Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T17:35:05.766Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2024

Mathias Poertner
Mathias Poertner
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Creating Partisans
The Organizational Roots of New Parties in Latin America
 , pp. 225 - 242
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, Scott F., Koçak, Korhan, and Magazinnik, Asya. 2022. “What Do We Learn about Voter Preferences from Conjoint Experiments?” American Journal of Political Science 66 (4): 1008–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Achen, Christopher H., and Bartels, Larry M.. 2016. Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alianza, PAIS. 2014. Régimen Orgánico del Movimiento Alianza PAIS, Patria Altiva i Soberna. Alianza PAIS, La Convención Nacional del Movimiento Alianza PAIS, Patria Altiva i Soberna.Google Scholar
Alto, Hervé do. 2007. “El MAS-IPSP boliviano, entre la protesta callejera y la política institucional.” In Reinventando la nación en Bolivia: movimientos sociales, Estado y poscolonialidad, edited by Monasterios, Karin, Stelihoanoni, Pablo, and Alto, Hervé do, 71–110. La Paz: CLACSO/Plural.Google Scholar
Alvarez, Sonia E., Dagnino, Evelina, and Escobar, Arturo. 1998. “Introduction: The Cultural and the Political in Latin American Social Movements Research.” In Cultures of Politics, Politics of Cultures: Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements, edited by Sonia, E. Alvarez, Dagnino, Evelina, and Escobar, Arturo. Boulder, CO: Press, Westview.Google Scholar
Anria, Santiago. 2019. When Movements Become Parties: The Bolivian MAS in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ansolabehere, Stephen, Snyder, James M., and Stewart, Charles. 2000. “Old Voters, New Voters, and the Personal Vote: Using Redistricting to Measure the Incumbency Advantage.” American Journal of Political Science 44 (1): 17–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arceneaux, Kevin, and Kolodny, Robin. 2009. “Educating the Least Informed: Group Endorsements in a Grassroots Campaign.” American Journal of Political Science 53 (4): 755–770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arriola, Leonardo R. 2013. Multi-Ethnic Coalitions in Africa: Business Financing of Opposition Election Campaigns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Art, David. 2011. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnea, Shlomit, and Rahat, Gideon. 2010. “‘Out with the Old, in with the “New”’: What Constitutes a New Party?” Party Politics 17 (3): 303–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Samuel H., McDonough, Peter, and López Pina, Antonio. 1985. “The Development of Partisanship in New Democracies: The Case of Spain.” American Journal of Political Science 29 (4): 695–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barr, Robert R. 2003. “The Persistence of Neopopulism in Peru? From Fujimori to Toledo.” Third World Quarterly 24 (6): 1161–1178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bartolini, Stefano, and Mair, Peter. 1990. Identity, Competition and Electoral Availability: The Stabilisation of European Electorates 1885–1985. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Becker, Marc. 2011. Pachakutik: Indigenous Movements and Electoral Politics in Ecuador. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Berger, Suzanne. 1981. “Introduction.” In Organizing Interests in Western Europe: Pluralism, Corporatism, and the Transformation of Politics, edited by Berger, Suzanne, 1–23. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Berman, Sheri. 2003. “Islamism, Revolution, and Civil Society.” Perspectives on Politics 1 (2): 257–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birnir, Jóhanna Kristín. 2001. “Party System Stabilization in New Democracies: The Effect of Ethnic Heterogeneity on Volatility of Electoral Preferences.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Bolívar Meza, Rosendo. 2014. “Morena: el partido del lopezobradorismo.” Polis 10 (2): 71–103.Google Scholar
Brader, Ted, and Tucker, Joshua A.. 2001. “The Emergence of Mass Partisanship in Russia, 1993–1996.” American Journal of Political Science 45 (1): 69–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, Henry E., and Collier, David, eds. 2004. Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Brug, Wouter van der, Eijk, Cees van der, and Franklin, Mark. 2007. The Economy and the Vote: Economic Conditions and Elections in Fifteen Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruhn, Kathleen. 1997. Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.Google Scholar
Bruhn, Kathleen. 2012. “The PRD and the Mexican Left.” In The Oxford Handbook of Mexican Politics, edited by Camp, Roderic Ai, 188–209. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cain, Bruce E., Roderick Kiewiet, D., and Uhlaner, Carole J.. 1991. “The Acquisition of Partisanship by Latinos and Asian Americans.” American Journal of Political Science 35 (2): 390–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E.. 1960. The American Voter. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Campbell, Donald T. 1958. “Common Fate, Similarity, and Other Indices of the Status of Aggregates of Persons as Social Entities.” Behavorial Science 3 (1): 14–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantú, Francisco, Desposato, Scott, and Magar, Eric. 2014. “Consideraciones metodológicas para estudiantes de política legislativa mexicana: sesgo por selección en votaciones nominales.” Política y Gobierno 21 (1): 25–54.Google Scholar
