Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T15:20:09.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Patterns of recurrence following therapy for rectal cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2010

Naureen Starling
Affiliation:
Specialist Registrar, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK
Gina Brown
Affiliation:
Consultant Radiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Royal Marsden Hospital Downs Road Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT
Gina Brown
Affiliation:
Royal Marsden Hospital
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Colorectal Cancer , pp. 233 - 247
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Heald, R. J., Husband, E. M., and Ryall, R. D.The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery – the clue to pelvic recurrence?Br J Surg, 69:10 (1982), 613–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quirke, P. and Dixon, M. F.The prediction of local recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination. Int J Colorectal Dis, 3:2 (1988), 127–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heald, R. J. and Ryall, R. D.Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet, 1:8496 (1986), 1479–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nesbakken, A., Nygaard, K., Westerheim, O., Mala, T., and Lunde, O. C.Local recurrence after mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol, 28:2 (2002), 126–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Havenga, K., Enker, W. E., Norstein, J., et al. Improved survival and local control after total mesorectal excision or D3 lymphadenectomy in the treatment of primary rectal cancer: an international analysis of 1411 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol, 25:4 (1999), 368–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. Swedish rectal cancer trial. N Engl J Med, 336:14 (1997), 980–7.CrossRef
Folkesson, J., Birgisson, H., Pahlman, L., et al. Swedish rectal cancer trial: long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate. J Clin Oncol, 23:24 (2005), 5644–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacFarlane, J. K., Ryall, R. D., and Heald, R. J.Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet, 341:8843 (1993), 457–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enker, W. E., Thaler, H. T., Cranor, M. L., and Polyak, T.Total mesorectal excision in the operative treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. J Am Coll Surg, 181:4 (1995), 335–46.Google ScholarPubMed
Aitken, R. J.Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg, 83:2 (1996), 214–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heald, R. J., Moran, B. J., Ryall, R. D., Sexton, R., and MacFarlane, J. K.Rectal cancer: the Basingstoke experience of total mesorectal excision, 1978–1997. Arch Surg, 133:8 (1998), 894–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbman, G., Nilsson, E., Hallbook, O., and Sjodahl, R.Local recurrence following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg, 83:3 (1996), 375–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapiteijn, E., Marijnen, C. A., Nagtegaal, I. D., et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 345:9 (2001), 638–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houbiers, J. G., Brand, A., Watering, L. M., et al. Randomised controlled trial comparing transfusion of leucocyte-depleted or buffy-coat-depleted blood in surgery for colorectal cancer. Lancet, 344:8922 (1994), 573–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapiteijn, E., Putter, H., and Velde, C. J.Impact of the introduction and training of total mesorectal excision on recurrence and survival in rectal cancer in the Netherlands. Br J Surg, 89:9 (2002), 1142–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marijnen, C., Peeters, K., Putter, H., et al. Long term results, toxicity and quality of life in the TME trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23: 16 Suppl. (2005).Google Scholar
Gunderson, L. L., Sargent, D. J., Tepper, J. E., et al. Impact of T and N stage and treatment on survival and relapse in adjuvant rectal cancer: a pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol, 22:10 (2004), 1785–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagtegaal, I. D., Marijnen, C. A., Kranenbarg, E. K., van de Velde, C. J., and van Krieken, J. H.Circumferential margin involvement is still an important predictor of local recurrence in rectal carcinoma: not one millimeter but two millimeters is the limit. Am J Surg Pathol, 26:3 (2002), 350–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wibe, A., Rendedal, P. R., Svensson, E., et al. Prognostic significance of the circumferential resection margin following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg, 89:3 (2002), 327–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marr, R., Birbeck, K., Garvican, J., et al. The modern abdominoperineal excision: the next challenge after total mesorectal excision. Ann Surg, 242:1 (2005), 74–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tominaga, T., Sakabe, T., Koyama, Y., et al. Prognostic factors for patients with colon or rectal carcinoma treated with resection only. Five-year follow-up report. Cancer, 78:3 (1996), 403–8.3.0.CO;2-K>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlsson, U., Lasson, A., and Ekelund, G.Recurrence rates after curative surgery for rectal carcinoma, with special reference to their accuracy. Dis Colon Rectum, 30:6 (1987), 431–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, A. R., Kagan, A. R., Chan, P. M., et al. Patterns of recurrence following curative resection alone for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Cancer, 48:6 (1981), 1492–5.3.0.CO;2-K>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendenhall, W. M., Million, R. R., and Pfaff, W. W.Patterns of recurrence in adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid treated with surgery alone: implications in treatment planning with adjuvant radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 9:7 (1983), 977–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cass, A. W., Million, R. R., and Pfaff, W. W.Patterns of recurrence following surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Cancer, 37:6 (1976), 2861–5.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pilipshen, S. J., Heilweil, M., Quan, S. H., Sternberg, S. S., and Enker, W. E.Patterns of pelvic recurrence following definitive resections of rectal cancer. Cancer, 53:6 (1984), 1354–62.3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hruby, G., Barton, M., Miles, S., et al. Sites of local recurrence after surgery, with or without chemotherapy, for rectal cancer: implications for radiotherapy field design. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 55:1 (2003), 138–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chau, I., Norman, A. R., Cunningham, D., et al. A randomised comparison between 6 months of bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin and 12 weeks of protracted venous infusion fluorouracil as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol, 16:4 (2005), 549–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Starling, N., Brown, G., Tait, D., Norman, A., and Cunningham, D.Patterns of pelvic recurrence in patients with rectal cancers treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in a multicentre randomised study. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23:16 suppl. (2005).Google Scholar
