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6 - Therisk of oestrogens in contraceptives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2013

By
Sven O. Skouby
Edited by
Paula Briggs  and
Gabor Kovacs
Edited in consultation with
John Guillebaud
Paula Briggs
Affiliation:
Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
Gabor Kovacs
Affiliation:
Monash University, Victoria
John Guillebaud
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

This chapter reviews the estimated thrombotic risks associated with the oestrogen content of combined hormonal contraception. Thrombotic diseases discussed in this chapter are arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis. The risk of arterial thrombosis, including stroke and myocardial infarction, is reported to be increased in users of combined hormonal contraception. Such events may be fatal, or lead to disabling sequelae. While oestrogen may play a role in arterial thrombosis, the effect is primarily related to an interaction with traditional, and to some extent modifiable, risk factors for arterial disease. Venous thrombosis mostly manifests in the deep veins of the leg, but may occur in other sites, such as the upper extremities, cerebral sinus, liver and portal veins or retinal veins. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is strongly associated with age, obesity and in users of oral contraceptives (OCs). Pregnancy is a far more profound thrombophilia risk.
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Chapter
Information
Contraception
A Casebook from Menarche to Menopause
 , pp. 42 - 50
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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