China. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar

He, Jiahua (何家华) and Yu, Yansong. 2015. “人民陪审员制度价值诉求与实践诉求分离和统合的实证研究: 以河南A县基层人民法院为例 (Empirical Research on the Separation and Integration of the Ideals and Practices of the People’s Assessor System).” 法律社会学评论 (Sociology of Law Review) 243–55.Google Scholar

He, Qianyu (贺茜妤). 2019. “我国诉讼离婚冷静期制度研究 (Research on China’s Divorce Litigation Cooling-Off Period).” 辽宁公安司法管理干部学院学报 (Journal of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice) (5):91–96.Google Scholar

He, Weifang (贺卫方), Zhang, Zhiming, Shen, Guoqin, Gao, Hang, and Zhang, Weiwei. 2012. “《中华人民共和国法院组织法》修改报告 (Report on the Amendment of the Organic Law of Courts of the People’s Republic of China).” Retrieved January 26, 2020 (http://heweifang.blog.caixin.com/archives/48154#more).Google Scholar

He, Xin. 2009. “Routinization of Divorce Law Practice in China: Institutional Constraints’ Influence on Judicial Behaviour.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 23(1):83–109.CrossRef Google Scholar

He, Xin. 2014. “Maintaining Stability by Law: Protest-Supported Housing Demolition Litigation and Social Change in China.” Law & Social Inquiry 39(4):849–73.Google Scholar

He, Xin. 2016. “Double Whammy: Lay Assessors as Lackeys in Chinese Courts.” Law & Society Review 50(3):733–65.Google Scholar

He, Xin. 2017. “‘No Malicious Incidents’: The Concern for Stability in China’s Divorce Law Practice.” Social and Legal Studies 26(4):467–89.Google Scholar

He, Xin. 2021. Divorce in China: Institutional Constraints and Gendered Outcomes. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar

He, Xin and Lin, Fen. 2017. “The Losing Media? An Empirical Study of Defamation Litigation in China.” The China Quarterly 230:371–98.Google Scholar

He, Xin and Kwai, Ng. 2013a. “In the Name of Harmony: The Erasure of Domestic Violence in China’s Judicial Mediation.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 27(1):97–115.Google Scholar

He, Xin and Kwai, Ng. 2013b. “Pragmatic Discourse and Gender Inequality in China.” Law & Society Review 47(2):279–310.Google Scholar

He, Xin and Yang, Su. 2013. “Do the ‘Haves’ Come Out Ahead in Shanghai Courts?” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 10(1):120–45.Google Scholar

Heimer, Carol A. 1999. “Competing Institutions: Law, Medicine, and Family in Neonatal Intensive Care.” Law & Society Review 33(1):17–66.Google Scholar

Henan High People’s Court. 2018. “法院判决离婚案件标准精华版 (2018年最新) (Standards for Judging Divorce Cases, the Essential Version [the Newest from 2018]).” Retrieved January 26, 2020 (www.hncourt.gov.cn/public/detail.php?id=174695).Google Scholar

Henan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences Research Team (河南省社会科学院课题组). 2017. “2016年河南法治建设状况与2017年展望 (Henan’s Rule of Law Situation in 2016 and Outlook for 2017).” In 河南法治发展报告 (Annual Report on Rule of Law Development in Henan), edited by Ding, T. and Zhang, L., pp. 1–19. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Henan Provincial Bureau of Justice. 2014. 河南省基层法律服务工作者名录 (2014年度) (Henan Provincial Roster of Legal Workers for 2014). 河南省司法厅 (Henan Provincial Bureau of Justice).Google Scholar

Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics. 2015. 河南统计年鉴 (Henan Statistical Yearbook). Beijing: China Statistics Press.Google Scholar

Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics. 2019. 河南统计年鉴 (Henan Statistical Yearbook). Beijing: China Statistics Press.Google Scholar

Henan Provincial Bureau of Statistics. Various years. “Henan Statistical Datasheet.” Retrieved (https://www.china-data-online.com/).Google Scholar

Henan Provincial High Court. 2016. “裁判文书上网的河南实践 (Henan’s Practice of Posting Court Decisions Online).” In 河南法治发展报告 (Annual Report on Rule of Law Development in Henan), edited by Ding, T. and Zhang, L., pp. 167–72. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Hendley, Kathryn. 2009. “‘Telephone Law’ and the ‘Rule of Law’: The Russian Case.” Hague Journal on the Rule of Law 1(2):241–62.Google Scholar

Hendley, Kathryn. 2017. Everyday Law in Russia. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Hendrix, Cullen S. 2010. “Measuring State Capacity: Theoretical and Empirical Implications for the Study of Civil Conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 47(3):273–85.Google Scholar

Hengyang County Court. 2021. “衡阳县人民法院关于‘宁顺花诉陈定华离婚纠纷案’的情况通报 (Notice on the Situation Concerning the Hengyang County People’s Court’s ‘Ning Shunhua v. Chen Dinghua Divorce Case’).” Retrieved August 3, 2021 (https://m.weibo.cn/status/4626303921946658?).Google Scholar

Higuchi, Koichi. 2020. “KH Coder: For Quantitative Content Analysis or Text Mining (v3.Beta.01e).” Retrieved July 6, 2020 (https://github.com/ko-ichi-h/khcoder).Google Scholar

Honig, Emily and Hershatter, Gail. 1988. Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980s. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Hou, Hongbin (侯虹斌). 2020. “‘完美受害者’拉姆: 杀死她的, 不只是她前夫 (Lamu, the ‘Perfect Victim’: She Was Murdered Not Only by Her Ex-Husband).” Retrieved October 2, 2020 (https://perma.cc/452Z-36WC).Google Scholar

Hou, Jianbin (侯建斌). 2018. “构建家事审判改革协同机制 (Constructing a Domestic Relations Trial Reform Collaborative Mechanism).” 法制日报 (Legal Daily). Retrieved July 30, 2018 (www.legaldaily.com.cn/index_article/content/2018-05/19/content_7548459.htm?node=5955).Google Scholar

Hou, Meng (侯猛). 2017. “《人民法院组织法》大修应当缓行 – – 基于法官制度的观察 (Major Revisions of the Organic Law of the Courts Should Be Slowed Down: Observations of the System of Judges).” 中国法律评论 (China Law Review) (6):46–54.Google Scholar

Hou, Shumei, and Keith, Ronald C.. 2012. “A New Prospect for Transparent Court Judgment in China?” China Information 26(1):61–86.Google Scholar

Hou, Zhanglei (侯章磊). 2019. “社会工作介入农村留守儿童教育问题研究 – – 以信阳市Y 小学农村留守儿童为例 (Research on Social Work Intervention Into Left-Behind Children’s Education: The Case of Rural Left-Behind Children in Y Primary School in the City of Xinyang).” 社会与公益 (Society and Public Welfare) (2):66–71.Google Scholar

Hsia, Tao-tai and Johnson, Constance Axinn. 1986. Law Making in the People’s Republic of China: Terms, Procedures, Hierarchy, and Interpretation. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Law Library.Google Scholar

Htun, Mala and Laurel Weldon, S.. 2015. “Religious Power, the State, Women’s Rights, and Family Law.” Politics & Gender 11(3):451–77.Google Scholar

Htun, Mala and Laurel Weldon, S.. 2018. The Logics of Gender Justice: State Action on Women’s Rights Around the World. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Htun, Mala and Laurel Weldon, S.. n.d. “Replication Files.” Retrieved February 17, 2021 (https://malahtun.com/publications/).Google Scholar

Hu, Changming (胡昌明). 2015. “中国法官职业满意度考察: 以2660份问卷为样本的分析 (A Survey of Chinese Judges’ Work Satisfaction: An Analysis of a Sample of 2,660 Questionnaires).” 中国法律评论 (China Law Review) (4):194–206.Google Scholar

Hu, Haipeng (胡海鹏). 2019. “离婚诉讼二次判离潜规则的批判与规制探究 – – 以离婚冷静期制度的构建为视角 (Critiquing and Regulating the Unwritten Rule of Granting Second-Attempt Divorce Petitions).” Retrieved December 31, 2019 (https://perma.cc/2RGE-DKBT).Google Scholar

Hu, Jingchao. 2015. “Ngender (v0.1.0).” Retrieved June 21, 2019 (https://github.com/observerss/ngender).Google Scholar

Hu, Mingyu (胡明玉). 2016. “离婚诉讼中的妇女儿童权益保障 – – 以海南省基层法院审结离婚案件为对象 (Guaranteeing the Rights and Interests of Women and Children in Divorce Litigation: Divorce Decisions in Hainan Province’s Basic-Level Courts).” 中国统计 (China Statistics) (7):24–27.Google Scholar

Hu, Mingyu (胡明玉) and Shen, Xince. 2016. “离婚诉讼中儿童权益法律保障情况实证调查研究 – – 以海南省三个基层法院审结离婚案件为调查对象 (Empirical Survey Research on the Situation of Legal Protections to the Rights and Interests of Children in Divorce Litigation: A Survey of Divorce Cases from Three Basic-Level Courts in Hainan Province).” 海南大学学报人文社会科学版 (Humanities & Social Sciences Journal of Hainan University) (3):122–31.Google Scholar

Hu, Ran, Xue, Jia, Kai Lin, Ivan Y. Sun, Yuning Wu, and Wang, Xiying. 2020. “The Patterns and Influencing Factors of Help-Seeking Decisions among Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in China.” Journal of Family Violence 36:669-681.Google Scholar

Huan, Xiaojun (郇小军). 2014. “离婚案件‘首次判不离’, 另一种法律规避 – – 兼论《婚姻法》第三十二条与现实的不兼容 (The ‘First-Attempt Denial’ of Divorce Cases as Another Type of Legal Evasion: The Incompatability of Article 32 of the Marriage Law and Current Practices).” Retrieved December 27, 2019 (http://jjzy.chinacourt.gov.cn/article/detail/2014/07/id/2614026.shtml).Google Scholar

Huang, Philip C. C. 2005. “Divorce Law Practices and the Origins, Myths, and Realities of Judicial ‘Mediation’ in China.” Modern China 31(2):151–203.Google Scholar

Huang, Philip C. C. 2006. “Court Mediation in China, Past and Present.” Modern China 32(3):275–314.Google Scholar

Huang, Philip C. C. 2016. “The Past and Present of the Chinese Civil and Criminal Justice Systems.” Modern China 42(3):227–72.Google Scholar

Hudson, Valerie M., Bowen, Donna Lee, and Nielsen, Perpetua Lynne. 2011. “What Is the Relationship between Inequity in Family Law and Violence against Women? Approaching the Issue of Legal Enclaves.” Politics & Gender 7(4):453–92.Google Scholar

Hug, Simon and Wegmann, Simone. 2016. “Complying with Human Rights.” International Interactions 42(4):590–615.Google Scholar

Hung, Ho-fung and Kucinskas, Jaime. 2011. “Globalization and Global Inequality: Assessing the Impact of the Rise of China and India, 1980–2005.” American Journal of Sociology 116(5):1478–1513.Google Scholar

Information Office of the State Council. 2015. “Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China.” Retrieved March 11, 2019 (www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/2015/Document/1449894/Image/201509221449894_336090.pdf).Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald F., Ponarin, Eduard, and Inglehart, Ronald C.. 2017. “Cultural Change, Slow and Fast: The Distinctive Trajectory of Norms Governing Gender Equality and Sexual Orientation.” Social Forces 95(4):1313–40.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald and Norris, Pippa. 2003. Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Innes de Neufville, Judith. 1986. “Human Rights Reporting as a Policy Tool: An Examination of the State Department Country Reports.” Human Rights Quarterly 8(4):681–99.Google Scholar

Jaffe, Peter G., Johnston, Janet R., Crooks, Claire V., and Bala, Nicholas. 2008. “Custody Disputes Involving Allegations of Domestic Violence: Toward A Differentiated Approach to Parenting Plans.” Family Court Review 46(3):500–522.Google Scholar

Jeffries, Samantha. 2016. “In the Best Interests of the Abuser: Coercive Control, Child Custody Proceedings and the ‘Expert’ Assessments That Guide Judicial Determinations.” Laws 5(1):1–17.Google Scholar

Jia, Jianbing (贾建兵), Chen, Sanqi, Wang, Lirong, Zhao, Lin, and Liu, Bing. 2014. “完善审判权运行机制着力化解涉诉信访 – – 河南省三门峡市中院关于审判权运行与涉诉信访问题的调研报告 (Perfecting Adjudicatory Mechanisms for Reducing Petitions Generated by Litigation: Research Report on Henan Province’s Sanmenxia Municipal Intermediate Court).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), May 1, 8.Google Scholar

Jiang, Feng (姜峰). 2015. “法院‘案多人少’与国家治道变革: 转型时期中国的政治与司法忧思 (Courts’ ‘Many Cases, Few Judges’ and National Governance Change: Political and Judicial Concerns in China’s Era of Transformation).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 32(3):25–37.Google Scholar

Jiang, Jinliang (姜金良) and Zhu, Zhenyuan. 2014. “司法如何保护婚姻: 基于离婚案件二次起诉现象的分析 (How the Judiciary Protects Marriage: An Analysis Based on the Phenomenon of Second-Attempt Divorce Petitions).” 汕头大学学报 (人文社会科学版) Shantou University Journal (Humanities & Social Sciences Bimonthly) 30(2):81–88.Google Scholar

Jiang, Jue. 2019. “The Family as a Stronghold of State Stability: Two Contradictions in China’s Anti-Domestic Violence Efforts.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 33(2):228–51.Google Scholar

Jiang, Quanbao, Feldman, Marcus W., and Shuzhuo, Li. 2014. “Marriage Squeeze, Never-Married Proportion, and Mean Age at First Marriage in China.” Population Research and Policy Review 33(2):189–204.Google Scholar