Capoccia, Giovanni, and Daniel Kelemen, R.. 2007. “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism.” World Politics 59 (3): 341–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandra, Kanchan. 2004. Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chhibber, Pradeep K. 1999. Democracy without Associations: Transformations of the Party System and Social Cleavages in India. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cirone, Alexandra, and Van Coppenolle, Brenda. 2019. “Bridging the Gap: Lottery-Based Procedures in Early Parliamentarization.” World Politics 71 (2): 197–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cleary, Matthew R., and Stokes, Susan. 2006. Democracy and the Culture of Skepticism: The Politics of Trust in Argentina and Mexico. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Cohen, Geoffrey L. 2003. “Party over Policy: The Dominating Impact of Group Influence on Political Beliefs.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 (5): 808–822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, David, and Munck, Gerado L., eds. 2022. Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Collier, David. 1991. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Handlin, Samuel, eds. 2009a. Reorganizing Popular Politics: Participation and the New Interest Regime in Latin America. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Handlin, Samuel, eds. 2009b. “Introduction: Popular Representation in the Interest Area.” In Reorganizing Popular Politics: Participation and the New Interest Regime in Latin America, edited by Collier, Ruth Berins and Handlin, Samuel, 3–31. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Handlin, Samuel, eds. 2009c. “Situating the Analysis: Analytic Approach, Cases, and Historical Context.” In Reorganizing Popular Politics: Participation and the New Interest Regime in Latin America, edited by Collier, Ruth Berins and Handlin, Samuel, 32–60. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Handlin, Samuel, eds. 2011. “Venezuela: Hugo Chávez and the Populist Left.” In The Resurgence of the Latin American Left, edited by Levitsky, Steven and Kenneth, M. Roberts, 213–238. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Combes, Hélène. 2022. “The Complex Interaction between Vertical Interest Aggregation and Horizontal Coordination.” In Diminished Parties: Democratic Representation in Contemporary Latin America, edited by Luna, Juan Pablo, Rodríguez, Rafael Piñeiro, Rosenblatt, Fernando, and Vommaro, Gabriel, 93–110. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Conaghan, Catherine M. 2008. “Ecuador: Correa's Plebiscitary Presidency.” Journal of Democracy 19 (2): 46–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Converse, Philip E. 1969. “Of Time and Partisan Stability.” Comparative Political Studies 2 (2): 139–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cyr, Jennifer. 2017. The Fates of Political Parties: Institutional Crisis, Continuity, and Change in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, Emmerich, and Falleti, Tulia G.. 2017. “Poor People's Participation: Neoliberal Institutions or Left Turn?” Comparative Political Studies 50 (12): 1699–1731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, Henry A. 1998. Urban Poverty, Political Participation, and the State: Lima, 1970–1990. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, Henry A., and Myers, David J.. 2007. “From Thaw to Deluge: Party System Collapse in Venezuela and Peru.” Latin American Politics & Society 49 (2): 59–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York, NY: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Druckman, James N., Kifer, Martin J., and Parkin, Michael. 2009. “Campaign Communications in U.S. Congressional Elections.” American Political Science Review 103 (3): 343–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druckman, James N., Kifer, Martin J., and Parkin, Michael. 2020. “Campaign Rhetoric and the Incumbency Advantage.” American Politics Research 48 (1): 22–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duverger, Maurice. 1954. Political Parties: Their Organisation and Activity in the Modern State. London & New York, NY: Methuen & Wiley.Google Scholar
Eaton, Kent. 2013. “From Movement to Party? Right Reactions to the Left Turn in Bolivia.” Working paper.Google Scholar
El Comercio. 2016a. “Alianza País se reúne a puerta cerrada para tomar decisiones sobre las elecciones del 2017.” June 29. www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/alianzapais-reunion-candidatos-elecciones-2017.html.Google Scholar
El Comercio. 2016b. “La directiva de Alianza País decide el método de selección de candidatos.” August 24. www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/alianzapais-metodo-seleccion-candidatos-directiva.html.Google Scholar
El Diario. 2002. “Bolivia Condenada Por Amnistía Internacional.” May 29. www.eldiario.net/noticias/2002/2002_05/nt020529/.Google Scholar
El Diario. 2003a. “Contundente Paro Cívico de El Alto Deja Hgeridos de Bala.” October 9. www.eldiario.net/noticias/2003/2003_10/nt031009/.Google Scholar
El Diario. 2003b. “La Violencia Se Impuso En Primer Día de Paro.” October 9. www.eldiario.net/noticias/2003/2003_10/nt031009/.Google Scholar
El Diario. 2003c. “Unánime Rechazo a La Exportación de Gas Por Chile.” September 20. www.eldiario.net/noticias/2003/2003_09/nt030920/.Google Scholar
El Diario. 2018. “Conalcam observa a cinco ministerios.” January 5. www.eldiario.net/noticias/2018/2018_01/nt180105/politica.php?n=76&.Google Scholar
El Telégrafo. 2016. “PAIS tendría candidatos ‘preseleccionados’ para el binomio presidencial.” August 25. http://tinyurl.com/y8w24y8x.Google Scholar
El Universal. 2006. “Se opone al plantón 65% en DF: encuesta.” August 14. https://nacion/141694.html.Google Scholar
Ellner, Steve. 2003. “The Contrasting Variants of the Populism of Hugo Chávez and Alberto Fujimori.” Journal of Latin American Studies 35 (1): 139–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angélica, Enciso L.. 2018. “Organizaciones campesinas deciden dar su apoyo al abanderado de Morena.” La Jornada, January 23, 4. www.jornada.com.mx/2018/01/23/politica/004n2pol.Google Scholar
Escárzaga, Fabiola. 2012. “El gobierno de los movimientos sociales.” In El primer govierno de Evo Morales: un balance retroperspectivo, edited by Ernst, Tanja and Schmalz, Stefan, 137–164. La Paz: Plural editores.Google Scholar
Etchemendy, Sebastián. 2021. “The Politics of Popular Coalitions: Unions and Territorial Social Movements in Post-NeoliberalLatin America.” In The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies, edited by Kapiszewski, Diana, Levitsky, Steven, and Deborah, J. Yashar, 287–326. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Geoffrey. 2000. “The Continued Significance of Class Voting.” Annual Review of Political Science 3 (1): 401–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabricant, Nicole. 2012. Mobilizing Bolivia's Displaced: Indigenous Politics and the Struggle over Land. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Farthing, Linda C., and Kohl, Benjamin H.. 2014. Evo's Bolivia: Continuity and Change. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Farthing, Linda, and Becker, Thomas. 2021. Coup: A Story of Violence and Resistance in Bolivia. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.Google Scholar
