Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T20:12:36.331Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Governance of Firms, Poverty and Shared Responsibilities for Human Rights in UNGPs: Smart-Mix Regulation and CSR within Coalitions of the (Un)Willing

from Part I - Regulation Concepts, Paradigms and Approaches for Corporate Social Responsibility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2023

Onyeka K. Osuji
Affiliation:
University of Essex
Franklin N. Ngwu
Affiliation:
Pan-Atlantic University Lagos Business School, Nigeria
Gary Lynch-Wood
Affiliation:
University of Manchester School of Law
Get access

Summary

The chapter uses global poverty as a case study subset of human rights to expand the smart-mix regulation discourse to the field of human rights where there is little legal affirmation of the methods for tackling challenges. It shows how the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) exemplify governance reluctance and uncertainties in international human rights law. It argues that, if properly designed, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can potentially address governance gaps for human rights beyond the scope of the UNGPs. The chapter further shows that CSR can be utilised by willing actors for safeguarding rights and combating the unwillingness of powerful political and economic entities to accept the legalisation of business responsibility for human rights.

Type
Chapter
Information
Corporate Social Responsibility Across the Globe
Innovative Resolution of Regulatory and Governance Challenges
, pp. 65 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Addo, M. K. (2020). Is Business and Human Rights Suitable for the Compliance Function? The University of Chicago Law Review Online. Available at: https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2020/01/07/is-business-and-human-rights-suitable-for-the-compliance-function-by-michael-k-addo/.Google Scholar
Amao, O. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Rights and the Law. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. (2009). Petroleum, Pollution and Poverty in the Niger Delta. London: Amnesty International.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. (2017). Amnesty International Report 2016/17: The State of the World’s Human Rights. London: Amnesty International.Google Scholar
Andreassen, B. and Banik, D. (2010). Editorial introduction: human rights and extreme poverty: African dimensions. The International Journal of Human Rights, 14(1), 412.Google Scholar
Ashford, E. (2007). The duties imposed by the human right to basic necessities. In Pogge, T, ed., Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right: Who Owes What to the Very Poor? Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 183218.Google Scholar
Babic, M., Fichtner, J. and Heemskerk, E. M. (2017). States versus corporations: rethinking the power of business in international politics. The International Spectator, 52(4), 2043.Google Scholar
Backer, L. (2006). Multinational corporations, transnational law: the United Nations norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations as a harbinger of corporate social responsibility in international law. Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 37(2), 287389.Google Scholar
Bilchitz, D. (2016). The necessity for a business and human rights treaty. Business and Human Rights Journal, 1, 203–27.Google Scholar
Blitt, R. (2012). Beyond Ruggie’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: charting an embracive approach to corporate human rights compliance. Texas International Law Journal, 48(1), 3362.Google Scholar
Bonnitcha, J. and McCorquodale, R. (2017). The concept of ‘due diligence’ in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. European Journal of International Law, 28(3), 899919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brinkman, R. and Brinkman, J. (2002). Corporate power and the globalization process. International Journal of Social Economics, 29, 730–52.Google Scholar
Brownlie, I. (2019). Principles of Public International Law, 9th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Burger, M., Gundlach, J., Kreilhuber, A., Ognibene, L., Kariukia, A. and Gachie, A. (2017). The Status of Climate Change Litigation: A Global Review. New York: UNEP/Sabin Centre for Climate Change Law, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Cappelletti, M. and Garth, B. G. (1978). Access to justice: the newest wave in the worldwide movement to make rights effective. Buffalo Law Review, 27, 181292.Google Scholar
Cassel, D. (2001). Human rights and business responsibilities in the global marketplace. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11(2), 261–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clapham, A. and Jerbi, S. (2000). Categories of corporate complicity in human rights abuses. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 24, 339–49.Google Scholar
Commission of the European Communities (CEC). (2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Renewed EU Strategy 2011–14 for Corporate Social Responsibility, COM(2011) 881 final. Brussels: European Commission.Google Scholar
