Index
acte clair doctrine, 137
actes de gouvernement,
Administration of Fine Arts, 143
administrative contracts (contrats administratifs), 64, 130, 139, 284, 290, 304
amendment (avenant), 297
administrative courts, 65, , , , 303
and fines for abusive claims, 175
exceptions to separation of ordinary judicial authorities,
good administration and,
judicial review of, 154
penalities and,
proportionality and, 198
religious freedoms and,
separation from ordinary courts, , , 151
administrative decisions, 139, 147, 177
and assessments of legal requirements, 191
appeals against, 90
challenging,
correcting, 174
criminal courts and legality of, 133
declaratory judgments,
delay of, 230
duty to withdraw, 223
exceptions to legality of,
grounds of review of, 185
incompatible, 49
non-existence and,
techniques of avoiding null decisions, 170
administrative law, 1, 9
Conseil constitutionnel and, 8
context of, 26
fait du prince theory, 288
procedures, 176
sources of,
administrative law cases, claims in, 90
adversarial principle, the, 92
agent public contractuel, 273
AIDS-infected blood, compensation and, 141
Algeria, military coup in, 164
Anglo-American system, 55
anti-terrorism legislation, 136
appeals
Conseil d’Etat and, 70
immigration-related, 69
in the United Kingdom, 65
the Commission and, 78
time limits and, 227
to the European Convention on Human Rights, 60
to the king, 61
Architect des Bâtiments de France, 182
Armenian genocide, 201
Assemblée Nationale, 107
authority, legal source of, 130
Autorité de la concurrence, 114
balance sheet, theory of (le bilan coût-avantages),
Barre, Raymond, 28
Barrot, Odilon, 60
Batailler, F., 210
Bell, J., 299
biometric passports,
black people, false accusations against, 33
bouleversement de l’économie du contrat, 287
Boulogne, blockade of the port of, 258
British lawyers, droit administratif and, 1
burkini, local ban of, 108
care homes, breaches in, 42
case citation, 24
case law (la jurisprudence),
cases, public hearing of, 94
Catholic Church, real estate owned by, 275
causation, 263,
cause juridique distincte, 179
centralised power and local administration, 306
Chancellor d’Aguesseau, 92
Chancery, remedies of, 169
Chartres Cathedral, 143
Chirac Government, 21
Christian Democrat Party, 106
Civil Code, 285, 294
article 1129 of the, 279
article 1162 of the, , 283
article 1231–5 of the, 285
article 1242 of the, 241
article 1583 of the, 277
article 2044, 103
contractual consent and, 279
exceptions under, 134
liability and, 268
civil courts, 56, 64, 94, 119, 294
annulment by, 102
defence of illegality before,
ordinary, 65
regulation on conflicts in, 62
civil law countries, 270
civil servants
protection against suit, 217
civil service appointments, discrimination in, 96
clause unusual in private law,
Code de Justice Administrative (CJA), 46, 131
article 111–5, 133
article 741–2, 176
article L111–5, 134
article L212–1, 68
article L213–4, 103
article L3, 97
article L521–1, , 292
article L6, 94
article L773–4, 95
article L911–1, 124
article L911–4, 124
article L911–9, 124
article R122–18, 121
article R311–1, 247
article R421–5, 167
article R621–1, 109
article R621-7–2, 101
article R622–1, 113
article R625–3, 114
article R711–3, 118
article R712–1, 118
article R732–1, 121
article R732-1–1, 115
article R741–12, 175
article R751–1, 123
article R761–1, 174
Code de l’entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit de l’asile (Ceseda), 46
Code de la propriété des personnes publiques (CGPPP), 276
Code de la santé publique, 109
Code de la sécurité intérieure, 258
Code de Santé Publique, article 1110–5, 109
Code des marchés publics, 295
Code des relations entre le public et l’administration (CRPA), 23, 24, 46, 74, 99, 159, 178, 221, , , 226, 227, , 304
article L122-1, 225
article L211-2, 230
article L211-5, 230
article L242-1, 223
article L243-2, 223
Code des transports, 277
code général des collectivités territoriales (CGCT), 46
code général des impôts, 46
Code of Good Administrative Behaviour, 222
Code of Public Health, 261
Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration, 232
Code of Social Action and Families, 221
Code of Social Security, 267
codes and legislation, 46
cohabitation, 27