Ferree, Karen E. 2006. “Explaining South Africa's Racial Census.” Journal of Politics 68 (4): 803–815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filho, Clayton M. Cunha. 2014. “El ’proceso de cambio’ en Bolivia: un balance de ocho años.” T’inkazos-Revista Boliviana de Ciencias Sociales 17: 37–153.Google Scholar
Finnegan, William. 2002. “Leasing the Rain.” The New Yorker, April 8. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/04/08/leasing-the-rain.Google Scholar
Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Fiorina, Morris P. 1989. Congress, Keystone of the Washington Establishment: Keystone of the Washington Establishment. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Foos, Florian, and de Rooij, Eline A.. 2019. “Voter Mobilization in Intimate Networks.” In The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion, edited by Suhay, Elizabeth, Grofman, Bernard, and Trechsel, Alexander. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fowler, Anthony. 2014. “Disentangling the Personal and Partisan Incumbency Advantages: Evidence from Close Elections and Term Limits.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 9 (4): 501–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freidenberg, Flavia. 2012. “Ecuador 2011: Revolución ciudadana, estabilidad presidencial y personalismo político.” Revista de Ciencia Política 32 (1): 129–150.Google Scholar
Garay, Candelaria. 2007. “Social Policy and Collective Action: Unemployed Workers, Community Associations, and Protest in Argentina.” Politics & Society 35 (2): 301–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García Yapur, Fernando Luis, Alberto García Orellana, Luis, and Soliz Romero, Marizol. 2014. MAS legalmente, IPSP legítimamente: Ciudadanía y devenir Estado de los campesinos indígenas en Bolivia. La Paz: Fundación PIEB.Google Scholar
García-Guadilla, María. 2018. “The Incorporation of Popular Sectors and Social Movements in Venezuelan Twenty-First-Century Socialism.” In Reshaping the Political Arena in Latin America: From Resisting Neoliberalism to the Second Incorporation, edited by Silva, Eduardo and Federio, M. Rossi, 60–77. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasper, John T., and Reeves, Andrew. 2011. “Make It Rain? Retrospection and the Attentive Electorate in the Context of Natural Disasters.” American Journal of Political Science 55 (2): 340–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelman, Andrew, and King, Gary. 1990. “Estimating Incumbency Advantage without Bias.” American Journal of Political Science 34 (4): 1142–1164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomez Mena, Carolina. 2006. “Asamblea de Sindicatos Resuelve Acudir a La CND.” La Jornada, September 10. www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/09/10/index.php?section=politica&arti%20cle=007n1pol.Google Scholar
Gomez Mena, Carolina, Muñoz, Patricia, Balboa, Juan, and Galan, José. 2006. “Organizaciones Sociales y Estudiantes Alistan Sus Propuestas Para La CND.” La Jornada, September 14. www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/09/14/index.php?section=politica&arti%20cle=018n1pol.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1985. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91 (3): 481–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, Donald, and Palmquist, Bradley. 1994. “How Stable Is Party Identification?” Political Behavior 16 (4): 437–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, Donald, Palmquist, Bradley, and Schickler, Eric. 2002. Partisan Hearts and Minds. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Greene, Kenneth F. 2007. Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico's Democratization in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwald, Glenn. 2012. “America's Refusal to Extradite Bolivia's Ex-President to Face Genocide Charges | Glenn Greenwald.” The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/sep/09/america-refusal-extradite-bolivia.Google Scholar
Gronke, Paul. 2001. The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Office: A Unified Approach to Senate and House Elections. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Gutérrez, Héctor. 2015. “Tómbola de Morena hace candidatos a amas de casa y fans de AMLO… ” El Financiero, February 24. www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/tombola-de-morena-hace-candidatos-a-amas-de-casa-y-fans-de-amlo.html.Google Scholar
Guttsman, Wilhelm Leo. 1981. The German Social Democratic Party, 1875–1933. London & Boston, MA: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Haerpfer, Christian, Rondald Inglehart, Alejandro Moreno, Christian Welzel, Kseniya Kizilova, Jaime Diez-Medrano, Marta Lagos, Norris, Pippa, Ponarin, Eduard, and Puranen, Bi, eds. 2020. World Values Survey: Round Seven – Country-Pooled Datafile. Madrid/Vienna: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. Accessed July 21, 2020. www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV7.jsp.Google Scholar
Hainmueller, Jens, Hopkins, Daniel J., and Yamamoto, Teppei. 2014. “Causal Inference in Conjoint Analysis: Understanding Multidimensional Choices via Stated Preference Experiments.” Political Analysis 22 (1): 1–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, Henry E. 2006. Why Not Parties in Russia?: Democracy, Federalism, and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hamilton, David L., and Sherman, Steven J.. 1996. “Perceiving Persons and Groups.” Psychological Review 103 (2): 336–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, Hahrie. 2016. “The Organizational Roots of Political Activism: Field Experiments on Creating a Relational Context.” American Political Science Review 110 (2): 296–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handlin, Samuel. 2012. “Survey Research and Social Class in Venezuela: Evaluating Alternative Measures and Their Impact on Assessments of Class Voting.” Latin American Politics and Society 55 (1): 141–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handlin, Samuel. 2013. “Social Protection and the Politicization of Class Cleavages during Latin America's Left Turn.” Comparative Political Studies 46 (12): 1582–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harnecker, Marta, and Fuentes, Federico. 2008. MAS-IPSP: instrumento político que surge de los movimientos sociales. Caracas: Centro Internacional Miranda.Google Scholar