Cosans, C. (2009). Does Milton Friedman support a vigorous business ethics? Journal of Business Ethics, 87(3), 391–99.Google Scholar
Cragg, W. (2015). Ethics, enlightened self-interest, and the corporate responsibility to respect human rights: a critical look at the justificatory foundations of the UN Framework. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(1), 936.Google Scholar
Danish Institute for Human Rights (2020). Business and human rights national action plans – a snapshot in 2020. https://globalnaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/summary-of-bhr-naps-november-2020-dihr_final.pdf.Google Scholar
Davies, J. (2019). From severe to routine labour exploitation: the case of migrant workers in the UK food industry. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 19(3), 294310.Google Scholar
Davis, P. (February 2016). Private Sector Development in Countries Progressing from Poverty. Final Report, prepared for the Department for International Development. Rotterdam: ECORYS. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a0895a40f0b6497400002e/61510_Private-Sector-Development-in-Countries-Progressing-from-Poverty_040416.pdf.Google Scholar
Davitti, D. (2016). Refining the protect, respect and remedy framework for business and human rights and its guiding principles. Human Rights Law Review, 16(1), 5575.Google Scholar
De Felice, D. and Graf, A. (2015). The potential of national action plans to implement human rights norms: an early assessment with respect to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 7(1), 4071.Google Scholar
De Jonge, A. (2011). Transnational corporations and international law: bringing TNCs out of the accountability vacuum. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 7(1), 6689.Google Scholar
Department for International Development (DFID). (2011). The Engine of Development: The Private Sector and Prosperity for Poor People. London: DFID.Google Scholar
De Schutter, O. (2015). Towards a new treaty on business and human rights. Business and Human Rights Journal, 1, 4167.Google Scholar
Detomasi, D. 2007. The multinational corporation and global governance: modelling global public policy networks. Journal of Business Ethics, 71(3), 321–34.Google Scholar
Deva, S. (2003). UN’s human rights norms for transnational corporations and other business enterprises: an imperfect step in the right direction. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 10, 493523.Google Scholar
Erskine, T. (2018). ‘Coalitions of the willing’ and the shared responsibility to protect. In Nollkaemper, A. and Jacobs, D., eds., Distribution of Responsibilities in International Law, pp. 227–64. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fawcett, J. J., Ní Shúilleabháin, M. and Shah, S. (2016). Human Rights and Private International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ferraz, O. (2008). Poverty and human rights. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 28(3), 585603.Google Scholar
Freeman, R. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. London: Pitman.Google Scholar
Frey, B. (1997). The legal and ethical responsibilities of transnational corporations in the protection of international human rights. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 6, 153–88.Google Scholar
Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine, September, 122–5.Google Scholar
Gatto, A. (2011). Multinationals and Human Rights: Obligations under EU Law and International Law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Glendon, M. (1997). Knowing the universal declaration of human rights. Notre Dame Law Review, 73(5), 1153–90.Google Scholar
Griffiths, B., (2001). The business corporation as a moral community. In Griffiths, B., Sirico, R., Barry, N. and Field, F., eds., Capitalism, Morality and Markets. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, pp. 1740.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N. and Grabosky, P. (1998). Smart Regulation: Designing Environmental Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, J. (2013). Establishing a meaningful human rights due diligence process for corporations: learning from experience of human rights impact assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 31(2), 107–17.Google Scholar
Hilgert, J. (2019). Article 23(4) trade union rights and the United Nations policy of devolution on labour relations. Labour History, 60(5), 503–19.Google Scholar
Hudon, M. and Sandberg, J. (2013). The ethical crisis in microfinance: issues, findings, and implications. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(4), 561–89.Google Scholar
Human Rights Council. (26 June 2014). Elaboration of an International Legally Binding Instrument on Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Respect to Human Rights. A/HRC/RES/26/9. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G14/082/52/PDF/G1408252.pdf?OpenElement.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. (2020). World Report: 2020, Events of 2019. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
International Corporate Accountability Roundtable (ICAR) (2017). Assessments of Existing National Action Plans (NAPS) on Business and Human Rights. Washington, DC: ICAR.Google Scholar