collegiality, principle of,
Comité consultatif national d’éthique et le Conseil national de l’Ordre des médecins, 109
commercial activities, and categories of litigation, 139
Commission centrale d’aide sociale (CCAS), 82
Commission consultative du secret de la défense nationale (CCSDN), 112
Commission de contrôle des assurances, 38
Commission des recours des réfugiés, 78
Commission des Réfugiés, 68
Commission du contentieux du stationnement payant, 83
Commission du Rapport et des Etudes,
commission for access to public documents (CADA), 39
Commission Permanente, 75
commissions départementales d’aide sociale (CDAS), 82
competence, lack of,
compulsory competitive tendering process, 271
Conciliation and Compensation Commission, 262
Conseil constitutionnel, 6, 129, 134, 168, 217, 275, 302
constitutional principles, 211
equality in taxation and, 213
Conseil constitutionnel decision, 130
Conseil d’Etat, 2, 6, 8, 12, 13, 47, 63, , 94, 111, 125, 137, 192, 201, 248
annuling of an expropriation and, 194
consultative role of,
decision of, 64
droit administrative and the, 3
equality in taxation, 213
judicial role of,
Prince Napoleon and, 164
reference for an opinion of the, 118
renaming of, 61
scrutiny of draft legislation and,
Section du Contentieux, 184
Service de diffusion des conclusions, 116
time limits and, 167
Conseil économique, social et environnemental régional (CESER), 35
Conseil national de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, 83
Conseil national de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL), 39
Conseil regional, 35
Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature, 83
Conseil, the, local authorities and,
consent, contractual, 279
Constitution French,
Constitution of An III (1795), 62
constitutional rights,
constitutional turn, the,
contentieux de pleine juridiction, 188
contracts
and categories of litegation, 139
binding force of,
consent, validity,
content, validity,
formation of,
illegality of, 286
performance of the,
remedies for parties to public law contracts,
remedies for third parties,
scope of, 278
unilateral termination of, 286
contradiction, principle of,
corporate liability, for fault, 241
corps of financial judges, 88
corps of judges of the tribunaux administratifs,
corps of prefects, membership of, 33
corps of the Conseil d’Etat,
costs, court,
Cour d’appel of Paris, 141
Cour de discipline budgétaire et financière (CDBF), 81
Cour des comptes,
Cours administratives d’appel, ,
court costs (les dépens),
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), 6, 13, 86, 137, 153, 296, 305
and principles of decisions taken, 228
article 260 TFEU, 173
French administrative law and, 232
general principles and, 211
legitimate expectations, 228
Court of Requests, 90
court office (le greffe), 67
court processes, article R213-5 CJA, 101
courts, 138
administrative, 65
Cours administratives d’appel,
general, 65
reference by, 151
tribunaux administratifs,
Covid-19 pandemic, 37, 75, 115, 173, 177, 288, 302
church services and, 206
complaints received by the Défenseur during, 42
emergency legislation, 181
interim measures and, 104
Prime Minister’s decree and, 170
principle of proportionality and,
the prefect and, 34
Craig, Paul, 287
criminal offences (crimes and délits), 205
criminal proceedings,
and state liability, 233
cristallisation du contentieux principle, 179
cross-border disputes, 103
customs and local traditions, interference with, 196
Czabaj, M., 168
d’Aguesseau (Chancellor), 92
d’Estaing, Giscard, 3
damages, measures of,
damnum emergens, 286
data protection, and transparency,
decisions
administrative, 169
conflict of, 40
correcting, 174
emergency interim, 71
individual, 158
kinds to be challenged,
legality of, 179
principles governing, 228
prior,
regulatory (actes réglementaires), 158
declaratory judgments,
deconfinement measures, 106
decree of 1960, 151
defective products, liability and supply of, 262
defence secrecy, documents protected by, 93
deliberation, the,
demandes d’éclaircissement
article 931–1 CJA, 77
dénaturation (gross distortion), 284
Département de la Sarthe, 36
Dintilhac categories, 267
direct and certain consequence, 265
disabled people, constitutional right of, 220