Jiang, Yongping (蒋永萍). 2016. “提高妇女地位国家机制的回顾与分析 (A Review and Analysis of Government Mechanisms for Raising the Status of Women).” In 2013–2015年: 中国性别平等与妇女发展报告 (Annual Report on Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China [2013–2015]), edited by Tan, L., pp. 125–36. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Jiang, Yue (蒋月). 2009a. “改革开放三十年中国离婚法研究: 回顾与展望 (Looking Back and Ahead at China’s Marriage Law After Thirty Years of Reform and Opening Up).” 法学家 (The Jurist) 1:63–84.Google Scholar

Jiang, Yue (蒋月). 2009b. “论我国现行法定离婚理由立法主义 (China’s Current Statutory Grounds for Divorce).” 东方法学 (Oriental Law) 4:17–28.Google Scholar

Jiang, Yue (蒋月). 2019. “我国反家庭暴力法适用效果评析 – – 以2016 – 2018年人民法院民事判决书为样本 (An Analysis of the Application of China’s Anti-Domestic Violence Law: A 2016–2018 Sample of People’s Court Decisions).” 中华女子学院学报 (Journal of China Women’s University) (3):13–22.Google Scholar

Jiangsu Province Nantong Municipal Intermediate People’s Court Research Team (江苏省南通市中级人民法院课题组). 2013. “关于人民法院‘事多人少’问题的调研报告 (Research Report on the Problem of ‘Many Cases, Few Judges’ in People’s Courts).” 中国审判新闻月刊 (China Trial) (91):98–101.Google Scholar

Jin, Fucheng (靳付成) and Zhou, Zheng. 2018. “兴也, 衰也?从数据看基层法律服务工作者的现状和未来 (Rising or Falling? Assessing the Current Situation and Future from Statistics on Basic-Level Legal Workers).” Retrieved August 16, 2018 (www.zhihedongfang.com/54468.html).Google Scholar

Jin, Ha. 2000. Waiting. Vintage.Google Scholar

Jin, Hao (靳昊). 2017. “‘不要再让法袍染血’ – – 从伤害法官事件看如何守护‘守护者’ (No More Bloodstains on the Robes of Justice: Incidents of Harm To Judges as a Window on How to Guard the Guardians).” 光明日报 (Guangming Daily), March 1, 5.Google Scholar

Johnson, Kay Ann. 1983. Women, the Family and Peasant Revolution in China. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Judicial Big Data Research Institute (司法大数据研究院). 2018. “司法大数据专题报告之离婚纠纷 (Judicial Big Data Special Topic Report: Divorce Disputes).” Retrieved June 13, 2019 (www.court.gov.cn/upload/file/2018/03/23/09/33/20180323093343_53196.pdf).Google Scholar

Kennedy, John James and Shi, Yaojiang. 2019. Lost and Found: The “Missing Girls” in Rural China. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kinkel, Jonathan J. 2015. “High-End Demand: The Legal Profession as a Source of Judicial Selection Reform in Urban China.” Law and Social Inquiry 40(4):969–1000.Google Scholar

Kinkel, Jonathan J. and Hurst, William J.. 2015. “The Judicial Cadre Evaluation System in China: From Quantification to Intra-State Legibility.” The China Quarterly 224:933–54.Google Scholar

Kuo, Lily. 2018. “Chinese Province Introduces ‘Divorce Test’ for Couples Planning to Split.” The Guardian. Retrieved January 24, 2020 (www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/23/chinese-province-introduces-divorce-test-for-couples-planning-to-split).Google Scholar

Kuo, Lily. 2020. “Anger in China at Law Ordering ‘Cooling-Off’ Period Before Divorce.” The Guardian, May 29. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/29/anger-in-china-at-law-ordering-cooling-off-period-before-divorce).Google Scholar

Landis, J. Richard, and Koch, Gary G.. 1977. “The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data.” Biometrics 33(1):159–74.Google Scholar

Lang, Yanling (郎燕玲). 2016. “对离婚案件中留守儿童的法律思考 (Legal Thoughts On Left Behind Children In Divorce Cases).” 公民与法 (Citizen and Law) (12):29–41.Google Scholar

Law, Yik Wa, Chan, Melissa, Zhang, Huiping, Tai, Lianne, Tsang, Sandra, Chu, Patricia, and Yip, Paul. 2019. “Divorce in Hong Kong SAR, 1999–2011: A Review of 1,208 Family Court Cases.” Journal of Divorce and Remarriage 60(5):389–403.Google Scholar

Lazarus-Black, Mindie. 2007. Everyday Harm: Domestic Violence, Court Rites, and Cultures of Reconciliation. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Ledeneva, Alena. 2008. “Telephone Justice in Russia.” Post-Soviet Affairs 24(4):324–50.Google Scholar

Lee, Ching Kwan and Zhang, Yonghong. 2013. “The Power of Instability: Unraveling the Microfoundations of Bargained Authoritarianism in China.” American Journal of Sociology 118(6):1475–508.Google Scholar

Lei, Ya-Wen and Zhou, Daniel Xiaodan. 2015. “Contesting Legality in Authoritarian Contexts: Food Safety, Rule of Law and China’s Networked Public Sphere.” Law & Society Review 49(3):557–93.Google Scholar

Li, Boyang (李波阳) and Jia, Min. 2019. “对家暴受虐妇女杀夫案件量刑的实证分析 – – 以某省女子监狱24 起案例为样本 (An Empirical Analysis of Criminal Sentencing of Female Abuse Victims Who Kill Their Husbands: A Sample of 24 Cases of Female Inmates in Province X).” 犯罪研究 (Chinese Criminology Review) (5):61–71.Google Scholar

Li, Hongxiang (李洪祥). 2014. “离婚妇女婚姻家庭权益司法保障实证研究: 以吉林省中等发达地区某基层法院2010– 2012 年抽样调查的离婚案件为对象 (Empirical Research on the Judicial Protection of Women’s Marriage and Family Rights in Divorce).” 当代法学 (Contemporary Law Review) (5):79–88.Google Scholar

Li, Hongxiang (李洪祥). 2015. “我国离婚率上升的特点及其法律对策 (Characteristics of and Legal Responses to China’s Rising Divorce Rate).” 社会科学战线 (Social Science Front) (6):211–19.Google Scholar

Li, Hongxiang (李洪祥), Wang, Xiyuan, and Zheng, Kaibo. 2016. “离婚家庭儿童权益法律保障司法调查分析 – – 以吉林省经济发展程度不同地区离婚案件为例 (An Analysis of Protections of the Rights and Interests of Children in Divorce: Divorce Cases from Economically Diverse Parts of Jilin Province).” 中华女子学院学报 (Journal of China Women’s University) (3):14–22.Google Scholar

Li, Huabin (李华斌). 2014. “三门峡法院: 建设新型合议庭规范审判权运行的探路者 (Sanmenxia Courts: Trailblazers of the New Collegial Panel).” 中国审判新闻月刊 (China Trial) (1):42–45.Google Scholar

Li, Jiahong (李桂红), and Ye, Feng. 2015. “司法改革语境下司法辅助事务管理模式的构建 (The Formation of Models for the Administration of Trial Work Assistance in the Conext of Judicial Reform).” 上海政法学院学报(法治论丛) (Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law [The Rule of Law Forum]) (4):102–12.Google Scholar

Li, Ke. 2015a. “Divorce, Help-Seeking, and Gender Inequality in Rural China.” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Indiana University Bloomington.Google Scholar

Li, Ke. 2015b. “‘What He Did Was Lawful’: Divorce Litigation and Gender Inequality in China.” Law & Policy 37(3):153–79.Google Scholar

Li, Ke. 2016. “Relational Embeddedness and Socially Motivated Case Screening in the Practice of Law in Rural China.” Law & Society Review 50(4):920–52.Google Scholar

Li, Ke. 2020. “Land Dispossession and Women’s Rights Contention in Rural China.” China Law and Society Review 5(1):33–65.Google Scholar

Li, Ke. 2022. Marriage Unbound: Divorce Litigation, Power, and Inequality in Contemporary China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Li, Ke and Friedman, Sara L.. 2016. “Wedding Marriage to the Nation-State in Modern China: Legal Consequences for Divorce, Property, and Women’s Rights.” In Domestic Tensions, National Anxieties: Global Perspectives on Marriage, Crisis, and Nation, edited by Celello, K. and Kholoussy, H., pp. 147–69. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Li, Ling. 2010. “Legality, Discretion and Informal Practices in China’s Courts: A Socio-Legal Investigation of Private Transactions in the Course of Litigation.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Faculty of Law, Leiden University.Google Scholar

Li, Qiongyu (李琼宇), Liu, Shufen, and Yang, Lin. 2013. “家庭暴力在离婚诉讼案件中的认定与处断: 以贵阳市南明区人民法院2010 年度离婚案件为调查对象 (Affirming and Negating Domestic Violence in Divorce Litigation: An Investigation of Divorce Cases in the Nanming District People’s Court of Guiyang City).” 哈尔滨学院学报 Journal of Harbin University 34(7):32–36.Google Scholar

Li, Shuming (李曙明). 2020. “热评: 检察院法院回应 ‘女子不堪家暴跳楼事件’逐渐清晰 (Commentary: Procuracy’s Response to the ‘Case of the Abused Woman Who Jumped Out of a Building’ Gradually Clarifies).” CCTV.Com. Retrieved July 29, 2020 (https://tinyurl.com/y3ydnx44).Google Scholar

Li, Tiezhu (李铁柱). 2017. “四川发出首份离婚冷静期通知书 (Sichuan Issues Its First Notice of Cooling-Off Period).” 北京青年报 (Beijing Youth Daily), March 22, A10.Google Scholar

Li, Ting (李婷). 2018. “留守儿童心理状况研究 – – 基于河南省的实际 (Research on the Psychological Condition of Left-Behind Children: The Reality in Henan).” 行政事业资产与财务 (Assets and Finances in Administration and Institution) (14):39–40.Google Scholar

Li, Xiuping (李秀平). 2001. “《婚姻法》怎解离婚难题 (How to Resolve Difficult Issues in the New Marriage Law?).” 法律与生活 (Law & Life) 1:4–9.Google Scholar

Li, Xiuping (李秀平). 2003. “妻子, 被蹂躏与被掠夺 (Wives, Downtrodden and Preyed On).” 法律与生活 (Law & Life) (5):2–8.Google Scholar

Li, Xuejing (李雪菁). 2014. “基层一线法官的职业困境与对策 – – 以广西南宁市基层法院为例 (Frontline Judges’ Plight and Countermeasures: The Case of a Basic-Level Court in Guangxi Province’s City of Nanning).” 中外企业家 (Chinese & Foreign Entrepreneurs) (2):219–23.Google Scholar

Li, Yedan, Kocken, Joris, and Benjamin, van Rooij. 2016. “Understanding China’s Court Mediation Surge: Insights from a Local Court.” Law & Social Inquiry 43(1):58–81.Google Scholar

Li, Yongjun (李拥军) and Zhou, Fangfang. 2018. “我国判决说理激励机制适用问题之探讨 (On the Application of Incentive Mechanisms to Judgment Reasoning in China).” 法制与社会发展 (Law and Social Development) (3):57–69.Google Scholar

Liang, Xuguang (梁旭光). 1982. “反对轻率离婚 (Opposition to Frivolous Divorce).” 道德与文明 (Morality and Civilization) p.19.Google Scholar

Lieberman, Evan S. 2002. “Taxation Data as Indicators of State-Society Relations: Possibilities and Pitfalls in Cross-National Research.” Studies in Comparative International Development 36(4):89–115.Google Scholar

Lieberman, Evan S. 2005. “Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research.” American Political Science Review 99(03):435–52.Google Scholar

Liebman, Benjamin L. 2011a. “A Populist Threat to China’s Courts?” In Chinese Justice: Civil Dispute Resolution in Contemporary China, edited by Woo, M. Y. K. and Gallagher, M. E., pp.269–313. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Liebman, Benjamin L. 2011b. “A Return to Populist Legality? Historical Legacies and Legal Reform.” In Mao’s Invisible Hand, edited by Heilmann, S. and Perry, E. J., pp. 269–313. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Liebman, Benjamin L. 2013. “Malpractice Mobs: Medical Dispute Resolution in China.” Columbia Law Review 113:181–264.Google Scholar

Liebman, Benjamin L. 2014. “Legal Reform: China’s Law-Stability Paradox.” Daedalus 143(2):96–109.Google Scholar

Liebman, Benjamin L. 2015. “Leniency in Chinese Criminal Law? Everyday Justice in Henan.” Berkeley Journal of International Law 33(1):153–222.Google Scholar

Liebman, Benjamin L., Margaret Roberts, Rachel E. Stern, and Wang, Alice Z.. 2020. “Mass Digitization of Chinese Court Decisions: How to Use Text as Data in the Field of Chinese Law.” Journal of Law and Courts 8(2):177–201.Google Scholar

Liebowitz, Debra J. and Zwingel, Susanne. 2014. “Gender Equality Oversimplified: Using CEDAW to Counter the Measurement Obsession.” International Studies Review 16(3):362–89.Google Scholar

Lin, Hui (林辉). 2008. “论法官员额制度的推进 (On the Advancement of Judge Quota Systems).” 法制与经济 (Legal and Economic) (10):20–21.Google Scholar

Lin, Kai, Sun, Ivan, Yuning, Wu, and Xue, Jia. 2021. “Chinese Police Officers’ Attitudes toward Domestic Violence Interventions: Do Training and Knowledge of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law Matter?” Policing & Society. 31(7):878–94.Google Scholar