International Federation for Human Rights. (2016). Corporate Accountability for Human Rights Abuses A Guide for Victims and NGOs on Recourse Mechanisms, 3rd ed. Paris: International Federation for Human Rights.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2020). World Employment and Social Outlook Trends 2020. Geneva: International Labour Organization.Google Scholar
Jägers, N. (2011). UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: making headway towards real corporate accountability? Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 29(2), 159–63.Google Scholar
Kinderman, D. (2016). Time for a reality check: is business willing to support a smart mix of complementary regulation in private governance? Policy and Society, 35(1), 2942.Google Scholar
Kinley, D. (2009). Civilising Globalisation: Human Rights and the Global Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kinley, D. and Tadaki, J. (2004). From walk to talk: the emergence of human rights responsibilities for corporations at international law. Virginia Journal of International Law, 44(4), 9311023.Google Scholar
Kolstad, I. (2007). Why firms should not always maximize profits. Journal of Business Ethics, 76(2), 137145.Google Scholar
Lapierre, T., Duverne, C. and Zorrilla, J. (2020). What if future EU mandatory human rights due diligence legislation comes to rescue of French Corporate Duty of Vigilance law? www.ibanet.org/Article/NewDetail.aspx?ArticleUid=0B9779EE-5105-4A43-B92E-EF4536E664F9#:~:text=The%202017%20French%20Corporate%20Duty,to%20prepare%2C%20publish%20and%20implement.Google Scholar
Latorre, A. (2020). In defence of direct obligations for businesses under international human rights law. Business and Human Rights Journal, 5(1), 5683.Google Scholar
Leigh Day (2019). Supreme Court rules Zambian villagers’ case against Vedanta to be heard in English courts. www.leighday.co.uk/latest-updates/news/2019-news/supreme-court-rules-zambian-villagers-case-against-vedanta-to-be-heard-in-english-courts/.Google Scholar
Lodge, G. and Wilson, C. (2006). Multinational corporations and global poverty reduction. Challenge, 49(3), 1725.Google Scholar
Lynch-Wood, G. (2014). Poverty, human rights, and responsibilities. In Gudić, M., Rosenbloom, A. and Parkes, C., eds., Socially Responsible Organizations and the Challenge of Poverty. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lynch‐Wood, G. and Williamson, D. (2007). The social licence as a form of regulation for small and medium enterprises. Journal of Law and Society, 34(3), 321–41.Google Scholar
Lynch‐Wood, G., Williamson, D. and Jenkins, W. (2009). The over‐reliance on self‐regulation in CSR policy. Business Ethics: A European Review, 18(1), 5265.Google Scholar
Lyon, T. and Maxwell, J. (2011). Greenwash: corporate environmental disclosure under the threat of audit. Journal of Economics and Management, 20(1), 341.Google Scholar
MacEwan, A. (1999). Neo-liberalism or Democracy? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
MacLeod, S. and Lewis, D. (2004). Transnational corporations: power, influence and responsibility. Global Social Policy, 4(1), 7798.Google Scholar
Martin-Ortega, O. (2014). Human rights due diligence for corporations: from voluntary standards to hard law at last? Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 32(1), 4474.Google Scholar
Mayer, A. (2009). Human rights as a dimension of CSR: the blurred lines between legal and non-legal categories. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 561–77.Google Scholar
McCorquodale, R. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and international human rights law. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(2), 385400.Google Scholar
Metcalf, D. (2019). United Kingdom Labour Market Enforcement Strategy 2019/20. London: HM Government.Google Scholar
Miretski, P. and Bachmann, S. (2012). The UN ‘norms on the responsibility of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights’: a requiem. Deakin Law Review, 17(1), 541.Google Scholar
Muchlinksi, P. (2001). Human rights and multinationals: is there a problem? International Affairs, 77(1), 3148.Google Scholar
Muchlinski, P. (2011). The 2011 Revision of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Human Rights, Supply Chains and the ‘Due Diligence’ Standard for Responsible Business. A4ID Series on Responsible Business. London: Advocates for International Development (A4ID).Google Scholar
Muchlinski, P. (2014). Corporations in international law. In Wolfrum, R., ed., Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e1513.Google Scholar
Nolan, J. and Bott, G. (2018). Global supply chains and human rights: spotlight on forced labour and modern slavery practices. Australian Journal of Human Rights, 24(1), 4469.Google Scholar
O’Brien, C., Mehra, A., Blackwell, S. and Poulsen-Hansen, C. (2016). National action plans: current status and future prospects for a new business and human rights governance tool. Business and Human Rights Journal, 1(1), 117–26.Google Scholar