disciplinary penalties, 196
discrimination, 228
documents, sharing of, 92
Donoughmore Committee, 2
draft legislation, Conseil d’Etat and,
driving licences, granting, 181
droit politique, 301
École des Ponts-et-Chaussées, 58
Ecole Normale Supérieure, 86
Ecole Polytechnique, 86
Education Code, 276
effective redress, right to, 91
Eisenmann, C., dispute with Vedel,
electronic communication, 225
emergency interim decisions, 71
emerging principles modern,
emprise, doctrine of, 143
enforcement,
English Privy Council, 70
Equal Opportunities Commission, 42
Errera, R., 236
error of fact,
error of law (erreur de droit),
essential procedural requirement (vice de procédure et vice de forme),
essential procedural requirement, breach of,
ethical principles, 218
EU General Data Protection Regulation (2016), 106
Eurodisney at Marne-la-Vallée, 102
European Charter of Fundamental Rights, 220
European Community law, 229
European Convention on Human Rights, 3, , 91, 118, 127, , 220, 232, 261, 269, 303
appeals to, 60
article 13 of, 169
danger of, 89
domestic law, influence on, , 56
fair trial, rights to, 14
freedom of individuals and, 106
French administrative law and, 306
French Constitution and, 203
participation of France in, 3
Protocol 16 of, 120
right to redress and, 91
wearing of religious signs and, 206
European Court of Human Rights, 18, 86, 89, 109, 153, 206, 209, 232
and actes de gouvernement, 164
and the rapporteur public, 115
complaints about length of proceedings, 95
impartiality principle and, 76
interference and, 20
Vice President Genevois and decision of, 19
European Directives, on public contracts, 295
European Economic Community
France entry to, 10
European law, environment of,
European principles, and decisions taken, 228
European Social Charter of the Council of Europe, 207
European supranational law, 232
European Union
breaches of law of, 261
competition law and courts of, 198
Court of Justice, 86
development of Charter of Fundamental Rights, 232
France membership in, 303
French administrative law and, 179
membership in, 6
participation of France in, 3
treations on, 47
European Union law, , 119, 137, 207, 228, 279, 296,
acte clair doctrine in, 137
effect on administrative law, 304
influence of,
unlawfulness and, 249
WTO rules and, 295
ex gratia payments, 234
exceptional risks, liability for,
Executive, the central organ of the State,
expert report (l’expertise),
expropriation, 194
fair trial, the right to,
fault, 236
and unlawfulness,
by inaction,
failure to provide a public service, 251
in regulation,
nature of,
no-fault liability, 252
ordinary, 263
types of,
faute simple, , 263
financial courts,
financial judges, corps of, 88
flagrant illegality (voie de fait), 129
force majeure administrative, 288
France, social change in,
Franks inquiry, control of ministers’ powers, 2
fraud, 281
freedom of movement, interference with, 105
freedom, scope of fundamental, 220
French academics, and the droit administratif, 3
French administrative justice system, background to,
French administrative law, 176, 271, 299, 306
change and, 3
development of, 231
European influences on, 232
influence of the European Union on, 304
legal certainty and,
public contracts and, 293
public law contract and, 270
remedies and, 169
state liability and, 234
Frier, L., 246
frustration, 287
General Code on the Property of Public Persons, 140
general courts,
General Tax Code, 11
Geneva Convention on Refugees (1951), 211
German Civil Code §839, 241
German occupation, 288
globalisation, 306
good administration, principles of,
good faith, principle of (bonne foi), 294
gouvernement, actes de,
Government website (Légifrance), 74
grey literature (la literature grise)
soft law and, 161
guidelines, case of, 160
harm, categories,
Haute Autorité de la Concurrence, 114
HCERES, 39
hearing, the,
right to a, 225
Hédon, Claire, 42
Heilbronner, 212
Henry IV, 61
homologation, 103
Hood, Christopher, 21
House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, 80
Housing Code, 167
human rights, proportionality and, 198
illegality (violation de la loi), 185
inaction, liability for, 258
Incorporated Council of Law Reporting, 55
Independent Office for Police Conduct, 42