Headlam, James Wycliffe. 1891. Election by Lot at Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hellinger, Daniel. 2005. “When ‘No’ Means ‘Yes to Revolution’: Electoral Politics in Bolivarian Venezuela.” Latin American Perspectives 32 (3): 8–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicken, Allen. 2009. Building Party Systems in Developing Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hino, Airo. 2012. New Challenger Parties in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, Michael A. 2000. “Subjective Uncertainty Reduction through Selfcategorization: A Motivational Theory of Social Identity Processes.” European Review of Social Psychology 11 (1): 223–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, Michael A. 2001. “Self-Categorization and Subjective Uncertainty Resolution: Cognitive and Motivational Facets of Social Identity and Group Membership.” In The Social Mind: Cognitive and Motivational Aspects of Interpersonal Behavior, edited by Korgas, Joseph, Williams, Kipling D., and Wheeler, Ladd, 323–349. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hogg, Michael A. 2004. “Uncertainty and Extremism: Identification with High Entitativity Groups under Conditions of Uncertainty.” In The Psychology of Group Perception: Perceived Variability, Entitativity, and Essentialism, edited by Yzerbyt, Vincent, Judd, Charles M., and Corneille, Olivier, 401–418. New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Hogg, Michael A. 2005. “Uncertainty, Social Identity, and Ideology.” In Social Identification in Groups, edited by Shane, R. Thye and Edward, J. Lawler, 22: 203–229. Advances in Group Processes. Leeds: Emerald Group Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, Michael A., and Scott Tindale, R.. 2005. “Social Identity, Influence, and Communication in Small Groups.” In Intergroup Communication: Multiple Perspectives, edited by Harwood, Jake and Giles, Howard, 141–164. New York, NY: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Holland, Alisha C. 2016. “Insurgent Successor Parties: Scaling Down to Build a Party after War.” In Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America, edited by Jorge, I. Domínguez, Levitsky, Steven, Van Dyck, Brandon, and Loxton, James, 273–304. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, Alisha C., and Palmer-Rubin, Brian. 2015. “Beyond the Machine: Clientelist Brokers and Interest Organizations in Latin America.” Comparative Political Studies 48 (9): 1186–1223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmberg, Sören. 2007. “Partisanship Reconsidered.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, edited by Russell, J. Dalton and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, 557–570. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Huber, Gregory A., Hill, Seth J., and Lenz, Gabriel S.. 2012. “Sources of Bias in Retrospective Decision Making: Experimental Evidence on Voters’ Limitations in Controlling Incumbents.” The American Political Science Review 106 (4): 720–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huddy, Leonie. 2001. “From Social to Political Identity: A Critical Examination of Social Identity Theory.” Political Psychology 22 (1): 127–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummel, Calla. 2021. Why Informal Workers Organize: Contentious Politics, Enforcement, and the State. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Innes, Abby. 2002. “Party Competition in Postcommunist Europe: The Great Electoral Lottery.” Comparative Politics 35 (1): 85–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Commission of Jurists, 2007. Bolivia – ICJ Urgers Respect for Human Rights in Bolivian State of Siege. International Commission of Jurists, International Commission of Jurists. Accessed April 10, 2018. www.icj.org/news.php3?id_article=2511&lang=en.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Gary C., and Carson, Jamie L.. 2019. The Politics of Congressional Elections. 10th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 1996. The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapiszewski, Diana, Levitsky, Steven, and Yashar, Deborah J., eds. 2021. The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, Richard S., and Mair, Peter. 1995. “Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy The Emergence of the Cartel Party.” Party Politics 1 (1): 5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katznelson, Ira. 1986. “Working-Class Formation: Constructing Cases and Comparisons.” In Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth-century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States, edited by Katznelson, Ira and Aristide, R. Zolberg, 3–41. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kerevel, Yann. 2010. “The Legislative Consequences of Mexico's Mixed-Member Electoral System, 2000–2009.” Electoral Studies 29 (4): 691–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Key, V. O. Jr. 1942. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups. New York, NY: Crowell.Google Scholar
Key, V. O. Jr. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York, NY: Knopf.Google Scholar
Kirchheimer, Otto. 1966. “The Transformation of the Western European Party Systems.” In Political Parties and Political Development, edited by LaPalombara, Joseph and Weiner, Myron, 177–200. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert. 1989. The Logics of Party Formation: Ecological Politics in Belgium and West Germany. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert. 1994. The Transformation of European Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert. 2000. “Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Democratic Polities.” Comparative Political Studies 33 (6–7): 845–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert, and Wilkinson, Steven I., eds. 2007. Patrons, Clients, and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korpi, Walter. 1983. The Democratic Class Struggle. London & Boston, MA: Routledge Kegan & Paul.Google Scholar
Kramer, Gerald H. 1971. “Short-Term Fluctuations in U.S. Voting Behavior, 1896–1964.” The American Political Science Review 65 (1): 131–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
La Hora. 2008. “Alberto Acosta considera que se deben realizar elecciones primarias en Alianza PAIS – La Hora.” September 8. https://lahora.com.ec/noticia/778884/alberto-acosta-considera-que-se-deben-realizar-elecciones-primarias-en-alianza-pais-.Google Scholar
La Jornada. 2006. “Proponen Que Se Invite a La CND a Bases Zapatistas.” September 13. www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/09/13/index.php?section=politica&arti%20cle=017n3pol.Google Scholar
La Razón. 2010. “LA CONALCAM se convertirá en un suprapoder.” August 30. www.la-razon.com/index.php?_url=/nacional/CONALCAM-CONVERTIRA-SUPRAPODER_0_1240075994.html.Google Scholar