Omoteso, K. and Yusuf, H. (2017). Accountability of transnational corporations in the developing world: the case for an enforceable international mechanism. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 13(1), 5471.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2011). OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Recommendations for Responsible Business in A Global Context. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2015). G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2016). Promoting Pro-poor Growth: Private Sector Development. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Osuji, O. K. (2015). Corporate social responsibility, juridification and globalization: ‘inventive interventionism’ for a ‘paradox’. International Journal of Law in Context, 11(3), 134.Google Scholar
Osuji, O. K. and Abba, P. (2020). Domestic adjudicative institutions, developing countries and sustainable development: Linkages and limitations. In Osuji, O. K., Ngwu, F. and Jamali, D., eds., Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing and Emerging Markets – Institutions, Actors and Sustainable Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 4984.Google Scholar
Osuji, O. K. and Obibuaku, U. (2016). Right and corporate social responsibility – competing or complementary approaches to poverty reduction? Journal of Business Ethics, 136(2), 329–47.Google Scholar
Osuji, O. K. and Taiwo, O. (2021). Contextual centrality of institutional arbitration framework for African Union legal order. In Amao, O., Olivier, M. and Magliveras, K., eds., The Emergent African Union Law: Conceptualization, Delimitation, and Application. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pogge, T. (2005). World poverty and human rights. Ethics & International Affairs, 19(1), 17.Google Scholar
Ramasastry, A. (2015). Corporate social responsibility versus business and human rights: bridging the gap between responsibility and accountability. Journal of Human Rights, 14(2), 237–59.Google Scholar
Ratner, S. (2001). Corporations and human rights: a theory of legal responsibility. Yale Law Journal, 111(3), 443545.Google Scholar
Renouard, C. and Ezvan, C. (2018). Corporate social responsibility towards human development: a capabilities framework. Business Ethics: A European Review, 27(2), 144–55.Google Scholar
Rhou, Y. and Singal, M. (2020). A review of the business case for CSR in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 84, 102330–4.Google Scholar
Rivera, H. (2019). National action plans on business and human rights: progress or mirage? Business and Human Rights Journal, 4(2), 213–37.Google Scholar
Rodiles, A. (2020). Coalitions of the Willing and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruggie, J. and ShermanIII, J. (2017). The concept of ‘due diligence’ in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: a reply to Jonathan Bonnitcha and Robert McCorquodale. European Journal of International Law, 28(3), 921–8.Google Scholar
Sanders, A. (2015). The impact of the ‘Ruggie Framework’ and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights on transnational human rights litigation. LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers 18/2014, London School of Economics and Political Science Law Department. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2457983.Google Scholar
Schrage, S. and Gilbert, D. (2019). Addressing governance gaps in global value chains: introducing a systematic typology. Journal of Business Ethics, 170, 657–72.Google Scholar
Schrempf-Stirling, J. (2018). State power: rethinking the role of the state in political corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 150, 114.Google Scholar
Schrempf-Stirling, J. and Wettstein, F. (2017). Beyond guilty verdicts: human rights litigation and its impact on corporations’ human rights policies. Journal of Business Ethics, 145, 545–62.Google Scholar
Scott, S., Craig, G. and Geddes, A. (2012). Experiences of Forced Labour in the UK Food Industry. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Serafeim, G. (May 2014). The role of the corporation in society: an alternative view and opportunities for future research. Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 14–110.Google Scholar
Sethi, S. P. and Schepers, D. H. (2014). United Nations Global Compact: the promise–performance gap. Journal of Business Ethics, 122, 193208.Google Scholar
Shepherd, A. and Mariotti, C. (2015). Getting to Zero: Tackling Extreme Poverty through Private Sector Development Policy Guide. Washington, DC: Chronic Poverty Advisory Network.Google Scholar
Simons, P. and Macklin, A. (2014). The Governance Gap: Extractive Industries, Human Rights, and the Home State Advantage. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sofo, F. and Wicks, A. (2017). An occupational perspective of poverty and poverty reduction. Journal of Occupational Science, 24(2), 244–9.Google Scholar
Spar, D. (1998). The spotlight and the bottom line: how multinationals export human rights. Foreign Affairs, 77(2), 712.Google Scholar
Strange, S. (1991). Big business and the state. Millennium Journal of International Studies, 20(2), 245–50.Google Scholar
Strange, S. (1996). The Retreat of the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, G. (1990). The Political Economy of the New Right. London: Pinter.Google Scholar