Lin, Xi (林曦), Bu, Xiaohong, and Li, Xiaoting. 2015. “司法担当论: 以离婚纠纷案件为视角 (Engaged Justice: From the Perspective of Divorce Cases).” 治理研究 (Governance Studies) (3):123–28.Google Scholar

Lipsky, Michael. 2010. Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service. 30th Anniv. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar

Liu, Baijun (刘百军) and Shi, Fei. 2016. “云南涉家暴刑案首次引入专家证人 (In Yunnan Criminal Domestic Violence Case First-Ever Admission of Expert Witness Testimony).” 法制日报 (Legal Daily), March 25, 3.Google Scholar

Liu, Hong and Ning, Li. 1992. “Divorce in China.” Beijing Review (September 7–13):28–30.Google Scholar

Liu, Jianqing (刘建清). 2017. “试论法官职业倦怠及其应对策略 (On Judge’s Occupational Burnout and Its Countermeasures).” 新余学院学报 (Journal of Xinyu University) 22(4):63–67.Google Scholar

Liu, Junmei (刘君眉). 2016. “我市推行反家暴‘告诫制度’底气更足 (Our City’s Anti-Domestic Violence ‘Warning System’ Boosts Confidence).” 温州都市报 (Wenzhou Metropolitan News), March 1, 9.Google Scholar

Liu, Li (刘黎). 2013. “离婚案件中家庭暴力的认定与处理 (Affirming and Handling Domestic Violence in Divorce Cases).” 人民司法 (People’s Judicature) (22):77–80.Google Scholar

Liu, Lianjun (刘练军). 2019. “‘红’与‘专’: 法官职业认知的理念与规范叙事 (‘Red’ and ‘Specialized’: Perceptions and Rules about Judges).” 法治研究 (Research on Rule of Law) (5):95–110.Google Scholar

Liu, Lixia (刘立霞), and Liu, Rui. 2020. “家庭暴力下受虐妇女杀夫案的量刑研究 (Research on Criminal Sentencing in Cases of Abused Women Killing Their Husbands).” 燕山大学学报 (哲学社会科学版) (Journal of Yanshan University [Philosophy and Social Science]) 21(2):43–50.Google Scholar

Liu, Meng and Chan, Cecilia. 1999. “Enduring Violence and Staying in Marriage: Stories of Battered Women in Rural China.” Violence Against Women 5(12):1469–92.Google Scholar

Liu, Min (刘敏). 2012. “二次离婚诉讼审判规则的实证研究 (Empirical Research on Patterns of Two-Trial Divorce Litigation).” 法商研究 (Studies in Law and Business) (6):80–84.Google Scholar

Liu, Sida. 2006. “Beyond Global Convergence: Conflicts of Legitimacy in a Chinese Lower Court.” Law and Social Inquiry 31(1):75–106.Google Scholar

Liu, Sida. 2011. “Lawyers, State Officials and Significant Others: Symbiotic Exchange in the Chinese Legal Services Market.” The China Quarterly 206:276–93.Google Scholar

Liu, Sida and Halliday, Terence C.. 2016. Criminal Defense in China: The Politics of Lawyers at Work. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Liu, Sida, Liang, Lily, and Michelson, Ethan. 2014. “Migration and Social Structure: The Spatial Mobility of Chinese Lawyers.” Law & Policy 36(2):165–94.Google Scholar

Liu, Wancheng (刘万成) and Zheng, Yongjian. 2018. “家事审判中离婚冷静期的合理性证成与完善 (Justification and Improvement of the Reasonableness of the Domestic Relations Trial Reform’s Cooling-Off Period).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), July 11, 7.Google Scholar

Liu, Xiaobin (刘小斌). 2014. “民事简易程序适用效果不佳之程序外因素研究 (Research on Extra-Procedural Factors Behind Poor Outcomes in the Application of the Simplified Civil Procedure).” Retrieved October 6, 2020 (www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2014/05/id/1291034.shtml).Google Scholar

Liu, Yahui (刘亚辉). 2016. “省十二届人大五次会议举行第二次大会 (Second Meeting of the Fifth Session of the 12th Henan Provincial People’s Congress).” 河南日报 (Henan Daily), February 4, 1.Google Scholar

Liu, Ye, Stillwell, John, Shen, Jianfa, and Daras, Konstantinos. 2014. “Interprovincial Migration, Regional Development and State Policy in China, 1985–2010.” Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 7(1):47–70.Google Scholar

Liu, Yu (刘瑜). 2011. “‘被离婚’奇案,还是‘再离婚’闹剧? – – ‘钢铁大王’杜双华家里那本难念的经 (A Case of ‘Unwittingly Divorced’ Or A Farce of ‘Re-Divorced’? Steel Magnate Du Shuanghua’s Family Skeleton in the Closet).” 民主与法制 (Democracy and Legal System) 16:38–41.Google Scholar

Long, J. Scott, and Freese, Jeremy. 2014. Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. 3rd ed. College Station, TX: Stata Press.Google Scholar

Long, J. Scott, and Mustillo, Sarah A.. 2021. “Using Predictions and Marginal Effects to Compare Groups in Regression Models for Binary Outcomes.” Sociological Methods & Research 50(3):1284–320.Google Scholar

Lou, Bixian (娄必县). 2018. “法官职业危机的克服与豁免权构建 (Overcoming the Professional Crisis of Judges and Constructing the Judge’s Immunity).” 武汉理工大学学报 (社会科学版) (Wuhan University of Technology [Social Science Edition]) 31(3):110–16.Google Scholar

Lu, Liya (卢利亚). 2017. “农村留守儿童的监护: 问题及对策 (Guardianship of Left-Behind Children in the Countryside: Problems and Countermeasures).” 当代教育理论与实践 (Theory and Practice of Contemporary Education) 9(5):1–6.Google Scholar

Lu, Pin. 2018. “Two Years On: Is China’s Domestic Violence Law Working?” Retrieved June 21, 2019 (www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2018/03/is-china-domestic-violence-law-working/).Google Scholar

Lü, Yuedu (吕岳督). 2015. “基层人民法院合议庭运行机制研究 – – 以民商事审判为视角 (Research on the Operation of Basic-Level Collegial Panels: From the Perspective of Civil and Commercial Adjudication).” Retrieved January 26, 2020 (http://zzfy.hncourt.gov.cn/public/detail.php?id=22447).Google Scholar

Luo, Dongchuan (罗东川), and Huang, Bin. 2011. “我国司法效率改革的实践探索: 立足于当前人民法院‘案多人少’问题的思考 (Exploring China’s Judicial Efficiency Reforms in Practice: Thoughts on the Current Problem of ‘Many Cases, Few Judges’ in People’s Courts).” 法律适用 (Journal of Law Application) (3):8–13.Google Scholar

Luo, Ling (罗玲). 2016. “裁判离婚理由影响因素实证研究: 以 2010 – 2011年河南省的部分离婚纠纷案件判决文书为样本 (An Empirical Study of the Factors Affecting the Legal Grounds for Divorce: A 2010–2011 Sample of Divorce Judgments from Henan Province).” 中华女子学院学报 (Journal of China Women’s University) (1):14–23.Google Scholar

Ma, Chao (马超), Yu, Xiaohong, and He, Haibo. 2016. “大数据分析: 中国司法裁判文书上网公开报告 (Big Data Analysis: A Report of China Judgements Online).” 中国法律评论 (China Law Review) 4:195–246.Google Scholar

Ma, Mingyang (马名扬). 2018. “离婚冷静期通知书, 只想让你更懂得珍惜 (The Divorce Cooling-Off Notice Is Only to Help You Cherish What You Have).” 婚姻与家庭(社会纪实) (Marriage & Family) (2):16–18.Google Scholar

Ma, Yi’nan (马忆南). 2006. “婚姻法第32条实证研究 (Empirical Research on Article 32 of the Marriage Law).” 金陵法律评论 (Jin Ling Law Review) 1:20–27.Google Scholar

Ma, Yi’nan (马忆南) and Luo, Ling. 2014. “裁判离婚理由立法研究 (Research on Court Holdings in Divorce Rulings).” 法学论坛 (Legal Forum) 29(4):34–44.Google Scholar

Maynard-Moody, Steven and Portillo, Shannon. 2010. “Street-Level Bureaucracy Theory.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Bureaucracy, edited by Durant, R. F., pp. 253–77. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

McConville, Mike, Choongh, Satnam, Wan, Pinky Choy Dick, Hong, Eric Chui Wing, Dobinson, Ian, and Jones, Carol. 2011. Criminal Justice in China: An Empirical Inquiry. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

McHugh, Marry L. 2012. “Interrater Reliability: The Kappa Statistic.” Biochemia Medica 22(3):276–82.Google Scholar

Meng, Chongyan (孟崇彦). 2012. “改革和完善我国法院调解制度的思考 – – 从比较法的角度 (Reflections on Reforming and Perfecting China’s Judicial Mediation System: A Comparative Law Perspective).” 法制博览 (Legality Vision) (3):85–87.Google Scholar

Meng, Qingkui (孟庆魁). 1982. “要重视和加强民事审判工作 (Trial Work Must Be Given Attention and Strengthened).” 人民司法 (People’s Judicature) (9):15–16.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. 1990. Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness Among Working-Class Americans. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. 2006. Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. 2009. Gender Violence: A Cultural Perspective. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Merry, Sally Engle. 2016. The Seductions of Quantification: Measuring Human Rights, Gender Violence, and Sex Trafficking. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Meyer, John W. 2010. “World Society, Institutional Theories, and the Actor.” Annual Review of Sociology 36(1):1–20.Google Scholar

Meyer, John W., Boli, John, Thomas, George M., and Ramirez, Francisco O.. 1997. “World Society and the Nation-State.” American Journal of Sociology 103(1):144–81.Google Scholar

Meyer, John W. and Rowan, Brian. 1977. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology 83(2):340–63.Google Scholar

Miao, Michelle. 2013. “The Politics of China’s Death Penalty Reform in the Context of Global Abolitionism.” The British Journal of Criminology 53(3):500–19.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2006. “The Practice of Law as an Obstacle to Justice: Chinese Lawyers at Work.” Law & Society Review 40(1):1–38.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2007. “Lawyers, Political Embeddedness, and Institutional Continuity in China’s Transition from Socialism.” American Journal of Sociology 113(2):352–414.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2008. “Dear Lawyer Bao: Everyday Problems, Legal Advice, and State Power in China.” Social Problems 55(1):43–71.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2010. “Family Planning Enforcement in Rural China: Enduring State-Society Conflict?” In Growing Pains: Tensions and Opportunity in China’s Transformation, edited by Oi, J. C., Rozelle, S., and Zhou, X., pp. 189–226. Stanford, CA: Shorenstein Asia Pacific Research Center, distributed by Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2012. “Access to Lawyers: A Comparative Analysis of the Supply of Lawyers in China and the United States.” National Taiwan University Law Review 7(1):223–55.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan 2013. “Women in the Legal Profession, 1970–2010: A Study of the Global Supply of Lawyers.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 20(2):1071–137.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2019a. “Decoupling: Marital Violence and the Struggle to Divorce in China.” American Journal of Sociology 125(2):325–81.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2019b. “Many Voices in China’s Legal Profession: Plural Meanings of Weiquan.” China Law and Society Review 4(2):71–101.Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan. 2019c. “Supplemental Material.” Retrieved February 14, 2020 (www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/suppl/10.1086/705747).Google Scholar

Michelson, Ethan and Read, Benjamin L.. 2011. “Public Attitudes toward Official Justice in Beijing and Rural China.” In Chinese Justice: Civil Dispute Resolution in Contemporary China, edited by Woo, M. Y. K. and Gallagher, M. E., pp. 169–203. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Miller, Arthur R. 2003. “The Pretrial Rush to Judgment: Are the Litigation Explosion, Liability Crisis, and Efficiency Cliches Eroding Our Day in Court and Jury Trial Commitments.” New York University Law Review 78(3):982–1134.Google Scholar

Min, Tianyang (闵天阳). 2017. “关于当前离婚案件审判模式的思考 (Reflections on Contemporary Divorce Trial Modes).” 法制与经济 (Legal and Economic) (17):179–80.Google Scholar

Ministry of Civil Affairs of China. 2018. “2017 年社会服务发展统计公报 (2017 Social Services Development Statistical Report).” Retrieved June 13, 2019 (www.mca.gov.cn/article/sj/tjgb/201808/20180800010446.shtml).Google Scholar

Ministry of Civil Affairs of China. Various years. 中国民政统计年鉴 (China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbook). Beijing: China Statistics Press.Google Scholar

Ministry of Justice. 2018. “律师、公证、基层法律服务最新数据出炉 (Newest Data on Lawyers, Notaries, and Basic-Level Legal Workers Are Fresh Out of the Oven).” Retrieved August 16, 2018 (www.moj.gov.cn/government_public/content/2018-03/14/634_17049.html).Google Scholar

Minzner, Carl. 2009. “Judicial Disciplinary Systems for Incorrectly Decided Cases: The Imperial Chinese Heritage Lives On.” New Mexico Law Review 39(1):63–87.Google Scholar

Minzner, Carl. 2011. “China’s Turn Against Law.” American Journal of Comparative Law 59(4):935–84.Google Scholar

Mize, Trenton. 2019. “Best Practices for Estimating, Interpreting, and Presenting Nonlinear Interaction Effects.” Sociological Science 6:81–117.Google Scholar

Mnookin, Robert H. and Kornhauser, Lewis. 1979. “Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce.” The Yale Law Journal 88(5):950.Google Scholar

Mo, Li. 2017. “Trends in the Divorce Rate and Its Regional Disparity in China.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 48(4):383–94.Google Scholar