Laclau, Ernesto, and Mouffe, Chantal. 1985. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Tell Us about the Mind. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langston, Joy. 2006. “The Changing Party of the Institutional Revolution: Electoral Competition and Decentralized Candidate Selection.” Party Politics 12 (3): 395–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LAPOP. 2012. The AmericasBarometer by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). Accessed September 1, 2019. www.LapopSurveys.org.Google Scholar
LAPOP. 2016. The AmericasBarometer by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). Accessed September 1, 2019. www.LapopSurveys.org.Google Scholar
LAPOP. 2017. The AmericasBarometer by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). Accessed May 5, 2020. www.LapopSurveys.org.Google Scholar
Lau, Richard R., and Redlawsk, David P.. 2001. “Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making.” American Journal of Political Science 45 (4): 951–971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeBas, Adrienne. 2011. From Protest to Parties: Party-Building and Democratization in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
León Trujillo, Jorge, and Spronk, Susan. 2018. “Socialism without Workers? Trade Unions and the New Left in Bolivia and Ecuador.” In Reshaping the Political Arena in Latin America: From Resisting Neoliberalism to the Second Incorporation, edited by Silva, Eduardo and Federico, M. Rossi, 129–156. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, Steven. 1998. “Institutionalization and Peronism: The Concept, the Case and the Case for Unpacking the Concept.” Party Politics 4 (1): 77–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, Steven. 2003. Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America: Argentine Peronism in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, Steven, Loxton, James, and Van Dyck, Brandon. 2016. “Introduction: Party-Building in Latin America.” In Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America, edited by Jorge, I. Domínguez, Levitsky, Steven, Van Dyck, Brandon, and Loxton, James, 1–48. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, Steven, Loxton, James, Van Dyck, Brandon, and Domınguez, Jorge I., eds. 2016. Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, Steven, and Roberts, Kenneth M., eds. 2011. The Resurgence of the Latin American Left. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lidtke, Vernon. 1985. The Alternative Culture: Socialist Labor in Imperial Germany. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lidtke, Vernon. 1986. “Burgers, Workers and Problems of Class Relationships 1870 to 1914: Germany in Comparative Perspective.” In Arbeiter und Bürger im 19. Jahrhundert. Varianten ihres Verhältnisses im europäischen Vergleich, edited by Kocka, Jürgen, 29–46. München: Oldenbourg Verlag.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1960. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Rokkan, Stein. 1967. “Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments: An Introduction.” In Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives, edited by Lipset, Seymour and Rokkan, Stein, 1–64. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Loaeza, Soledad. 2003. “The National Action Party PAN: From the Fringes of the Political System to the Heart of Change.” In Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Changes, edited by Mainwaring, Scott and Timothy, R. Scully. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Luna, Juan Pablo. 2010. “Segmented Party-Voter Linkages in Latin America: The Case of the UDI.” Journal of Latin American Studies 42 (2): 325–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, Juan Pablo, Piñeiro Rodríguez, Rafael, Rosenblatt, Fernando, and Vommaro, Gabriel. 2022. “Introduction.” In Diminished Parties: Democratic Representation in Contemporary Latin America, edited by Luna, Juan Pablo, Rodríguez, Rafael Piñeiro, Rosenblatt, Fernando, and Vommaro, Gabriel, 1–28. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lupia, Arthur. 1994. “Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections.” The American Political Science Review 88 (1): 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, Noam. 2014. “Brand Dilution and the Breakdown of Political Parties in Latin America.” World Politics 66 (4): 561–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, Noam. 2016a. “Building Party Brands in Argentina and Brazil.” In Challenges of Party-Building in Latin America, edited by Jorge, I. Domínguez, Levitsky, Steven, Van Dyck, Brandon, and Loxton, James, 76–99. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, Noam. 2016b. Party Brands in Crisis: Partisanship, Brand Dilution, and the Breakdown of Political Parties in Latin America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, Noam, and Stokes, Susan. 2010. “Democracy, Interrupted: Regime Change and Partisanship in Twentieth-Century Argentina.” Electoral Studies 29: 91–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madrid, Raúl. 2005. “Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America.” Comparative Politics 38 (1): 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madrid, Raúl. 2008. “The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America.” World Politics 60 (3): 475–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madrid, Raúl. 2012. The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magaloni, Beatriz. 2006. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott. 1999. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, and Scully, Timothy. 1995. “Party Systems in Latin America.” In Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America, edited by Mainwaring, Scott and Scully, Timothy, 1–34. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, and Torcal, Mariano. 2006. “Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory after the Third Wave of Democratization.” In Handbook of Party Politics, edited by Richard, S. Katz and William, J. Crotty, 204–227. London: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, and Zoco, Edurne. 2007. “Political Sequences and the Stabilization of Interparty Competition: Electoral Volatility in Old and New Democracies.” Party Politics 13 (2): 155–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mair, Peter, Müller, Wolfgang C., and Plasser, Fritz. 2004. Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets. London: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manin, Bernard. 1997. The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, Michael. 1973. Consciousness and Action among the Western Working Class. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, Thomas E., and Wolfinger, Raymond E.. 1980. “Candidates and Parties in Congressional Elections.” American Political Science Review 74 (3): 617–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, Monty G., and Robert Gurr, Ted, eds. 2020. Polity5: Regime Authority Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2018, Datasets. Vienna, VA. Accessed January 31, 2022. www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata.html.Google Scholar