Larsen, S. G., Wiig, J. N., and Giercksky, K. E.Hydronephrosis as a prognostic factor in pelvic recurrence from rectal and colon carcinomas. Am J Surg, 190:1 (2005), 55–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, C., Rodriguez-Bigas, M. A., and Petrelli, N.Is there a role for curative surgery for pelvic recurrence from rectal carcinoma in the presence of hydronephrosis?Am J Surg, 182:3 (2001), 274–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulm, A. H. and Klein, E.Management of ureteral obstruction produced by recurrent cancer of the rectosigmoid colon. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 110 (1960), 413–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Prolongation of the disease-free interval in surgically treated rectal carcinoma. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. N Engl J Med, 312:23 (1985), 1465–72.CrossRef
Krook, J. E., Moertel, C. G., Gunderson, L. L., et al. Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med, 324:11 (1991), 709–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, H. O. Jr., Moertel, C. G., Mayer, R. J., et al. Survival after postoperative combination treatment of rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 315:20 (1986), 1294–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Gray, R. G., Barnwell, J., Hills, R., et al. QUASAR: a randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) vs observation including 3238 colorectal cancer patients. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22:14 suppl. (2004).Google Scholar
Fisher, B., Wolmark, N., Rockette, H., et al. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for rectal cancer: results from NSABP protocol R-01. J Natl Cancer Inst, 80:1 (1988), 21–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a systematic overview of 8507 patients from 22 randomised trials. Lancet, 358:9290 (2001), 1291–304.CrossRef
Cedermark, B., Johansson, H., Rutqvist, L. E., and Wilking, N.The Stockholm I trial of preoperative short term radiotherapy in operable rectal carcinoma. A prospective randomized trial. Stockholm colorectal cancer study group. Cancer, 75:9 (1995), 2269–75.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martling, A., Holm, T., Johansson, H., Rutqvist, L. E., and Cedermark, B.The Stockholm II trial on preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma: long-term follow-up of a population-based study. Cancer, 92:4 (2001), 896–902.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camma, C., Giunta, M., Fiorica, F., et al. Preoperative radiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. JAMA, 284:8 (2000), 1008–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauer, R., Becker, H., Hohenberger, W., et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 351:17 (2004), 1731–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosset, J. F., Calais, G., Mineur, L., et al. Enhanced tumorocidal effect of chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: preliminary results – EORTC 22921. J Clin Oncol, 23:24 (2005), 5620–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosset, J. F., Calais, G., Mineur, L., et al. Preoperative radiation (Preop RT) in rectal cancer: effect and timing of additional chemotherapy (CT) 5-year results of the EORTC 22921 trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23:16 suppl. (2005).Google Scholar
Gerard, J., Bonnetain, F., Conroy, T., et al. Preoperative (preop) radiotherapy (RT) + 5 FU/folinic acid (FA) in T3–4 rectal cancers: results of the FFCD 9203 randomized trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23:16 suppl. (2005).Google Scholar
Phillips, R. K., Hittinger, R., Blesovsky, L., Fry, J. S., and Fielding, L. P.Local recurrence following ‘curative’ surgery for large bowel cancer: I. The overall picture. Br J Surg, 71:1 (1984), 12–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, E., Heald, R. J., Cecil, T. D., et al. Almost all five year disease free survivors are cured following rectal cancer surgery, but longer term follow-up detects some late local and systemic recurrences. Colorectal Dis, 7:4 (2005), 403–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tepper, J. E., O'Connell, M., Hollis, D., et al. Analysis of surgical salvage after failure of primary therapy in rectal cancer: results from intergroup study 0114. J Clin Oncol, 21:19 (2003), 3623–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desch, C. E., Benson, A. B. III, Somerfield, M. R., et al. Colorectal cancer surveillance: 2005 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol, 23:33 (2005), 8512–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Figueredo, A., Rumble, R. B., Maroun, J., et al. Follow-up of patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer: a practice guideline. BMC Cancer, 3: (2003), 26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renehan, A. G., Egger, M., Saunders, M. P., and O'Dwyer, S. T.Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ, 324:7341 (2002), 813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeffery, G. M., Hickey, B. E., and Hider, P.Follow-up strategies for patients treated for non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1 (2002), CD002200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pietra, N., Sarli, L., Costi, R., et al. Role of follow-up in management of local recurrences of colorectal cancer: a prospective, randomized study. Dis Colon Rectum, 41:9 (1998), 1127–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chau, I., Allen, M. J., Cunningham, D., et al. The value of routine serum carcino-embryonic antigen measurement and computed tomography in the surveillance of patients after adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 22:8 (2004), 1420–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saini, A., Norman, A. R., Cunningham, D., et al. Twelve weeks of protracted venous infusion of fluorouracil (5-FU) is as effective as 6 months of bolus 5-FU and folinic acid as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer, 88:12 (2003), 1859–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tepper, J. E., O'Connell, M. J., Petroni, G. R., et al. Adjuvant postoperative fluorouracil-modulated chemotherapy combined with pelvic radiation therapy for rectal cancer: initial results of intergroup 0114. J Clin Oncol, 15:5 (1997), 2030–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tepper, J. E., O'Connell, M., Niedzwiecki, D., et al. Adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: analysis of stage, sex, and local control – final report of intergroup 0114. J Clin Oncol, 20:7 (2002), 1744–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tveit, K. M. and Kataja, V. V.ESMO minimum clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of rectal cancer. Ann Oncol, 1: suppl. 16 (2005), i20–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×