Mortelmans, Dimitri. 2020. “Introduction.” In Divorce in Europe: New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups, edited by Mortelmans, D., pp. 1–14. Cham, Switzerland: SpringerOpen.Google Scholar

Moustafa, Tamir. 2014. “Law and Courts in Authoritarian Regimes.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 10(1):281–299.Google Scholar

Myers, Steven Lee and Ryan, Olivia Mitchell. 2018. “Burying ‘One Child’ Limits, China Pushes Women to Have More Babies.” The New York Times, August 12, A1.Google Scholar

Di Nallo, Alessandro. 2019. “Gender Gap in Repartnering: The Role of Parental Status and Custodial Arrangements.” Journal of Marriage and Family 81(1):59–78.Google Scholar

National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2015. 中国人口和就业统计年鉴 (China Population and Employment Statistical Yearbook). Beijing: China Statistics Press.Google Scholar

Negro, Giacomo and Longhofer, Wesley. 2018. “World Society, Legal Formalism, and Execution of Legal Procedures.” Social Forces 97(2):649–73.Google Scholar

Ng, Kwai Hang and Xin, He. 2014. “Internal Contradictions of Judicial Mediation in China.” Law and Social Inquiry 39(2):285–312.Google Scholar

Ng, Kwai Hang and Xin, He. 2017a. Embedded Courts: Judicial Decision-Making in China. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Ng, Kwai Hang and Xin, He. 2017b. “The Institutional and Cultural Logics of Legal Commensuration: Blood Money and Negotiated Justice in China.” American Journal of Sociology 122(4):1104–43.Google Scholar

Ni, Zijun (倪子钧). 2014. “农村地区离婚案件分析与思考 – – 以吉林省农安县为例 (Analysis of and Reflections on Divorce in Rural Areas: The Case of Nongan County, Jilin Province).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (21):213–14.Google Scholar

Ningbo Municipal Yinzhou District People’s Court (宁波市鄞州区人民法院). 2014. “离婚纠纷案件审判白皮书 2009–2012年 (Divorce Dispute Case Trials White Paper 2009–2012).” Retrieved June 27, 2019 (www.nbyzfy.gov.cn/art/2014/7/11/art_3478_229265.html).Google Scholar

Pache, Anne-Claire and Santos, Filipe. 2013. “Embedded in Hybrid Contexts: How Individuals in Organizations Respond to Competing Institutional Logics.” In Institutional Logics in Action, Part B, edited by Lounsbury, M. and Boxenbaum, E., pp.3–35. Bingley, UK: Emerald.Google Scholar

Palmer, Michael. 1995. “The Re-Emergence of Family Law in Post-Mao China: Marriage, Divorce and Reproduction.” The China Quarterly 141:110–34.Google Scholar

Palmer, Michael. 2007. “Transforming Family Law in Post-Deng China: Marriage, Divorce and Reproduction.” The China Quarterly 191:675–95.Google Scholar

Palmer, Michael. 2017. “Domestic Violence and Mediation in Contemporary China.” In Mediation in Contemporary China: Continuity and Change, edited by Fu, H. and Palmer, M., pp. 286–318. London: Wildy, Simmonds & Hill.Google Scholar

Pan, Qinglin (潘庆林). 2019. “民事案件繁简分流制度的完善 – – 基于对A 省基层法院的调研 (Improving the System of Designating Cases as Complex and Simplified: A Study of A Basic-Level Court in Province A).” 法学杂志 (Law Science Magazine) (9):124–30.Google Scholar

Pan, Yongzhang (潘涌燚). 2018. “陈敏: 专注于研究反家暴法律 (Chen Min: Immersed in Research on Anti-Domestic Violence Laws).” 温州新闻网 (Wenzhou Online News). Retrieved March 27, 2020 (http://news.66wz.com/system/2018/11/28/105131511.shtml).Google Scholar

Paneyakh, Ella. 2014. “Faking Performance Together: Systems of Performance Evaluation in Russian Enforcement Agencies and Production of Bias and Privilege.” Post-Soviet Affairs 30(2–3):115–36.Google Scholar

Paradis, Cheryl. 2017. “Assessment of Intimate Partner Violence and the Battered Woman Syndrome.” Psychiatric Annals 47(12):593–97.Google Scholar

Parish, William L., Tianfu Wang, Edward O. Laumann, Suiming Pan, and Luo, Ye. 2004. “Intimate Partner Violence in China: National Prevalence, Risk Factors and Associated Health Problems.” International Family Planning Perspectives 30(4):174–81.Google Scholar

Parish, William L. and Whyte, Martin King. 1978. Village and Family Life in Contemporary China. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Pearce, Lisa D. 2002. “Integrating Survey and Ethnographic Methods for Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis.” Sociological Methodology 32(1):103–32.Google Scholar

Peerenboom, Randall, ed. 2010. Judicial Independence in China: Lessons for Global Rule of Law Promotion. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

People’s Court Media Office. 2019. “最高人民法院发布2019年第一季度审判执行工作数据 (Supreme People’s Court Issues Trial and Enforcement Work Statistics for First Quarter of 2019).” Retrieved August 2, 2020 (www.court.gov.cn/zixun-xiangqing-157962.html).Google Scholar

Perrin, Ruth Leah. 2017. “Overcoming Biased Views of Gender and Victimhood in Custody Evaluations When Domestic Violence Is Alleged.” American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law 25(2):155–77.Google Scholar

Pettit, Ellen J. and Bloom, Bernard L.. 1984. “Whose Decision Was It? The Effects of Initiator Status on Adjustment to Marital Disruption.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 46(3):587.Google Scholar

Pierotti, Rachael S. 2013. “Increasing Rejection of Intimate Partner Violence.” American Sociological Review 78(2):240–65.Google Scholar

Pope, Shawn and Meyer, John W.. 2016. “Local Variation in World Society: Six Characteristics of Global Diffusion.” European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology 3(2–3):280–305.Google Scholar

Qu, Xiangdong (屈向东), and Fan, Jiqiang. 2019. “论中国法官员额制的历史演进 (On the Historical Evolution of the Quota System of Chinese Judges).” 政法学刊 (Journal of Political Science and Law) (2):17–27.Google Scholar

Rathus, Zoe, Jeffries, Samantha, Menih, Helena, and Field, Rachael. 2019. “‘It’s Like Standing on a Beach, Holding Your Children’s Hands, and Having a Tsunami Just Coming Towards You’: Intimate Partner Violence and ‘Expert’ Assessments in Australian Family Law.” Victims & Offenders 14(4):408–40.Google Scholar

Raynard, Mia, Lounsbury, Michael, and Greenwood, Royston. 2013. “Legacies of Logics: Sources of Community Variation in CSR Implementation in China.” In Institutional Logics in Action, Part A, edited by Lounsbury, M. and Boxenbaum, E., pp. 243–76. Bingley, UK: Emerald.Google Scholar

Research Office of the Nanjing Municipal Intermediate Court. 1987. “谈判决不准离婚 (A Discussion of Adjudicated Denials of Divorce Petitions).” 人民司法 (People’s Judicature) 10:16–18.Google Scholar

Ridgeway, Cecilia L. 2011. Framed by Gender: How Gender Inequality Persists in the Modern World. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rivera, Echo A., Sullivan, Cris M., and Zeoli, April M.. 2012. “Secondary Victimization of Abused Mothers by Family Court Mediators.” Feminist Criminology 7(3):234–52.Google Scholar

Robel, Lauren K. 1990. “Caseload and Judging: Judicial Adaptations to Caseload.” Brigham Young University Law Review (4):3–65.Google Scholar

Robinson, Jean. 1989. “Family Policies, Women, and the Collective Interest in Contemporary China.” Policy Studies Review 8(3):648–62.Google Scholar

Rong, Weiyi (荣维毅). 2016. “反对针对妇女暴力领域法律政策回顾分析 (A Review and Analysis of Laws and Policies to Combat Violence against Women).” In 2013–2015年: 中国性别平等与妇女发展报告 (Annual Report on Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China [2013–2015]), edited by Tan, L. (谭琳), pp. 203–14. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Rong, Weiyi (荣维毅). 2020. “消除一切形式对妇女的暴力 – – 对近五年中国治理对妇女暴力行动的评估 (Eliminating All Forms of Violence Against Women: An Assessment of China’s Actions to Combat Violence Against Women in the Last Five Years).” 山东女子学院学报 (Journal of Shandong Women’s University) (149):45–56.Google Scholar

Rongan County People’s Court (融安县人民法院). 2019. “什么人?竟威胁办离婚案的法官‘你们准备收尸’ … … (What Kind of Person Goes as Far as to Threaten Judge Who Decided Divorce to ‘Prepare for Corpses’?).” Retrieved December 24, 2019 (www.lzgd.com.cn/news/inliuzhou_view.ashx?id=68338).Google Scholar

Rosenfeld, Michael J. 2018. “Who Wants the Breakup? Gender and Breakup in Heterosexual Couples.” In Social Networks and the Life Course. Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research, Volume 2, edited by Alwin, D. F., Felmlee, D. H., and Kreager, D. A., pp. 221–43. Springer.Google Scholar

Rosga, AnnJanette and Satterthwaite, Margaret L.. 2012. “Measuring Human Rights: UN Indicators in Critical Perspective.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power Through Classification and Rankings, edited by Davis, K., Fisher, A., Kingsbury, B., and Merry, S. E., pp. 297–316. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rothenberg, Bess. 2002. “The Success of the Battered Woman Syndrome: An Analysis of How Cultural Arguments Succeed.” Sociological Forum 17(1):81–103.Google Scholar

Rothenberg, Bess. 2003. “‘We Don’t Have Time for Social Change’: Cultural Compromise and the Battered Woman Syndrome.” Gender & Society 17(5):771–87.Google Scholar

Runge, Robin. 2015. “Operating in a Narrow Space to Effect Change: Development of a Legal System Response to Domestic Violence in China.” In Comparative Perspectives on Gender Violence: Lessons from Efforts Worldwide, edited by Goel, R. and Goodmark, L., pp. 31–42. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Sandefur, Rebecca L. 2015. “Elements of Professional Expertise: Understanding Relational and Substantive Expertise through Lawyers’ Impact.” American Sociological Review 80(5):909–33.Google Scholar

Sauder, Michael and Espeland, Wendy Nelson. 2009. “The Discipline of Rankings: Tight Coupling and Organizational Change.” American Sociological Review 74(1):63–82.Google Scholar

Schofer, Evan and Hironaka, Ann. 2005. “The Effects of World Society on Environmental Protection Outcomes.” Social Forces 84(1):25–47.Google Scholar

Schofer, Evan, Hironaka, Ann, Frank, David John, and Longhofer, Wesley. 2012. “Sociological Institutionalism and World Society.” In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, edited by Amenta, E., Nash, K., and Scott, A., pp. 57–68. Chichester, West Sussex and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Shaffer, Martha. 1990. “R. v. Lavallee: A Review Essay.” Ottawa Law Review 22(3):607–24.Google Scholar

Shandong Province Ji’nan Municipal Intermediate People’s Court Research Team (山东省济南市中级人民法院课题组). 2018. “关于2015 – 2017 年度山东省济南市法院离婚纠纷案件的调研报告 (Research Report on Divorce Disputes in Shandong Province’s Ji’nan Municipal Courts, 2015–2017).” 山东法官培训学院学报 (Shandong Judges Training Institute Journal) 3:170–87.Google Scholar

Shangqiu Municipal Intermediate Court Research Team (商丘市中级人民法院课题组). 2017. “‘让审理者裁判由裁判者负责’的实践探索: 以商丘新型合议庭改革为样本 (An Exploration of the Practice of ‘Letting Judges Judge and Assigning Responsibility to Decision-Makers’: The Case of Shangqiu Collegial Panel Reform).” In 河南法治发展报告 (Annual Report on Rule of Law Development in Henan), edited by Ding, T. and Zhang, L., pp. 49–67. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Shao, Chen (邵晨). 2015. “浅议法官独立 – – 以制度管理为视角 (On the Independence of Judges: From A System Management Perspective).” 襄阳职业技术学院学报 (Journal of Xiangyang Polytechnic) 14(1):36–40.Google Scholar

Sheehy, Elizabeth, Stubbs, Julie, and Tolmie, Julia. 2012. “Battered Women Charged With Homicide in Australia, Canada and New Zealand: How Do They Fare?” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 45(3):383–99.Google Scholar

Shi, Guang (时光). 2005. “18年离婚路, 她为何走不出家庭暴力的泥潭 (An 18-Year Divorce Road: Why She Couldn’t Escape the Mire of Domestic Violence).” 现代妇女 (Modern Woman) (10):4–7.Google Scholar

Shi, Lei. 2020. “Reactive Law or Conservative Law? The Reform of Divorce Procedure in China.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 34(2):126–44.Google Scholar

Shih, Chih Yu. 1996. “China’s Socialist Law Under Reform: The Class Nature Reconsidered.” American Journal of Comparative Law 44(4):627.Google Scholar

Sichuan Online. 2017. “安岳法院发出首张‘离婚冷静期’通知书 (Anyue Court Issues First Notice of ‘Cooling-Off Period’).” Retrieved June 2, 2020 (https://ziyang.scol.com.cn/ayx/201703/55854267.html).Google Scholar

Simon, Rita James and Mahan, Linda. 1971. “Quantifying Burdens of Proof: A View from the Bench, the Jury, and the Classroom.” Law & Society Review 5(3):319–30.Google Scholar

Smart, Carol. 1984. The Ties That Bind: Law, Marriage, and the Reproduction of Patriarchal Relations. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Smil, Vaclav. 1993. China’s Environmental Crisis: An Inquiry Into the Limits of National Development. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar

