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10 - Low-grade gliomas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2009

By
Martin J. B. Taphoorn  and
Charles G. Niël
Edited by
Christina A. Meyers  and
James R. Perry
Christina A. Meyers
Affiliation:
University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
James R. Perry
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
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Summary

Introduction

Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are diffusely infiltrating primary tumors of the cerebral hemispheres, and originate from glial tissue (Kleihues & Cavanee, 2000). Patients with these tumors, like any patient with a brain disease, may experience cognitive complaints and have cognitive deficits on examination. In LGG patients, who usually have a paucity of neurological deficits, these cognitive complaints and deficits may be particularly prominent, in contrast to patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG). In HGG patients, the rapidly growing tumor typically gives rise to hemiparesis or increased intracranial pressure, which may overshadow more subtle cognitive deficits (Ashby & Shapiro, 2004; Rees, 2002). Moreover, LGG patients have a relatively good prognosis with median survival rates ranging from 5 to more than 15 years. Long-term-surviving LGG patients run the risk of late toxicity of treatment. Tumor and treatment effects may impair cognitive functioning in these patients during the course of their disease and have a deleterious impact on the quality of life of the patient and their family.

Epidemiology and biology, pathology and genetics, clinical and imaging features, prognostic factors in LGG

Epidemiology and biology

The percentage of low-grade tumors amongst gliomas, the most common primary brain tumor, ranges between 15% and 20% (Kleihues & Cavanee, 2000). The incidence of gliomas in adults is 5 to 7 per 100 000 (Bondy & Wrensch, 1996). This figure has remained stable for many years, unlike that of other brain tumors such as primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, which is increasing in incidence.

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Cognition and Cancer , pp. 142 - 155
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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