Tondini, M. (2017). Coalitions of the Willing. In Nollkaemper, A. and Plakokefalos, I., eds., The Practice of Shared Responsibility in International Law, pp. 701–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tyler, K. and Chambers, R. (2012). Rights, Regulation and Remedy: The Extractive Sector and Development. London: Action for International Development (A4ID).Google Scholar
United Nations. (2008). Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Rights. Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises, John Ruggie, A/HRC/8/5. New York and Geneva: UN. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/128/61/PDF/G0812861.pdf?OpenElement.Google Scholar
United Nations. (22 April 2009). Promotion of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development. Business and Human Rights: Towards Operationalising the “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. UN Doc A/HRC/11/13. www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/11session/a.hrc.11.13.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2011). Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework. Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Human Rights, John Ruggie, on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. UN Doc A/HRC/17/31. New York/Geneva: UN. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/121/90/PDF/G1112190.pdf?OpenElement.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2012). The Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights: An Interpretive Guide. UN Doc HR/PUB/12/02. New York/Geneva: UN. www.ohchr.org/en/publications/special-issue-publications/corporate-responsibility-respect-human-rights-interpretive.Google Scholar
United Nations. (May 2013). A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development. Report of the high-level panel of eminent persons on the post-2015 development agenda. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=893&menu=1561.Google Scholar
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). (2013). General comment No. 16 (2013) on State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights. www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.C.GC.16.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2018). Making Markets Work for the SDGs: UNDP’s Private Sector Development and Partnership Strategy (2018–2022). New York: UNDP. www.undp.org/publications/undp-private-sector-strategy-2018-2022.Google Scholar
United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises (UN SRSG). (9 April 2010). Business and Human Rights: Further Steps Toward the Operationalization of the ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework. UN Doc A/HRC/14/27. www.reports-and-materials.org/Ruggie-report-2010.pdf.Google Scholar
Van Gossum, P., Arts, B. and Verheyen, K. (2010). From ‘smart regulation’ to ‘regulatory arrangements’. Policy Sciences, 43(3), 245–61.Google Scholar
Vizard, P. (2006). Poverty and Human Rights: Sen’s ‘Capability Perspective’ Explored. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weissbrodt, D. and Kruger, M. (2003). Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights. American Journal of International Law, 97(4), 901–22.Google Scholar
Wettstein, F. (2010). The duty to protect: corporate complicity, political responsibility and human rights advocacy. Journal of Business Ethics, 96, 3347.Google Scholar
Wettstein, F. (2012). CSR and the debate on business and human rights: bridging the great divide. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(4), 739–70.Google Scholar
Wettstein, F. (2015). Normativity, ethics, and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: a critical assessment. Journal of Human Rights, 14(2), 162–82.Google Scholar
Wettstein, F., Giuliani, E., Santangelo, G. and Stahl, G. (2019). International business and human rights: a research agenda. Journal of World Business, 54(1), 5465.Google Scholar
Williamson, D. and Lynch-Wood, G. (2021). The Structure of Regulation: Explaining Why Regulation Succeeds and Fails. Elgar Studies in Law and Regulation. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Working Group on Business and Human Rights. (2014). Open Consultation on the Strategic Elements of National Action Plans in the Implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Geneva: UN. www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Business/Session7/CNOpenConsultation20Feb2014.pdf.Google Scholar
Working Group on Business and Human Rights. (2016). Guidance on National Action Plans on Business and Human Rights. Geneva: UN. https://globalnaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/guidance-on-national-action-plans-on-business-and-human-rights.pdf.Google Scholar
World Bank Group (2021). The State of Economic Inclusion Report 2021. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.Google Scholar
Wouters, J. and Chané, A. (December 2013). Multinational corporations in international law. Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies Working Paper No. 129. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2371216.Google Scholar
Yeganeh, H. (2020). A critical examination of the social impacts of large multinational corporations in the age of globalization. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 16(3), 93208.Google Scholar
Zerk, J. (2006). Multinationals and Corporate Social Responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×