Sohu.com. 2003. “刘拴霞杀夫被判 ‘受虐妇女’杀夫不属正当防卫 (Court Rules Liu Shuanxia’s Homicide of Abusive Husband Is Not Justifiable Self-Defense).” Retrieved June 22, 2020 (http://news.sohu.com/17/02/news211910217.shtml).Google Scholar

Sohu.com. 2020. “遭家暴跳楼致截瘫女子已离婚, 孩子抚养权归原告, 等刑事判决结果 (Abused Woman Who Jumped Out of a Building Causing Paraplegia Is Now Divorced, Gets Child Custody, Now Awaiting Criminal Verdict).” Retrieved July 30, 2020 (www.sohu.com/a/410426453_120083964).Google Scholar

Sohu.com. 2021a. “第五次, 她离了! (Divorced on the Fifth Try!).” Retrieved August 3, 2021 (www.sohu.com/a/464151381_120046696).Google Scholar

Sohu.com. 2021b. “湖南女子5年5次起诉离婚被判返还彩礼8.5万!其表示不解 (Hunan Woman Who Filed for Divorce Five Times in Five Years Is Baffled by Court Order to Return Bride Price of ¥85,000).” Retrieved August 3, 2021 (www.sohu.com/a/481189925_161795).Google Scholar

Solomon, Peter H. 2010. “Authoritarian Legality and Informal Practices: Judges, Lawyers and the State in Russia and China.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 43(4):351–62.Google Scholar

Solomon, Peter H. 2012. “The Accountability of Judges in Post Communist States: From Bureaucratic to Professional Accountability.” In Judicial Independence in Transition, edited by Seibert-Fohr, A., pp. 909–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar

Solomon, Peter H. 2015. “Post-Soviet Criminal Justice: The Persistence of Distorted Neo-Inquisitorialism” edited by G. Slade and M. Light. Theoretical Criminology 19(2):159–78.Google Scholar

Song, Peipei (宋锫培). 2016. “家暴刑案首次引入专家证人作证 (First-Ever Admission of Expert Witness Testimony in Criminal Domestic Violence Case).” 四川法制报 (Sichuan Legal Daily), April 7, A01.Google Scholar

Song, Yuansheng (宋远升). 2017. “精英化与专业化的迷失 – – 法官员额制的困境与出路 (The Loss of Professionalization and Specialization: The Predicament of the Judge Quota System and a Way Out).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) (2):101–17.Google Scholar

Song, Yueping, Zhang, Jingwen, and Zhang, Xian. 2020. “Cultural or Institutional? Contextual Effects on Domestic Violence against Women in Rural China.” Journal of Family Violence 1–13.Google Scholar

SPC (Supreme People’s Court). 2013. “最高人民法院详解最高法院裁判文书上网热点问题 (Supreme People’s Court Explains in Detail Pressing Issues About China Judgements Online).” Retrieved December 30, 2020 (https://perma.cc/8UQG-Y9FD).Google Scholar

SPC (Supreme People’s Court), ed. 2018. 人民法院司法统计历史典籍1949–2016 (People’s Courts Compendium of Historical Judicial Statistics, 1949–2016). Beijing: 中国民主法制出版 (China Legal Publishing House).Google Scholar

Sprick, Daniel. 2018. “Replacing Violence with Violence? A Functionalist Approach to Self-Defence in China.” Journal of Comparative Law 13(2):283–307.Google Scholar

Stacey, Judith. 1983. Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Stanko, Elizabeth Anne. 1982. “Would You Believe This Woman? Prosecutorial Screening for ‘Credible’ Witnesses and a Problem of Justice.” In Judge, Lawyer, Victim, Thief: Women, Gender Roles, and Criminal Justice, edited by Rafter, N. H. and Stanko, E. A., pp. 63–82. Boston: Northeastern University Press.Google Scholar

Steensland, Brian. 2006. “Cultural Categories and the American Welfare State: The Case of Guaranteed Income Policy.” American Journal of Sociology 111(5):1273–326.Google Scholar

Stern, Rachel E. 2013. Environmental Litigation in China: A Study in Political Ambivalence. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Stöckl, Heidi, Devries, Karen, Rotstein, Alexandra, Abrahams, Naeemah, Campbell, Jacquelyn, Watts, Charlotte, and Moreno, Claudia Garcia. 2013. “The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Homicide: A Systematic Review.” The Lancet 382(9895):859–65.Google Scholar

Su, Hucheng (苏湖城). 2011. “家庭暴力离婚诉讼如何取证 (How to Collect Evidence of Domestic Violence for Divorce Litigation).” 农家参谋 (The Farmers Consultant) 12:36.Google Scholar

Su, Li (苏力). 2010. “审判管理与社会管理 – – 法院如何有效回应‘案多人少’? (Case Management and Social Management: How Can Courts Deal with ‘Many Cases and Few Judges’?).” 中国法学 (China Legal Science) (6):176–89.Google Scholar

Su, Yunyun (苏云云). 2018. “家庭暴力对子女抚养权归属影响探究 – – 以美国相关制度为借鉴 (Research on the Influence of Domestic Violence on Child Custody Determinations: Drawing on the American System).” 北京化工大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology [Social Sciences Edition]) (3):54–59.Google Scholar

Sun, Bo (孙波). 2010. “离婚案件缺席审判的思考 (Reflections on In Absentia Divorce Trials).” 大众商务 (Popular Business) 116:264.Google Scholar

Sun, Hang (孙航). 2019. “新收案件数持续增长结案数同比大幅增加整体运行态势稳中向好 (Numbers of New Cases Continues to Rise, Numbers of Closed Cases Significantly Increased Over Previous Year, and the Overall Situation Is Stable and Improving).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), August 1, 1.Google Scholar

Sun, Yong (孙勇). 2006. “公告离婚的适用与完善 (The Application and Improvement of In Absentia Public Notice Divorce).” 理论月刊 (Theory Monthly) 1:121–23.Google Scholar

Sundström, Aksel, Paxton, Pamela, Wang, Yi-Ting, and Lindberg, Staffan I.. 2017. “Women’s Political Empowerment: A New Global Index, 1900–2012.” World Development 94:321–35.Google Scholar

Suo, Xing (所行). 2020. “哈尔滨刺死法官者被批捕 (Man Who Stabbed Judge to Death Arrested).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), November 18, 1.Google Scholar

Sweet, Paige L. 2019. “The Sociology of Gaslighting.” American Sociological Review 84(5):851–75.Google Scholar

Swiss, Liam. 2009. “Decoupling Values from Action: An Event-History Analysis of the Election of Women to Parliament in the Developing World, 1945–90.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 50(1):69–95.Google Scholar

Tan, Dexiu (谭德修) and Wang, Yonghong. 2011. “公告离婚适用的困境与出路 – – 兼评我国《婚姻法》第32 条第4 款之不足 (Dilemmas and Remedies in the Application of Public Notice Divorces: A Commentary on the Deficiencies of Article 32, Item 4 of the Marriage Law).” 湖南科技学院学报 (Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering) 32(8):115–18.Google Scholar

Tan, Lin (谭琳). 2016. “附录: 中国性别平等与妇女发展大事记 (Appendix: Major Events in Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China).” In 2013–2015年: 中国性别平等与妇女发展报告 (Annual Report on Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China [2013–2015]), edited by Tan, L., pp. 296–344. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Tan, Xu (覃旭). 2017. “农村离婚妇女探视权之保障 (Guaranteeing the Visitation Rights of Divorced Rural Women).” 法制博览 (Legality Vision) (18):270.Google Scholar

Tan, Zuocai (谭佐财), and Wang, Junbo. 2016. “离婚诉讼中家庭暴力之证据认定: 以C 市基层法院103 份离婚案件判决书为分析样本 (The Affirmation of Evidence of Domestic Violence in Divorce Litigation: An Analysis of a Sample of 103 Divorce Cases from a District Court in C City) .” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) 10:184–85.Google Scholar

Tang, Jiaqing (唐嘉清). 1996. “浅析民事案件的预审 (An Analysis of Pretrial Civil Cases).” 人民司法 (People’s Judicature) (9):19–21.Google Scholar

Tang, Liyi (汤立伊). 2017. “我国人民陪审员参审机制的反思与进路 (Reflections on and Ways to Advance China’s People’s Lay Assessor Mechanism).” 行政与法 (Public Administration & Law) (1):121–28.Google Scholar

Tang, Ren (唐牣). 2014. “民事简易程序适用改革的思考 (Thoughts on Reforming the Application of the Simplified Civil Procedure).” 山东审判 (Shandong Justice) (6):77–81.Google Scholar

Tang, Weijian (汤维建). 2016. “民事庭审程序优质化改革的理论与实践 (Optimized Reform of Civil Court Trial Procedures: Theories and Practice).” 贵州民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版) (Journal of Guizhou Minzu University [Philosophy and Social Sciences]) (3):130–60.Google Scholar

Tang, Wenfang and Parish, William L.. 2000. Chinese Life Under Reform: The Changing Social Contract. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tang, Xuchao (唐旭超). 2017. “规范与重构: 基层法院民事审判庭设置的实证研究 (Standardization and Reconstruction: Empirical Research on Civil Divisions of Basic-Level People’s Courts).” 法律适用 (Journal of Law Application) (5):96–102.Google Scholar

Tang, Yingmao (唐应茂). 2018. “领导意愿、机构能力和司法公开 (Leader’s Will, Institutional Capacity, and Judicial Openness: Preliminary Research on Online Disclosure Rates of Court Decisions in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong).” 中国法律评论 (China Law Review) 6:90–102.Google Scholar

Tang, Yingmao and Liu, John Zhuang. 2019. “Mass Publicity of Chinese Court Decisions: Market-Driven or Authoritarian Transparency?” The China Review 19(2):15–40.Google Scholar

Tang, Zilong (汤梓龙). 2014. “法官员额制度研究 (Research on the Judge Quota System).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (9):44–45.Google Scholar

Tao, Jian (陶建), and Lu, Wei. 2012. “农村离婚率上升的成因及法律思考 (Causes of and Legal Considerations for the Rise of Rural Divorce).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) 19(7):65–66.Google Scholar

Tatlow, Didi Kirsten. 2015. “Battered Woman Is Spared Execution in China.” The New York Times, April 25, A3.Google Scholar

Thomas, Natalie. 2016. “In China, Calls for End to Aggressive Child Custody Tactics.” Reuters, December 28. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (www.reuters.com/article/us-china-custody-idUSKBN14I084).Google Scholar

Thornton, Arland and Xie, Yu. 2016. “Developmental Idealism in China.” Chinese Journal of Sociology 2(4):483–96.Google Scholar

Thornton, Patricia H., Ocasio, William, and Lounsbury, Michael. 2012. The Institutional Logics Perspective: A New Approach to Culture, Structure, and Process. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Tian, Xiangyu (田祥玉). 2016. “离婚应该慢慢来 (Take It Slowly With Divorce).” 婚姻与家庭 (社会纪实) (Marriage & Family) (8):25–27.Google Scholar

Tian, Yuan (田源) and Wang, Qun. 2016. “基层人民法庭法官执业生态问题研究: 基于D 县法院6 处人民法庭的实证考察 (Research on Judges in Basic-Level People’s Courts: An Empirical Investigation of Six Courts in County D).” 三峡大学学报(人文社会科学版) (Journal of China Three Gorges University [Humanities & Social Sciences]) 38(6):81–87.Google Scholar

Treiman, Donald J. 2012. “The ‘Difference between Heaven and Earth’: Urban–Rural Disparities in Well-Being in China.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 30(1):33–47.Google Scholar

Trent, Katherine and South, Scott J.. 2011. “Too Many Men? Sex Ratios and Women’s Partnering Behavior in China.” Social Forces 90(1):247–67.Google Scholar

Trevaskes, Susan. 2008. “The Death Penalty in China Today: Kill Fewer, Kill Cautiously.” Asian Survey 48:393–413.Google Scholar

Trevaskes, Susan. 2010. “The Shifting Sands of Punishment in China in the Era of ‘Harmonious Society’.” Law & Policy 32(3):332–61.Google Scholar

Trevaskes, Susan. 2015. “Lenient Death Sentencing and the ‘Cash for Clemency’ Debate.” The China Journal 73:38–58.Google Scholar

True, Jacqui and Mintrom, Michael. 2001. “Transnational Networks and Policy Diffusion: The Case of Gender Mainstreaming.” International Studies Quarterly 45(1):27–57.Google Scholar

Tsui, Ming. 2001. “Divorce, Women’s Status, and the Communist State in China.” Asian Thought & Society 26(77):103–25.Google Scholar

UNDP. 2014. “中国司法改革年度报告2013 (Annual Report on China’s Judicial Reform 2013).” Retrieved August 8, 2018 (https://www.cn.undp.org/content/china/zh/home/library/democratic_governance/annual-report-on-china-s-judicial-reform-2013.html).Google Scholar

Urueña, René. 2015. “Indicators and the Law: A Case Study of the Rule of Law Index.” In The Quiet Power of Indicators: Measuring Governance, Corruption, and Rule of Law, edited by Merry, S. E., Davis, K. E., and Kingsbury, B., pp. 75–102. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Van Rooij, Benjamin, and Lo, Carlos Wing-Hung. 2009. “Fragile Convergence: Understanding Variation in the Enforcement of China’s Industrial Pollution Law.” Law & Policy 32(1):14–37.Google Scholar

Vaughan, Diane. 1986. Uncoupling: Turning Points in Intimate Relationships. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Walker, Lenore E. 2017. The Battered Woman Syndrome. Fourth. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Wan, Xiaoying (万笑影), and Lin, Shangjun. 2020. “巡回审判, 开庭在基层 (Mobile Adjudication, Trials at the Grassroots).” 浙江日报 (Zhejiang Daily), June 24, 7.Google Scholar