MAS-IPSP. 2012. Estatuto Orgánico: Movimiento al Socialismo Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos (MAS-IPSP).Google Scholar
Matthews, Robin Charles Oliver. 1986. “The Economics of Institutions and the Sources of Growth.” The Economic Journal 96 (384): 903–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maya, Arcelia. 2018. “Van con AMLO 40 organizaciones campesinas.” Reforma. www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?Id=1305475&impresion=1&urlredirect=https://www.reforma.com/aplicaciones/articulo/default.aspx?id=1305475&impresion=1.Google Scholar
Mayorga, Fernando. 2012. “La democracia boliviana: avances y desafíos.” In Democracias en trans-formación ¿Qué hay de nuevo en los nuevos Estados andinos?, edited by Dargatz, Anja and Zuazo, Moira, 23–79. La Paz: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.Google Scholar
McKinleyJr., James C. 2006a. “Leftist Starts Legal Battle over Mexico Vote.” New York Times, July 10. www.nytimes.com/2006/07/10/world/americas/10mexico.html.Google Scholar
McKinleyJr., James C. 2006b. “Mexican Court Rejects Election Fraud Challenges.” New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2006/08/28/world/americas/28cnd-mexico.html.Google Scholar
McKinleyJr., James C. 2006c. “Mexico Recount Begins, and Protests Go On.” New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2006/08/10/world/americas/10mexico.html.Google Scholar
Michels, Robert. 1915. Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. New York, NY: Hearst's International Library Company.Google Scholar
Mijeski, Kenneth J., and Beck, Scott H.. 2011. Pachakutik and the Rise and Decline of the Ecuadorian Indigenous Movement. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Warren E., and Shanks, J. Merrill. 1996. The New American Voter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Previsión Social. 2015. “El Pacto de Unidad, la CONALCAM y la COB son la columna vertebral del Proceso de Cambio.” Trabajo – Unidad de Comunicación – Boletin Informativo 7: 4.Google Scholar
Mollinedo, Rider Jesús. 2015. “CONALCAM: La organización de organizaciones.” La época. http://laepoca.com.bo/index.php?opt=front&mod=detalle&id=4837.Google Scholar
Monroe, Kristen Renwick, Hankin, James, and Bukovchik Van Vechten, Renée. 2005. “The Psychological Foundations of Identity Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 3: 419–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MORENA. 2014. Estatuto de MORENA.Google Scholar
Morgan, Jana. 2011. Bankrupt Representation and Party System Collapse. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Press.Google Scholar
Murillo, Maria Victoria. 2001. Labor Unions, Partisan Coalitions, and Market Reforms in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mustillo, Thomas. 2018. “Floating Voters and the Rise of New Left Parties: Electoral Volatility during Party System Transformation.” Latin American Politics and Society 60 (3): 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naurin, Elin. 2011. Election Promises, Party Behaviour and Voter Perceptions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New York Times. 2018a. “Ex-Bolivian President Loses Civil Suit Involving 2003 Unrest.” April 3. www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/04/03/us/ap-us-bolivian-ex-president-trial.html.Google Scholar
New York Times. 2018b. “U.S. Jury Finds Ex-Bolivia Leader Responsible for Civilian Deaths.” April 3. www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/04/03/world/americas/03reuters-usa-bolivia-trial.html.Google Scholar
Nichter, Simeon. 2008. “Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot.” American Political Science Review 102 (1): 19–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
North, Douglass C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
North, Douglass C. 2016. “Alianza PAIS debate el método de selección de candidatos.” August 24. Accessed April 6, 2018. https://notimundo.com.ec/alianza-pais-debate-el-metodo-de-seleccion-de-candidatos/.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, Guillermo A. 1994. “Delegative Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 5 (1): 55–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer-Rubin, Brian. 2022. Evading the Patronage Trap: Interest Representation in Mexico. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panebianco, Angelo. 1988. Political Parties: Organization and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Julio, Peña y Lillo E.. 2012. “Estado y movimientos sociales: historia de una dialéctica impostergable.” Iconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (44), 67–83.Google Scholar
Pérez Bentancur, Verónica, Piñeiro Rodríguez, Rafael, and Rosenblatt, Fernando. 2019. How Party Activism Survives: Uruguay's Frente Amplio. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez-Rolo González, Marta. 2016. “Ecuador y Alianza Pais.” Revista Estudios del Desarrollo Social: Cuba y América Latina 4 (1): 53–65.Google Scholar