individual decisions (actes individuels), 158
information, handling of,
injunctions (injonction),
inquisitorial character, principle of, 90,
institution of the Ombudsman, 41
intérêt public (public interest), 270
interim decisions process (le référé), 98
interim measures (Le référé),
international contracts, 283
International Labour Organisation, 195
international treaties, and general principles of (domestic) law, 211
intuitu personae principle, 296
investigation (L’instruction),
judges, impartiality and independence of, 97
judgments, public access to, 94
judicial review
exclusion of,
grounds of, 179
inappropriateness of,
purpose of,
sliding scale for,
values enforced through, 203
juge de cassation, 284
juge du référé-libertés, 107
justice déléguée, 124
justice, denial of, 152
Labetoulle, Daniel, 102
Laski, H., 2
Lasserre, Bruno, 86
law/laws
breach of, 179
Law of 22 Frimaire An VIII (1799), 70
Law (1872), 46
Law (1957), 141
Law (1979), 23
Law (1995), 124
Law (2000), 24
Law (2016), 94
Law (2019), 94
lawfulness, 283
legal certainty, legitimate expectations of,
legal representation, obligatory,
legal scholarship (la doctrine),
Légifrance (Government website), 74
legislative acts, liability of the state and, 259
legislative exceptions, 138
Leonetti, Jean, 109
liability
controls on,
exceptional risks and,
for public works,
state,
theories of,
Liberation (1944–1946), 210
litigation, categories of,
local administration and centralised power, 306
local authorities, elected,
Local Government Ombudsman, 42
local languages, the French and, 35
loss of profits, 292
losses, recompense for, 266
lucrum cessans, 286
Luxembourg Conseil d’Eta, 16
Maastricht Treaty, 12
MacMahon, 27
Marrakech agreements, 294
material error of fact, 201
Mayer, Otto, 231
mediation, Directive 2008/52/EC on, 103
Mediator, case of, 262
mental capacity, lacking, 255
Métropole of Marseille, 282
Minitel, 22
minor criminal offences (contraventions), 205
mistake (erreur),
Mitchell, J. D. B., 2
mobile telephony data, access to, 306
modern French administrative law, 236
money penalty, 124
Moulin, Jean, 33
moyen d’ordre public, 179
Muslim headscarf, exclusion of students with, 163
Napoleon III (emperor), 164
National Assembly, dissolution of, 165
National Audit Office, 80
National Conference of Local Administration, 31
National Health Service, 42
negative conflict, 151
New Public Management, 22
no-fault compensation, other,
non-existence (inexistence),
note en délibéré, 121
Notre-Dame-des-Landes, airport at, 226
nuclear accidents, 141
objet illicite (unlawful subject-matter), 283
obligatory legal representation,
ONIAM (Office national d’indemnisation des accidents médicaux), 262
openness, principle of,
oral hearings, use of, 96
ordinary fault (faute simple), 263
ordinary judicial authorities
separation from administrative courts,
Ordre des médecins, 83
Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 22
pantouflage, 46
Parliamentary and Health Ombudsman (UK), 42
path dependence,
Pays de la Loire, 36
pension contributions (Gardedieu), 263
Petit, J., 246
pharmaceutical companies, 214
Planning Code, 155
pleine juridiction proceedings, 175
point of law (en cassation), 70
political refugee, general principle and, 211
Poniatowski, 41
Pope, 106
Port, F. J., 2
positive conflicts,
Posts and Telecommunications, 86
prefect, the, 33
préfet de police de Paris, 150
préjudice moral, 264
preliminary references,
pretium doloris, 264
principle of contradiction, the (le principe du contradictoire), 90,
principles, and decisions taken, 228
prior decision, need for,
private bodies, 145
private contractors, exceptions to binding force and,
private law relations, 1
private property, protection of,
privilège d’action d’office, 291
privilège du préalable, 166
Privy Council, British, 70
Privy Council, French King’s, 69
property, ownership of, 139
proportionality,
principle of, 228
Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales law, 139
public action, transparency and, 224
Public and the Administration (Code des relations entre le public et l’administration (CRPA)), 221
public authorities, 94
exceptions to binding forces of contracts,
liability and, 236
making claims against, 90
real estate owned by, 276