Wang, Alex L. 2018. “Symbolic Legitimacy and Chinese Environmental Reform.” Environmental Law 48(4):699–760.Google Scholar

Wang, Cheng-Tong Lir and Schofer, Evan. 2018. “Coming Out of the Penumbras: World Culture and Cross-National Variation in Divorce Rates.” Social Forces 97(2):675–704.Google Scholar

Wang, Chunxia (王春霞). 2016. “涉家暴刑事案件应引入专家证人 (Criminal Domestic Violence Cases Should Admit Expert Witness Testimony).” 中国妇女报 (China Women’s News), March 11, A4.Google Scholar

Wang, Chunxia (王春霞) and Luo, Shuzhen. 2016. “家事审判改革为相关立法提供实践依据 – – 专访最高人民法院审判委员会专职委员杜万华 (Domestic Relations Trial Reform Provides Practical Basis for Related Legislation: An Interview with Du Wanhua, Full-Time Member of the Supreme People’s Court’s Adjudication Committee).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), March 3, 1.Google Scholar

Wang, Cong (王聪). 2012. “审判组织: 合议制还是独任制? – – 以德国民事独任法官制的演变史为视角 (Adjudicatory Bodies: Collegial Panels or Solo Judges? From the Perspective of Historical Development of Germany’s Civil Solo Judge System).” 福建法学 (Fujian Jurisprudence) (1):76–81.Google Scholar

Wang, Di. 2020. “Jia, as in Guojia: Building the Chinese Family into a Filial Nationalist Project.” China Law and Society Review 5(1):1–32.Google Scholar

Wang, Jian. 2013. “To Divorce or Not to Divorce: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Court-Ordered Divorce Mediation in China.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 27(1):74–96.Google Scholar

Wang, Jun (王俊). 2021. “连城法院发出首张离婚冷静期通知书, 诉讼离婚能否适用冷静期? (Liancheng Court Issues First Notice of Cooling-Off Period, Can Cooling-Off Periods Be Used in Divorce Litigation?).” 新京报 (The Beijing News), January 8. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (www.bjnews.com.cn/detail/161009165615494.html).Google Scholar

Wang, Lusheng (王禄生). 2016. “法院人员分类管理体制与机制转型研究 (Research On the Transformation of Court Personnel Classification and Management Systems).” 比较法研究 (Journal of Comparative Law) (1):63–75.Google Scholar

Wang, Mengyao (王梦遥). 2018. “最高法: 离婚案最长可设3个月冷静期 (Supreme People’s Court: The Longest Allowable Cooling-Off Period Is 3 Months).” 新京报 (The Beijing News), July 22, A01.Google Scholar

Wang, Qingting (王庆廷). 2015. “法官分类的行政化与司法化 – – 从助理审判员的‘审判权’说起 (The Bureaucratization and Judicialization of the Judge Classification System: A Discussion of the Judicial Powers of Assistant Judges).” 华东政法大学学报 (ECUPL Journal) (4):72–81.Google Scholar

Wang, Shaoxia (王绍霞). 2013. “农村留守妇女离婚案评析 (A Comment on the Divorce Cases of Rural Left-Behind Women).” 民主与法制 (Democracy and Legal System) (3):174–76.Google Scholar

Wang, Shimei (王诗梅). 2014. “从民事诉讼角度谈我国自由心证制度的构建 (A Discussion from the Perspective of Civil Litigation of the Construction of China’s System of Judging by Common Sense).” 鄂州大学学报 (Journal of Ezhou University) 21(3):20–22.Google Scholar

Wang, Xiangxian, Fang, Gang, and Li, Hongtao. 2013. Research on Gender-Based Violence and Masculinities in China: Quantitative Findings. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) China Office. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (https://china.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/6.Research%20on%20Gender-based%20Violence%20and%20Masculinities%20in%20China%20_Quantitative%20Findings.pdf).Google Scholar

Wang, Xiaofen (王晓芬). 2017. “受虐妇女杀夫案件刑法问题研究 (A Study on the Criminal Law of Battered Women’s Homicide).” M.A. Thesis, Zhengzhou University Law School.Google Scholar

Wang, Xiaoxiao (李潇潇). 2016. “我国民事一审撤诉的程序设计研究 (On System Design of First Instance Civil Withdrawal in China).” 中南大学学报(社会科学版) (Journal of Central South University [Social Science]) 22(2):51–60.Google Scholar

Wang, Xin (王新). 2015. “受虐妇女杀夫案的认定问题 (Conviction Issues in Cases of Abused Women Who Kill Their Husbands).” 法学杂志 (Law Science Magazine) (7):87–94.Google Scholar

Wang, Xiying, Qiao, Dongping, and Yang, Liqiao. 2013. Hard Struggles in Times of Change: A Qualitative Study on Masculinities and Gender-Based Violence in Contemporary China. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) China Office. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (https://china.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Hard%20Struggles%20in%20Times%20of%20Change%20-%20English.pdf).Google Scholar

Wang, Yaming (王亚明). 2017. “法官员额制的结构改革新探 (New Exploration of the Structural Reform of the Judge Quota System).” 法治研究 (Research on Rule of Law) (5):67–77.Google Scholar

Wang, Yanbin (王焰斌). 2015. “二七法院破解案多人少难题狠抓执法办案要务 (Dealing with the Urgent Task of Solving the ‘Many Cases, Few Judges’ Problem in the Erqi Court).” Retrieved July 8, 2018 (www.hncourt.gov.cn/public/detail.php?id=161482).Google Scholar

Wang, Yanhong (王艳红). 2013. “试论司法和谐政策对法官约束条件的影响 (Influence of Judicial Harmony Policies on Judges’ Constraints).” 行政与法 (Public Administration & Law) (9):32–37.Google Scholar

Wang, Yueduan. 2019a. “Overcoming Embeddedness: How China’s Judicial Accountability Reforms Make Its Judges More Autonomous.” Fordham International Law Journal 43(4):737–66.Google Scholar

Wang, Yueduan. 2019b. “Reevaluating ‘Countermeasure from Below’: Evidences from Judicial Personnel Reforms in China.” Peking University Law Journal 7(2):127–45.Google Scholar

Wang, Yuhua. 2013. “Court Funding and Judicial Corruption in China.” The China Journal 69:43–63.Google Scholar

Wang, Yuhua. 2014. Tying the Autocrat’s Hands: The Rise of the Rule of Law in China. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wang, Yuyan (王玉燕). 2012. “浅议公告送达在离婚案件中的适用 (A Discussion of the Application of Public Notice Service in Divorce Cases).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) 1:119–20.Google Scholar

Wang, Zhen. 2018. “Reassessing the Performance Evaluation System in the Xi Jinping Era: Changes and Implications.” East Asia 35(1):59–77.Google Scholar

Wang, Zheng. 2014. “The Chinese Dream: Concept and Context.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 19(1):1–13.Google Scholar

Wee, Sui-Lee. 2020. “Her Husband Abused Her. But Getting a Divorce Was an Ordeal.” The New York Times, September 17, A1.Google Scholar

Wei, Qian, and Swiss, Liam. 2020. “Filling Empty Promises? Foreign Aid and Human Rights Decoupling, 1981–2011.” The Sociological Quarterly 1–20. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00380253.2020.1828003 Google Scholar

Weikart, Richard. 1994. “Marx, Engels, and the Abolition of the Family.” History of European Ideas 18(5):657–72.Google Scholar

Welzel, Christian. 2013. Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Weng, Yijie (瓮怡洁). 2020. “论法官助理制度的功能定位与职权界分 (On the Function and Authority of the Judges’ Clerks).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 38(2):108–21.Google Scholar

Whyte, Martin King, ed. 2010. One Country, Two Societies: Rural-Urban Inequality in Contemporary China. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Whyte, Martin King and Parish, William L.. 1984. Urban Life in Contemporary China. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Wimmer, Andreas. 2001. “Globalizations Avant La Lettre: A Comparative View of Isomorphization and Heteromorphization in an Inter-Connecting World.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 43(3):435–66.Google Scholar

Wolf, Margery. 1985. Revolution Postponed: Women in Contemporary China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Woo, Margaret. 2001. “Review of Neil J. Diamant’s Revolutionizing the Family: Politics, Love, and Divorce in Urban and Rural China, 1949–1968.” American Journal of Sociology 107(1):256–57.Google Scholar

Woo, Margaret Y. K. 2003. “Shaping Citizenship: Chinese Family Law and Women.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 15:99–134.Google Scholar

Wotipka, Christine Min and Ramirez, Francisco O.. 2008. “World Society and Human Rights: An Event History Analysis of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.” In The Global Diffusion of Markets and Democracy, edited by Simmons, B. A., Dobbin, F., and Garrett, G., pp.303–43. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wu, Guoping (吴国平). 2014. “论离婚案件中半流动家庭留守妇女权益的法律保护 (Legal Protections of the Rights and Interests of Left-Behind Women of Half-Floating Families in Divorce Cases).” 重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版) (Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University [Social Sciences Edition]) 31(4):99–106.Google Scholar

Wu, Hongqi (吴洪淇). 2015. “法律人的职业化及其实现状况 – 以九省市实证调查数据为基础 (Legal Professionalization and the Extent of Its Realization: Empirical Survey Data from Nine Provinces and Cities).” 证据科学 (Evidence Science) 23(1):81–93.Google Scholar

Wudi, . 2014. “Gender Guesser: Guess the Gender of Chinese Names (v0.10.0).” Retrieved June 21, 2019 (www.phpclasses.org/package/2701-PHP-Guess-the-gender-of-Chinese-names.html).Google Scholar

Xia, Jianghao. 2020. “The Best Interests of the Child Principle in Residence Disputes after Parental Divorce in China.” International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 34(2):105–25.Google Scholar

Xia, Yiwei, Cai, Tianji, and Zhong, Hua. 2019. “Effect of Judges’ Gender on Rape Sentencing: A Data Mining Approach to Analyze Judgment Documents.” The China Journal 19(2):125–49.Google Scholar

Xia, Yiwei, Zhou, Yisu, Li, Du, and Cai, Tianji. 2019. “Mapping Trafficking of Women in China: Evidence from Court Sentences.” Journal of Contemporary China 29(122):238–52.Google Scholar

Xiao, Jianfei (肖建飞), Ma, Yanwen, and Tuo, Danting. 2014. “婚姻家庭纠纷审判中的裁判行为分析 (An Analysis of Judicial Decisions in Family Dispute Litigation).” 边疆经济与文化 (The Border Economy and Culture) 12:61–63.Google Scholar

Xiaoxiang Morning News (潇湘晨报). 2020. “女子不堪家暴跳楼致截瘫, 事发一年没能离成婚, 还曾遭到死亡威胁 (Women Jumps Out of Building Owing to Unbearable Domestic Violence, Becomes Paraplegic, Still Unable to Divorce A Year Later, Even Receives Death Threats).” Retrieved July 29, 2020 (https://tinyurl.com/y6qq4o8z).Google Scholar

Xiji County People’s Court. 2013. “西吉县人民法院审理婚姻家庭案件裁量标准 (讨论稿) (Standards of the Xiji County People’s Court for Ruling on Marriage and Family Cases [Discussion Draft]).” Retrieved January 26, 2020 (http://xj.nxfy.gov.cn/xjfyxwzx/xjfyzdjs/201303/t20130306_1129168.html).Google Scholar

Xin, Chunying (信春鹰). 1999. 中国的法律制度及其改革 (Chinese Legal System & Current Legal Reform). Beijing: 法律出版社 (Law Press).Google Scholar

Xing, Hongmei (邢红枚). 2013. “论配偶暴力中受虐妇女杀夫案的量刑 (Criminal Sentencing of Abused Women Who Kill Their Husbands).” 中华女子学院学报 (Journal of China Women’s University) (1):24–28.Google Scholar

Xinhua. 2011. “王胜俊详解困扰基层法院三大困难和三大问题 (Wang Shenjun Details Three Major Difficulties and Three Major Problems Plaguing Basic-Level Courts).” Retrieved December 26, 2019 (www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-10/25/content_1978214.htm).Google Scholar

Xinhua. 2016. “习近平: 推动形成社会主义家庭文明新风尚 (Xi Jinping: Promote a New Ethos of Forming Civilized Socialist Families).” Retrieved August 9, 2018 (www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-12/12/c_1120103506.htm).Google Scholar

Xinhua. 2017. “婚姻登记下月起免费, 新人‘领证’还需准备点啥? (Marriage Registration Fees Waived Beginning Next Month, What Do Newlyweds Need to Bring to Get a License?).” Retrieved November 5, 2020 (www.xinhuanet.com//local/2017-03/25/c_1120693752.htm).Google Scholar

Xinhua. 2018. “China First Internet Court Handles Over 10,000 Cases.” China Daily. Retrieved September 7, 2020 (www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/18/WS5b77c8f4a310add14f386801.html).Google Scholar

Xinhua. 2019. “Across China: Divorced Yet? Mediation Service Takes Aim at ‘Impulsive Divorce’.” Retrieved January 24, 2020 (www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/18/c_138069644.htm).Google Scholar

Xiong, Xiangyu (熊翔宇). 2012. “诉讼离婚背后的法律问题及司法建议 (Legal Issues and Recommendations in Divorce Litigation).” 济源职业技术学院学报 (Journal of Jiyuan Vocational and Technical College) 11(4):69–72.Google Scholar

Xu, Anqi (徐安琪). 2000. “有无和好可能:夫妻感情是否破裂的判断标准 (Is There Reconciliation Potential? Assessment Standards in the Determination of the Breakdown of Mutual Affection).” 上海社会科学院学术季刊 (Quarterly Journal of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences) (4):110–20.Google Scholar