Pierson, Paul. 2000. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics.” American Political Science Review 94 (2): 251–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitkin, Hanna F. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piven, Frances Fox. 1991. “Labor Parties in Postindustrial Societies.” In The Decline of Labor Parties: An Overview, edited by Piven, Frances Fox, 1–19. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Poertner, Mathias. 2021. “The Organizational Voter: Support for New Parties in Young Democracies.” American Journal of Political Science 65 (3): 634–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poertner, Mathias. 2023a. “Building the Party on the Ground: The Role of Access to Public Office for Party Growth.” The Journal of Politics 85 (4): 1516–1528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poertner, Mathias. 2023b. “Does Political Representation Increase Participation? Evidence from Party Candidate Lotteries in Mexico.” American Political Science Review 117 (2): 537–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poertner, Mathias, Garay, Candelaria, and Palmer-Rubin, Brian. 2022. “Mass Politics 2.0: Organizations and Political Participation in Neoliberal Latin America?” Working paper.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, and Hoffman, Kelly. 2003. “Latin American Class Structures: Their Composition and Change during the Neoliberal Era.” Latin American Research Review 38 (1): 41–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posner, Daniel N. 2005. Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1985. Capitalism and Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, and Sprague, John. 1986. Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ramírez Gallegos, Frankin. 2010. “Desencuentros, convergencias, polarización (y viceversa): El gobierno ecuatoriano y los movimientos sociales.” Nueva Sociedad 227 (May/June): 83–101.Google Scholar
Riedl, Rachel Beatty. 2014. Authoritarian Origins of Democratic Party Systems in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riker, William H. 1962. The Theory of Political Coalitions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Ritter, Gerhard. 1963. Die Arbeiterbewegung im Wilhelminischen Reich. Die sozialdemokratische Partei und die freien Gewerkschaften 1890–1900. Berlin: Colloquium.Google Scholar
Roberts, Kenneth M. 2012. “Parties, Party Systems, and Political Representation.” In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics, edited by Kingstone, Peter and Deborah, J. Yashar, 48–60. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Roberts, Kenneth M. 2014. Changing Course: Party Systems in Latin America's Neoliberal Era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Kenneth M. 2016. “Populism and Political Representation.” In The Oxford Handbook of Politics of Development, online edition, edited by Lancaster, Carol and Van de Walle, Nicolas. Oxford: Oxford University Press. www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199845156-e-30.Google Scholar
Roberts, Kenneth M., and Wibbels, Erik. 1999. “Party Systems and Electoral Volatility in Latin America: A Test of Economic, Institutional, and Structural Explanations.” American Political Science Review 93 (3): 575–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosas, Guillermo. 2010. “Issues, Ideologies, and Partisan Divides: Imprints of Programmatic Structure on Latin American Legislatures.” In Latin American Party Systems, edited by Herbert Kitschelt, Kirk A. Hawkins, Luna, Juan Pablo, Rosas, Guillermo, and Zechmeister, Elizabeth J., 70–95. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosch, Eleanor. 1978. “Principles of Categoization.” In Cognition and Categorization, edited by Rosch, Eleanor and Barbara, B. Lloyd, 27–48. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Rosenblatt, Fernando. 2018. Party Vibrancy and Democracy in Latin America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossi, Federico M. 2014. “Territorial Struggles for the Second Incorporation of the Popular Sectors in Argentina and Brazil, 1996–2012.” Working paper.Google Scholar
Samuels, David. 2006. “Sources of Mass Partisanship in Brazil.” Latin American Politics and Society 48 (2): 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, David, and Zucco, Cesar. 2015. “Crafting Mass Partisanship at the Grass Roots.” British Journal of Political Science 45 (4): 755–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sartori, Giovanni. 1976. Parties and Party Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, Elmer Eric. 1942. Party Government. New York, NY: Rinehart.Google Scholar
Schavelzon, Salvador. 2012. El nacimiento del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. Etnografía de una Asamblea Constituyente. La Paz: CLACSO/Plural editores/CEJIS/IWGIA.Google Scholar
Schickler, Eric, and Green, Donald. 1997. “The Stability of Party Identification in Western Democracies: Results from Eight Panel Surveys.” Comparative Political Studies 30 (4): 450–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seawright, Jason. 2012. Party-System Collapse: The Roots of Crisis in Peru and Venezuela. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Shefter, Martin. 1977. “Party and Patronage: Germany, England, and Italy.” Politics & Society 7 (4): 403–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sikk, Allan. 2005. “How Unstable? Volatility and the Genuinely New Parties in Eastern Europe.” European Journal of Political Research 44 (3): 391–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, Eduardo. 2009. Challenging Neoliberalism in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, Eduardo, and Rossi, Federio M., eds. 2018. Reshaping the Political Arena in Latin America: From Resisting Neoliberalism to the Second Incorporation. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. 2003. Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Spronk, Susan. 2007. “Roots of Resistance to Urban Water Privatization in Bolivia: The ‘New Working Class,’ the Crisis of Neoliberalism, and Public Services.” International Labor and Working-Class History (71): 8–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spronk, Susan. 2013. “Neoliberal Class Formation(s): The Informal Proletariat and ‘New’ Workers’ Organizations in Latin America.” In The New Latin American Left: Cracks in the Empire, edited by Jeffery, R. Webber and Carr, Barry, 75–93. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Stokes, Susan, Dunning, Thad, Nazareno, Marcelo, and Brusco, Valeria. 2013. Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism: The Puzzle of Distributive Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajfel, Henri. 1981. Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Talalovich, Raymond. 1975. “‘Friends and Neighbors’ Voting: Mississippi, 1943–73.” Journal of Politics 37 (3): 807–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavits, Margit. 2008a. “On the Linkage between Electoral Volatility and Party System Instability in Central and Eastern Europe.” European Journal of Political Research 47 (5): 537–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavits, Margit. 2008b. “Party Systems in the Making: The Emergence and Success of New Parties in New Democracies.” British Journal of Political Science 38 (1): 113–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thachil, Tariq. 2014a. “Elite Parties and Poor Voters: Theory and Evidence from India.” American Political Science Review 108 (2): 454–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thachil, Tariq. 2014b. Elite Parties, Poor Voters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Clive S. 2001. “Studying the Political Party-Interest Group Relationship.” In Political Parties and Interest Groups: Shaping Democratic Governance, edited by Clive, S. Thomas, 1–23. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, E. P. 1966. The Making of the English Working Class. New York, NY: Vintage.Google Scholar