state liability and, 233
termination of contract and, 286
public bodies
decision-making powers of, 40
public bodies, liability of,
public burdens, equality before, , 263
public contractor, 292
public law
distinction between private law and,
identifying matters,
separation between and private law, 300
public law contracts (‘contrats adminitratifs’), , 281, 298
legislator and,
remedies for,
remedies for third parties to,
specific rules and,
public law matters, 147
public office, equal access to,
public officials
conduct of,
public persons,
Public Procurement Code, 296
public procurement contracts, 266, 271, 276, 278, 287, 294, 295, 296
annulment of, 114
collusion and, 280
EU Directives and, 295
favouritism and, 292
litigations and, 277
performance and, 283
public works and, 275
public property, occupation of, 290
public requests, handling of,
public service mission,
public services
administrative regulation, 147
assistance to,
continuity of the,
equality before,
failure to provide, 251
internal measures,
neutrality of, 215
neutrality of the,
public works, liability for,
public, legitimate expectations of the, 222
quangos (Executive Non-Departmental Public Bodies (ENDPBs)), 38
question préjudicielle de constitutionnalité (QPC), 204
rail track company (RFF), 38
reasons, duty to give,
Rechtsstaat, 178
recompense for all losses (réparation intégrale), 266
recours (request), 90
recours administratif préalable obligatoire (RAPO), 99
redress, right to, 91
refugee status, claims for, 78
Region of Pays de la Loire, 31
regulation, 144, 206
AAIs and, 39
EEC, 10
fault in,
General Tax Code and, , 50
prefect and implementation of, 34
public, 246
regulatory decisions (actes réglementaires), 158
regulatory offences, 205
religion, freedom of (liberté du culte),
religious beliefs, 209
remedies, 169
for fraud, 281
for public law contracts,
nullity and, 169
parties to public law contracts,
third parties to public law contracts and,
renvoi, 306
request (la requête), 90
request for information,
réserves d’interprétation, 302
responsibility (a duty to take charge), 233
Restoration (1814–30), 55
review court (juge de cassation), 264
Revolution (1789), 60, 61, 129, 210, 211, 237, 300, 306
before the Conseil du Roi, 275
départements and, 32
equal access to public office, 212
equality in taxation and, 213
equality of public burdens and, 5
state officials and, 30
theories of liability and, 235
Richelieu, 61
riot damage, statutory liability, 258
Robson, W. A., on Dicey’s approach, 2
Romieu, 58
rule of law, British, 1
Saint Marc, Renaud Denoix de, 86
Sauvé, Jean-Marc, 86
Schengen database, 93
Schwartz, Bernard, 55
Section du rapport et des études, 76
secularism (laïcité), 215
serious criminal offences (crimes and délits), 205
Service de diffusion des conclusions, 116
Single Market, 12
site visit (la visite des lieux), 113
social change, France and, 299,
social et environnemental (CESE), 73
sovereign acts, decisions and, 165
Sporting Code, 146
St. Germain-en-Laye, edict of, 129
Stuart kings, 61
tax authorities, 101
Tax Code, 223
taxation, equality in,
taxpayers, requests for review of, 99
theory of appearances, 17
theory of the balance sheet (le bilan coût-avantages),
third parties, remedies and public law contracts,
time limits,
and appeals, 227
tort action, in England, 233
Toubon, Jacques, 41
transparency, data protection and,
transparency principle, 278
travaux préparatoires, 275
tribunal administratif, 11, 19, 34, 69, 97, 98, 101, 110, 112, , 120, 132, 145, 180, 184, 215, 249
homologation and, 103
local taxpayers and, 158
of Bastia, 124
of Clermont-Ferrand, 221
of Montpellier, 67
of Paris, 248
of Polynesia, 125
of Versailles, 95
preliminary question and, 118
Tribunal des Conflits, 119, , 133, , 137, 140, 141, 144, 150, 151, 152, 241, 247, 277, 278
concessionaries and, 276
unlawful administrative actions and, 143
Troïka, 122
troubles dans l’existence de la vie (disturbance in a way of life), 264
UNESCO treaty, 259
unforeseen situations (sujétions imprévues), 289
unilateral termination, 286
United States, Administrative Law Procedure Act (1945), 2
unreasonable obstinacy, 109
Vichy Law (1943), 168
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