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Chapter 4 - A Moving Target

How Risk for Mental Disorder Can Be Modelled in Dynamic Rather than Static Terms

from Section 1 - Conceptual and Strategic Issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2019

By
Barnaby Nelson ,
Patrick D. McGorry  and
Jessica A. Hartmann
Edited by
Patrick D. McGorry  and
Ian B. Hickie
Patrick D. McGorry
Affiliation:
University of Melbourne
Ian B. Hickie
Affiliation:
University of Sydney
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Summary

Recently, there has been increased focus on sub-threshold stages of mental disorders, with attempts to model and predict progression to full-threshold disorder. Given this considerable research attention and clinical significance, it is timely to analyse the assumptions of theoretical models in the field. Research into predicting onset of mental disorder has shown an overreliance on one-off sampling of cross-sectional data (i.e., a "snapshot" of clinical state and other risk markers) and may benefit from taking dynamic changes into account. Cross-disciplinary approaches to complex system structures and changes, such as dynamical systems theory, network theory, instability mechanisms, chaos theory and catastrophe theory, offer potent models that can be applied to emergence (or decline) of psychopathology, including psychosis prediction and transdiagnostic symptom emergence. Staging provides a useful framework to research dynamic prediction in psychiatry. Psychiatric research may benefit from approaching psychopathology as a system rather than a category, identifying dynamics of system change (e.g., abrupt/gradual psychosis onset), factors to which these systems are most sensitive (e.g., interpersonal dynamics, neurochemical change), and individual variability in system architecture and change. The next generation of prediction studies may more accurately model the highly dynamic nature of psychopathology and system change, with treatment implications, such as introducing a means of identifying critical risk periods for mental state deterioration.

Keywords

clinical stagingtransidagnositicmental disorderstheoretical modeldynamic systems theorynetwork theoryinstability mechanismschaos theorycatastrophe theoryecological momentary assessment
Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical Staging in Psychiatry
Making Diagnosis Work for Research and Treatment
 , pp. 67 - 80
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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