Thomson, Robert, and Brandenburg, Heinz. 2019. “Trust and Citizens’ Evaluations of Promise Keeping by Governing Parties.” Political Studies 67 (1): 249–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torre, Carlos de la. 1999. “Neopopulism in Contemporary Ecuador: The Case of Bucaram's Use of the Mass Media.” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 12 (4): 555–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuckman, Jo. 2006. Mexican Leftist Sets Up Protest Camp. Accessed April 10, 2018. www.theguardian.com/world/2006/aug/02/mexico.Google Scholar
Turner, John C., Hogg, Michael A., Oakes, Penelope J., Reicher, Stephen D., and Wetherell, Margaret S.. 1987. Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. New York, NY: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Urgentebo. 2016. Desde Conalcam piden el cambio de ministros que se hacen a los 'superhombres o supermujeres’. Accessed April 4, 2018. www.urgentebo.com/noticia/desde-conalcam-piden-el-cambio-de-ministros-que-se-hacen-los-superhombres-o-supermujeres.Google Scholar
Valentino, Nicholas A., and Sears, David O.. 1998. “Event-Driven Political Communication and the Preadult Socialization of Partisanship.” Political Behavior 20 (2): 127–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cott, Van, Lee, Donna. 2000. The Friendly Liquidation of the Past: The Politics of Diversity in Latin America. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cott, Van, Lee, Donna. 2005. From Movements to Parties in Latin America: the Evolution of Ethnic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viaña, Jorge. 2011. “La compleja trama de permanente interlocución/ruptura entre movimientos sociales y el gobierno del MAS en Bolivia 2006–2009.” In Claves de la transición del poder (Cuaderno de Futuro 26), edited by Hurtado, Roger Cortéz, 19–94. La Paz: UNDP.Google Scholar
Vommaro, Gabriel. 2022. “Horizontal Coordination and Vertical Aggregation Mechanisms of the PRO in Argentina and Its Subnational Variations.” In Diminished Parties: Democratic Representation in Contemporary Latin America, edited by Luna, Juan Pablo, Rodríguez, Rafael Piñeiro, Rosenblatt, Fernando, and Vommaro, Gabriel, 48–69. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wallander, Lisa. 2009. “25 Years of Factorial Surveys in Sociology: A Review.” Social Science Research 38 (3): 505–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webber, Jeffery R. 2011. From Rebellion to Reform in Bolivia: Class Struggle, Indigenous Liberation, and the Politics of Evo Morales. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.Google Scholar
Webber, Jeffery R. 2017. The Last Day of Oppression, and the First Day of the Same: The Politics and Economics of the New Latin American Left. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1922. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Tübingen: Mohr.Google Scholar
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich. 1986. “Bürger, Arbeiter und das Problem der Klassenbildung 1800–1870. Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich.” In Arbeiter und Bürger im 19. Jahrhundert. Varianten ihres Verhältnisses im europäischen Vergleich, edited by Kocka, Jürgen, 1–27. München: Oldenbourg Verlag.Google Scholar
Weldon, Jeffrey A. 2001. “The Consequences of Mexico's Mixed-Member Electoral System, 1988–1997.” In Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?, edited by Matthew, S. Shugart and Martin, P. Wattenberg, 447–476. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weßels, Bernhard, and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter. 2009. “Interest Groups and Voters’ Choice: Evidence of Representation and Hostility Effects in Germany, Spain and the United States.” In Politik – Wissenschaft – Medien: Festschrift für Jürgen W. Falter zum 65. Geburtstag, edited by Kaspar, Hanna, Schoen, Harald, Schumann, Siegfried, and Jürgen, R. Winkler. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt. 1996. “Neopopulism and Neoliberalism in Latin America: Unexpected Affinities.” Studies in Comparative International Development 31 (3): 3–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyland, Kurt, Madrid, Raúl L., and Hunter, Wendy, eds. 2010. Leftist Governments in Latin America: Successes and Shortcomings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky. 2002. Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism and Political Change in Egypt. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Yashar, Deborah J. 2005. Contesting Citizenship in Latin America: The Rise of Indigenous Movements and the Postliberal Challenge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yashar, Deborah J. 2006. “Indigenous Politics in the Andes: Changing Patterns of Recognition.” In The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes, edited by Mainwaring, Scott, Bejarano, Ana María, and Leongómez, Eduardo Pizarro, 257–294. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Zuazo, Moira. 2009. ¿Cómo nació el MAS? La ruralización de la política en Bolivia: Entrevistas a 85 parlamentarios del partido. 2nd ed. La Paz: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.Google Scholar
Zucker, Lynne G. 1986. “Production of Trust : Institutional Sources of Economic Structure, 1840–1920.” Research in Organizational Behavior 8: 53–111.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Mathias Poertner, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: Creating Partisans
  • Online publication: 07 December 2024
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Mathias Poertner, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: Creating Partisans
  • Online publication: 07 December 2024
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Mathias Poertner, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book: Creating Partisans
  • Online publication: 07 December 2024
Available formats
×