Xu, Anqi (徐安琪). 2007. “离婚与女性地位及权益之探讨 (Exploring Divorce and the Status, Rights, and Interests of Women).” 浙江学刊 (Zhejiang Academic Journal) 1:198–206.Google Scholar

Xu, Chunbin (许春彬). 2012. “分居认定标准研究 – – 以 2009 – 2010 年河南省部分基层法院离婚纠纷案件判决书为样本 (Standards for Affirming Separation: An Empirical Study on Basic-Level Courts’ Granting Divorce in Henan Province in 2009 and 2010).” 中华女子学院学报 (Journal of China Women’s University) 1:38–44.Google Scholar

Xu, Kim Qinzi. 2019. “Changing Patterns and Determinants of First Marriage Over the History of the People’s Republic of China.” Population 74(3):205–35.Google Scholar

Xu, Lijing (许莉静). 2012. “‘形合实独’现象解析与对策选择 (Analysis and Countermeasures for the Phenomenon of ‘Collegial in Form, Solo in Practice’).” 商业文化 (Business Culture) (1):26–27.Google Scholar

Xu, Shuanggui (徐双桂). 2016. “离婚案件‘首次判不离’现象普遍存在五方面原因 (Five Reasons for the Ubiquity of the Phenomenon of Denying First-Attempt Divorce Petitions).” Retrieved January 2, 2020 (http://ycyzfy.chinacourt.gov.cn/article/detail/2016/09/id/2137593.shtml).Google Scholar

Xu, Xin (徐昕), Huang, Yanhao, and Lu, Rongrong. 2011. “2010年中国司法改革年度报告 (Annual Report on China’s Judicial Reform in 2010).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 29(3):133–53.Google Scholar

Xu, Xin (徐昕), Huang, Yanhao, and Lu, Rongrong. 2015. “中国司法改革年度报告 (2014) (Annual Report on China’s Judicial Reform 2014).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 33(3):125–41.Google Scholar

Xu, Xin (徐昕), Huang, Yanhao, and Wang, Xiaotang. 2014. “中国司法改革年度报告 (2013) (Annual Report on China’s Judicial Reform 2013).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 32(2):83–102.Google Scholar

Xu, Xin (徐昕), Lu, Rongrong, and Huang, Yanhao. 2012. “中国司法改革年度报告 (2011) (Annual Report on China’s Judicial Reform 2011).” 政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 30(2):97–115.Google Scholar

Xu, Yixin (许一新) and Jiang, Tao. 2009. “法官助理制度的再思考 (Reconsiderations of System of Judges’ Clerks).” 法治论丛 (上海政法学院学报) Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law (5):100–105.Google Scholar

Xu, Yuezhen (徐月珍) and Li, Tong. 2011. “浅谈法官自由裁量权问题 (On the Problem of Judges’ Discretion).” 哈尔滨职业技术学院学报 (Journal of Harbin Vocational & Technical College) (4):35–36.Google Scholar

Xue, Ninglan (薛宁兰). 2014. “离婚法的诉讼实践及其评析 (Analysis on Litigation Practice of Chinese Divorce Law).” 法学论坛 (Legal Forum) 29(4):15–23.Google Scholar

Xue, Shasha (薛莎莎). 2020. “河南柘城回应‘女子遭家暴跳楼截瘫离婚案’: 成立联合调查组 (Henan’s Zhecheng Responds to ‘Divorce Case of Paralyzed Abuse Victim Who Jumped Off Building’: Joint Investigative Team Established).” ThePaper.Cn. Retrieved July 29, 2020 (www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_8420027).Google Scholar

Xue, Yongyi (薛永毅). 2019. “基层法院设立候补法官制度研究 – – 以法官养成及审判权二元配置为中心的分析 (Research on the Establishment of a System of Judges-in-Waiting: Analysis of a Dual Track Configuration of Adjudicatory Authority).” 渭南师范学院学报 (Journal of Weinan Normal University) 34(12):18–24.Google Scholar

xzqh.org. 2011. “2010年全国政区统计 (2010 Statistics on National Administrative Units).” Retrieved August 8, 2020 (www.xzqh.org/html/show/cn/4851.html).Google Scholar

Yan, Bo (严波). 2016. “平昌女子执意离婚三儿女跪求妈妈回家 (Pingchang Woman Insists on Divorce, Her Three Children Beg Her to Come Home).” 巴中晚报 (Bazhong Evening News), February 19, A4.Google Scholar

Yan, Ge (严戈) and Yuan, Chunxiang. 2015. “2014年全国法院案件质量评估分析报告 (2014 Report of An Analysis of Case Quality Assessment Systems Nationwide).”人民司法 (People’s Judicature) (9):82–84.Google Scholar

Yang, Dali L. 2017. “China’s Troubled Quest for Order: Leadership, Organization and the Contradictions of the Stability Maintenance Regime.” Journal of Contemporary China 26(103):35–53.Google Scholar

Yang, Jianwen (杨建文) and Chen, Dongsheng. 2014. “人民法院网上公布裁判文书过程揭秘 (Uncovering the Secret History of People’s Courts Posting Decisions Online).” 法制日报 (Legal Daily), January 8, 4.Google Scholar

Yang, Jinjing (杨金晶), Tan, Hui, and He, Haibo. 2019. “裁判文书上网公开的中国实践: 进展、问题与完善 (China’s Practice of the Public Disclosure of Court Decisions: Progress, Problems, and Perfection).” 中国法律评论 (China Law Review) (6):125–47.Google Scholar

Yang, Lixin (杨立新). 2011. “最高人民法院《关于适用〈婚姻法〉若干问题的解释 (三)》的民法基础 (The Civil Law Foundation of the Supreme People’s Court’s Third Judicial Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Marriage Law).” 法律适用 (Journal of Law Application) (10):40–43.Google Scholar

Yang, Weiguo (杨卫国). 2014. “论民事简易程序系统之优化 (On the Optimization of the Civil Simplified Procedure System).” 法律科学(西北政法大学学报) (Science of Law [Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law]) (3):167–74.Google Scholar

Yang, Xinsen (杨鑫森). 2012. “我国民事诉讼简易程序的不足和完善 (Shortcoming with and the Perfection of China’s Simplified Civil Procedure).” 改革与开放 (Reform & Opening) (12):16.Google Scholar

Yang, Xiuhua (杨秀华). 2014. “论民事诉讼中的法院调解之不足 (On the Shortcomings of Court Mediation in Civil Litigation).” Retrieved September 8, 2020 (www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2014/12/id/1524111.shtml).Google Scholar

Yang, Yizhong (杨宜中). 2010. “法院管理越来越规范 (Court Administration Increasingly Standardized).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), March 3, 1.Google Scholar

Yang, Yujing (杨玉静). 2016. “婚姻家庭领域法律政策回顾分析 (A Review and Analysis of Family Laws and Policies).” In 2013–2015年: 中国性别平等与妇女发展报告 (Annual Report on Gender Equality and Women’s Development in China [2013–2015]), edited by Tan, L., pp. 224–33. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Yao, Gaigai (姚改改). 2015. “‘以暴制暴’案审判首现专家证人: 适用四部门‘办理家暴刑事案件意见’的温州样本 (First Expert Testimony in ‘Combatting Violence With Violence’ Trial: Wenzhou Example of Application of ‘Opinions Concerning the Handling of Criminal Domestic Violence Cases.’” 中国妇女报 (China Women’s News), March 27, A4.Google Scholar

Yao, Silu (姚似璐). 2021. “《民法典》实施后浙江法院出具首份离婚冷静期通知书 (After the Civil Code Takes Effect Zhejiang Court Issues First Notice of Cooling-Off Period).” ThePaper.Cn, January 14. Retrieved August 24, 2021 (www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_10787826).Google Scholar

Yasuda, John K. 2017. On Feeding the Masses: An Anatomy of Regulatory Failure in China. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Ye, Feng (叶锋). 2015. “司法改革视野下审判辅助事务管理模式初探 (A Preliminary Exploration of Models for the Administration of Trial Work Assistance Under Judicial Reform).” 东方法学 (Oriental Law) (3):122–33.Google Scholar

Ye, Houqi (叶厚隽). 2007. “当前农村离婚现象和婚姻法适用中的问题考察 (An Investigation of Divorce and the Application of the Marriage Law in the Present-Day Countryside).” 天中学刊 (Journal of Tianzhong) 22(4):42–46.Google Scholar

Ye, Shengbin (叶圣彬). 2016. “司法改革背景下法官助理定位及相关问题研究 (Research on the Function of Judges’ Clerks and Related Issues Against the Backdrop of Judicial Reform).” 法治社会 (Law-Based Society) (3):102–10.Google Scholar

Ye, Xiangyang (叶向阳). 2004. “对当前职业法官合议制实施情况的调查与思考 (A Survey and Reflections on the Current Situation of Implementing the System of Collegial Panels of Professional Judges).” 法律适用 (Journal of Law Application) (7):29–33.Google Scholar

Ye, Xiaohua (叶肖华). 2015. “零判决现象的反思与批判 (Rethinking the Phenomenon of ‘Zero Judgment’).”政法论坛 (Tribune of Political Science and Law) 33(3):155–63.Google Scholar

Yi, Xingming (易兴明) and Tong, Daocai. 1998. “谈判决不准离婚的违法性 (A Discussion of the Illegality of Adjudicated Denials of Divorce Petitions).” 人民司法 (People’s Judicature) 1998(10):38–39.Google Scholar

Yu, Deshui (禹得水), and Gao, Feng. 2015. “国家治理视野下的人民法庭(1949–2014) (People’s Tribunals from a Governance Perspective).” 政法学刊 (Journal of Political Science and Law) 32(2):18–29.Google Scholar

Yu, Jia and Xie, Yu. 2015. “Cohabitation in China: Trends and Determinants.” Population and Development Review 41(4):607–28.Google Scholar

Yu, Jianhua (余建华) and Meng, Huanliang. 2016. “浙江全力打造‘智慧法院’获点赞 (Zhejiang Praised for Its Full Commitment to Building a ‘Smart Court’).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), February 6, 1.Google Scholar

Yu, Lang (余浪). 2009. “合议制独任化的问题与对策 (The Problem of the Solofication of the Collegial Panel and Countermeasures).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (12):156–57.Google Scholar

Yu, Long (于珑). 2013. “为生二胎离婚复婚不久又要离 (Divorced In Order to Have A Second Child, Remarried, Shortly Afterwards Tried to Divorce Again).” 都市晨报 (City Morning News), February 21, A13.Google Scholar

Yuan, Dingbo (袁定波). 2013. “全国法院5年156名法官因公牺牲 (Over the Past Five Years 156 Judges Sacrificed on the Job in Courts Nationwide).” Retrieved August 14, 2020 (www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2013/04/id/937260.shtml).Google Scholar

Yuan, Dingbo (袁定波) and Ding, Yuansen. 2012. “2632家各级法院专设审管机构 (Case Management Offices Established in 2,632 Courts at Every Level).” 法制日报 (Legal Daily), December 27, 5.Google Scholar

Yun, Dan (贠丹). 2019. “对受虐妇女综合症专家证据的理论反思与路径建构 (Theory and Practical Steps Concerning Expert Evidence of Battered Woman Syndrome).” 妇女研究论丛 (Journal of Chinese Women’s Studies) (156):75–85.Google Scholar

Zaloznaya, Marina and Hagan, John. 2012. “Fighting Human Trafficking or Instituting Authoritarian Control? The Political Co-Optation of Human Rights Protection in Belarus.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power Through Classification and Rankings, edited by Davis, K., Fisher, A., Kingsbury, B., and Merry, S. E., pp. 344–64. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Zang, Emma. 2020. “When Family Property Becomes Individual Property: Intrahousehold Property Ownership and Women’s Well-Being in China.” Journal of Marriage and Family 82(4):1213–33.Google Scholar

Zeng, Congli (曾聪俐), Yao, Yuankai, Hu, Jie, Hou, Gang, and Ma, Jingjing. 2013. “我国农村‘留守儿童’义务教育问题的调查与研究 – – 以甘肃省、贵州省、江西省以及山东省的抽样调查为依据 (Survey Research on Compulsory Education Among China’s ‘Left-Behind Children’).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (6):234–35.Google Scholar

Zeng, Hui (曾辉) and Zhou, Qiuyun. 2019. “婚姻案件中家庭暴力认定难的应对路径研究 – – 以证据规则的适用为视角 (Research on Resolving Difficulties Affirming Domestic Violence in Marriage Cases).” Retrieved August 15, 2020 (www.pinlue.com/article/2019/04/1814/588718108749.html).Google Scholar

Zeng, Qiong (曾琼). 2008. “论离婚案件中的公告送达 (On Public Notice Service of Process in Divorce Cases).” 学海 (Academia Bimestrie) 2:161–65.Google Scholar

Zeng, Shaoyou (曾少友). 2013. “离婚案中农村妇女权益保护之窘境及对策之探讨 (Exploring Predicaments and Countermeasures in the Protection of the Rights of Rural Women in Divorce Cases).” 才智 (Ability and Wisdom) (14):242.Google Scholar

Zhan, Yufeng (詹玉锋). 2013. “‘形合审离’合议制度运行现状及对策 (The Current Situation of ‘Collegial in Form But Absent from Trials’ in Judicial Panel System and Countermeasures).” Retrieved August 7, 2020 (www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2013/04/id/938443.shtml).Google Scholar

Zhang, Cheng (章程). 2013. “女儿起诉离婚老爹出庭阻止法院判不准离婚 (When A Daughter Filed for Divorce in Court, Her Father Showed up to Prevent It, and the Court Denied Her Divorce Petition).” 广州日报 (Guangzhou Daily), August 2, AII1.Google Scholar

Zhang, Haifeng (张海峰), and Fan, Honggui. 2011. “婚姻诉讼案件中判据离婚的衡量标准探析 (An Exploration of Standards for Divorce in Marriage Litigation Cases).” Retrieved December 24, 2019 (http://jzzy.hncourt.gov.cn/public/detail.php?id=4767).Google Scholar

Zhang, Honglin (张洪林). 2012. “反家庭暴力法的立法整合与趋势 (Legislative Integration and Trends of Anti-Domestic Violence Laws).” 法学 (Law Science) (2):43–52.Google Scholar

Zhang, Hongwei. 2014. “Domestic Violence and Its Official Reactions in China.” In The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Criminology, edited by Cao, L., Sun, I. Y., and Hebenton, B., pp. 224–37. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Zhang, Jianyuan (张剑源). 2018. “家庭暴力为何难以被认定?以涉家暴离婚案件为中心的实证研究 (Why Is Family Violence Difficult to Affirm? An Empirical Study Focusing on Divorce Cases Related to Family Violence).” 山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版) (Journal of Shandong University [Philosophy and Social Sciences]) (4):103–11.Google Scholar

Zhang, Lianhan and Zuo, Weimin. 2020. “Criminal Defense Rate and Underlying Wealth Effect: Data Analysis Based on Judgments of First Instance In Sichuan Province in 2015 and 2016.” Wisconsin International Law Journal 37(2):441–68.Google Scholar

Zhang, Xianming (张先明). 2014. “设法解决法官流失问题 (Design Laws to Resolve the Problem of Judge Attrition).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), March 13, 6.Google Scholar

Zhang, Qianfan. 2016a. “Judicial Reform in China: An Overview.” In China’s Socialist Rule of Law Reforms Under Xi Jinping, edited by Garrick, J. and Bennett, Y. C., pp. 17–29. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Zhang, Qianfan (张千帆). 2016b. “如何设计司法? 法官、律师与案件数量比较研究 (How Should the Judiciary Be Designed? Comparative Research on the Caseloads of Judges and Lawyers).” 比较法研究 (Journal of Comparative Law) (1):52–62.Google Scholar

Zhang, Qing (张青). 2018. “基层法官流失的图景及逻辑: 以Y省部分基层法院为例 (A View and the Logic of Judge Attrition in Basic-Level Courts: Taking A Portion of Basic-Level Courts in Province Y as Examples).” 清华法学 (Tsinghua University Law Journal) 12(4):48–67.Google Scholar

Zhang, Rongli (张荣丽). 2017. “家暴致离婚案件子女抚养权归属审判研究 – – 从儿童保护法律视角对调研结果及典型案例的分析 (Research on the Assignment of Child Custody in Divorces Caused by Domestic Violence: Research Results And An Analysis of Typical Cases From the Perspective of Laws Protecting Children).” 妇女研究论丛 (Journal of Chinese Women’s Studies) (1):46–53.Google Scholar

Zhang, Rui (张瑞). 2019. “法官助理的身份困境及其克服 (The Predicament of the Status of Judges’ Clerks and Overcoming It).” 法治研究 (Research on Rule of Law) (5):111–21.Google Scholar

Zhang, Taisu. 2012. “The Pragmatic Court: Reinterpreting the Supreme People’s Court of China.” Columbia Journal of Asian Law 25:1–61.Google Scholar

Zhang, Taisu and Ginsburg, Tom. 2019. “China’s Turn toward Law.” Virginia Journal of International Law 59:278–361.Google Scholar

Zhang, Wei (张伟). 2012. “家事纠纷解决机制的调查与研究 (Survey Research on Domestic Relations Dispute Resolution Mechanisms).” 河南财经政法大学学报 (Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law) (6):48–67.Google Scholar

Zhang, Wusheng (章武生). 2012. “我国民事简易程序的反思与发展进路 (Reflections on China’s Simplified Civil Procedure and Its Future).” 现代法学 (Modern Law Science) 34(2):86–96.Google Scholar

Zhang, Xianming (张先明). 2015. “我国陪审制度的历史沿革与现状 (The History and Current Situation of China’s Lay Assessor System).” 人民法院报 (People’s Court Daily), April 21, 1.Google Scholar

Zhang, Xuejun (张学军). 2009. “婚姻法学研究三十年 (Thirty Years of Legal Research on Marriage Law).” 法学杂志 (Law Science Magazine) 2:26–29.Google Scholar

Zhang, Ying (张莹). 2011. “我国登记离婚法律制度的发展与完善 (Developing and Perfecting China’s System for Registering Divorce).” 山东女子学院学报 (Journal of Shandong Women’s University) (6):74–78.Google Scholar

Zhang, Yujia (张裕佳). 2017. “论立案登记制实施中的问题与完善: 以北京市法院为例 (On Problems in and the Perfection of the Implemention of the Case Filing and Registration System: Taking a Beijing Court as an Example).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (2):18–22.Google Scholar

Zhang, Yun (章蕴). 1957. “勤俭建国勤俭持家为建设社会主义而奋斗: 章蕴同志在中国妇女第三次全国代表大会上的报告 (Diligently Build the Nation and Diligently Grasp the Family for the Struggle of Socialist Construction: Zhang Yun’s Report to the Third National Meeting of the All-China Women’s Federation).” 人民日报 (People’s Daily), September 9, 4.Google Scholar

Zhao, Chunlan (赵春兰), and Jie, Ming. 2008. “我国民事速裁程序适用过程须明确的几个问题 (Some Issues In Need of Clarification in the Process of Applying China’s Civil Expedited Procedures).” 政治与法律 (Political Science and Law) (1):153–57.Google Scholar

Zhao, Jianwen (赵建文). 2016. “中国人权报告: 性别平等与妇女发展状况 (China Human Rights Report: Gender Equality and Women’s Development).” In 中国法治发展报告 (Annual Report on China’s Rule of Law), edited by Li, L. and Tian, H., pp. 47–57. Beijing: 社会科学文献出版社 Social Sciences Academic Press.Google Scholar

Zhao, Li (赵莉), and Ding, Yu. 2016. “离婚案件中涉及未成年子女抚养权归属存在的问题及对策 – – 以南京市六家基层法院四年 (2011 – 2014 年) 离婚纠纷案件判决书为样本 (Issues and Countermeasures Concerning the Determination of Child Custody in Divorce Cases: A Sample of Four Years [2011–2014] of Adjudicated Divorce Decisions from Six Basic-Level Courts I.” 中华女子学院学报 (Journal of China Women’s University) (1):24–34.Google Scholar

Zhao, Mingxing (赵明星). 2018. “论离婚诉讼的公告送达制度 (On the Public Notice Service of Process System in Divorce Litigation).” 思想政治与法律研究 (Research on Ideology, Politics, and Law) 9:187.Google Scholar

Zhao, Qiang (赵强). 2015. “不堪家暴砍死丈夫她被判了5年 (Unable to Endure Domestic Violence, She Hacked Her Husband to Death, Sentenced to Five Years).” 河南商报 (Henan Commercial Daily), May 22, A18.Google Scholar

Zhao, Ruohui and Zhang, Hongwei. 2017. “Family Violence and the Legal and Social Responses in China.” In Global Responses to Domestic Violence, edited by Buzawa, E. S. and Buzawa, C., pp. 189–206. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar

Zhao, Shuhong (赵淑红). 2019. “苏南五市婚姻家庭纠纷的调研分析报告 (Report of An Analysis of Marriage and Family Disputes in Five Cities in Southern Jiangsu Province).” 法制博览 (Legality Vision) (25):154–55.Google Scholar

Zhao, Xiuju (赵秀举). 2017. “论民事和解协议的纠纷解决机制 (On the Dispute Resolution Mechanism of Civil Reconcilation Agreements).” 现代法学 (Modern Law Science) 39(1):132–44.Google Scholar

Zhao, Zejun (赵泽君) and Zhao, Yanyu. 2011. “‘民事普通程序简便审’不可取 (Simplifying the Ordinary Procedure Is Not the Way to Go).” 法制与经济 (Legal and Economic) (7):69–70.Google Scholar

Zhao, Zhengfu (赵政府). 2020. “嫌疑人携带剔骨刀捅刺法官.” 生活报 (Life Post), November 18, 6.Google Scholar

Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Statistics. 2015. 浙江统计年鉴 (Zhejiang Statistical Yearbook). Beijing: China Statistics Press.Google Scholar

Zhejiang Provincial High Court Research Team (浙江省高级人民法院联合课题组). 2019. “构建新型审判团队研究 (Research on Constructing A New Form of Trial Team).” 人民司法 (People’s Judicature) (13):56–61.Google Scholar

Zheng, Chunyan, Jiahui, Ai, and Liu, Sida. 2017. “The Elastic Ceiling: Gender and Professional Career in Chinese Courts.” Law & Society Review 51(1):168–99.Google Scholar

Zheng, Tiantian. 2015. “Intimate Partner Violence, Women, And Resistance in Postsocialist China.” Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women’s and Gender Studies 13:155–82.Google Scholar

Zheng, Yunbo (郑云波). 2018. “员额制框架下法院案多人少矛盾的解决 – – 以民事诉讼为主要视角 (Resolving the Contradictions of Many Cases and Few Judges Under the Quota System Framework: From the Perspective of Civil Procedure).” 天府新论 (New Horizons from Tianfu) (6):129–36.Google Scholar

Zhengzhou Municipal Intermediate Court Research Group. 2014. “基层法院‘案多人少’问题研究: 以郑州地区为主要研究样本 (Research on the Problem of ‘Many Cases, Few Judges’ in Basic-Level Courts).” Retrieved June 8, 2018 (www.hncourt.gov.cn/public/detail.php?id=145295).Google Scholar

Zhou, Bin (周斌). 2014. “四大因素促法院办案保质保量 (Four Major Factors Promoting Court Case Quality).” 法制日报 (Legal Daily), March 13, 1.Google Scholar

Zhou, Bingyi (周冰一), and Qiu., Yuanting 2018. “家事法官眼中的离婚浮世绘 (Portraits of Divorce Through the Eyes of a Domestic Relations Judge).” 南方人物周刊 (Southern People Weekly) Retrieved August 24, 2021 (www.nfpeople.com/article/8705).Google Scholar

Zhou, Jiao (周姣). 2018. “关于离婚冷静期制度的思考 (Thoughts on a System for Divorce Cooling-Off Periods).” 法制与社会 (Legal System and Society) (1):35–36.Google Scholar

Zhou, Jing (周竟). 2013. “浙江温州出台家暴告诫制度: 轻微家暴也将被存档 (Zhejiang’s Wenzhou Introduces Domestic Violence Warning System: Minor Domestic Violence Will Be Filed).” Xinhua. Retrieved April 26, 2020 (http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1128/c70731-23688176.html).Google Scholar

Zhou, Viola. 2017. “More Divorces Combined with Fewer Marriages Seen as Threat to Family Life.” South China Morning Post, September 6, p.5.Google Scholar

Zhou, Wanting (周婉婷). 2018. “离婚诉讼中二次起诉司法裁判研究 (Research on Second Trials in Divorce Litigation).” M.A. Thesis, Yunnan University School of Law.Google Scholar

Zhu, Suli. 2016. Sending Law to the Countryside: Research on China’s Basic-Level Judicial System. Singapore: Springer.Google Scholar

Zhu, Yameng (朱雅萌). 2020. “我国法官员额制改革问题研究 (Research on the Issue of China’s Judge Quota System Reform).” 法学研究 (CASS Journal of Law) (21):64–65,68.Google Scholar

Zhu, Xuan (朱轩). 2021. “衡阳妇联回应‘女子5年4次起诉离婚被驳’: 曾多次介入, 男方偏激 (Hengyang Women’s Federation Responds to ‘Woman Denied Divorce Four Times in Five Years’: In Numerous Interventions, Her Husband Exhibited Extreme Behavior).” ThePaper.Cn. Retrieved August 3, 2021 (www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_12196008).Google Scholar

Zhu, Zhanwang (朱展望), and Zou, Songwen. 2001. “民事简易程序适用过程中出现的问题及其对策 – – 以浙江省金华市两级法院为考察对象 (Problems and Countermeasures in the Application of the Simplified Civil Procedure: Taking Both Levels of Courts in Zhejiang’s Jinhua Municipality as the Object of Investigation).” 法律适用 (国家法官学院学报) (Journal of Applied Law [National Judges College Law Journal]) (8):48–52.Google Scholar

Zou, Tiran (邹倜然). 2015. “女子不堪长期家暴杀夫获刑5年 (Woman Sentenced to Five Years After Killing Her Abusive Husband).” 工人日报 (Workers’ Daily), March 14, 6.Google Scholar

Zuo, Weimin (左卫民). 2018. “‘诉讼爆炸’的中国应对:基于W区法院近三十年审判实践的实证分析 (The Chinese Response to a ‘Litigation Explosion’: An Empirical Analysis of Thirty Years of Adjudicatory Practice in District W Court).” 中国法学 (China Legal Science) (4):238–60.Google Scholar

Zuo, Weimin (左卫民). 2020. “通过诉前调解控制‘诉讼爆炸’ – – 区域经验的实证研究 (Controlling the ‘Litigation Explosion’ Through Pre-Trial Mediation: Empirical Research on a Region’s Experience).” 清华法学 (Tsinghua University Law Journal) 14(4):89–106.Google Scholar

Zuo, Weimin and Jinghua, Ma. 2013. “The Role of Criminal Defence Lawyers in China: An Empirical Study of D County, S Province.” In Comparative Perspectives on Criminal Justice in China, edited by McConville, M. and Pils, E., pp. 234–55. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

Book contents

References

Summary

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive