Abbreviations
- ABS
Antibiotic stewardship
- AGP
Antimicrobial growth promoters
- AMR
Antimicrobial resistance
- AMS
Antimicrobial stewardship
- AMU
Antimicrobial use
- ARB
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- ARC
Antibiotic Resistance Coalition
- ASP
Antibiotic stewardship programme
- BARDA
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
- BSI
Bloodstream infection
- CARB
X Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator
- CCCAS
Clinician Champions in Comprehensive Antibiotic Stewardship
- CDC
Centers for Disease Control
- CEWG
Consultative Expert Working Group
- CRE
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
- CRP
C-reactive Protein
- CSE
Centre for Science and Environment
- CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
- DALY
Disbility-adjusted life-year
- DDD
Defined Daily Dose
- DG
-RTD Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
- DP
Delayed prescribing
- DRG
Diagnosis-related group
- EARSS
European Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance System
- EARS
-NET European Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Network
- EC
Environmental cleaning
- ECDC
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- EDCTP
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trial Partnership
- EEA
European Economic Area
- EFPIA
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
- EFSA
European Food Safety Authority
- EIB
European Investment Bank
- EMA
European Medicines Agency
- EPOC
Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
- ESBL
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase
- ETEC
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
- EU
European Union
- FAO
Food and Agricultural Organization
- FDA
Food and Drug Administration
- G3REC
Third-generation cephalosporin
- GAMRIF
Global Antimicrobial Resistance Innovation Fund
- GARDP
Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership
- GBS
Group B Streptococcus
- GDP
Gross Domestic Product
- GLASS
Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
- GP
General practitioner
- GRACE INTRO
Genomics to combat Resistance against Antibiotics for Community-acquired LRTI in Europe/INternet Training for Reducing antibiOtic use
- HAI
Health care-associated infection/hospital-acquired infection
- HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
- HTA
Health technology assessment
- ICU
Intensive-care units
- ID
Infectious diseases
- IMI
Innovative Medicine’s Initiative
- IPC
Infection prevention and control
- JPIAMR
Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance
- KISS
Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System
- LMIC
Low- and middle-income country
- LOS
Length of stay
- LPAD
Limited Population Antibacterial Drug
- mAb
Monoclonal antibody
- MER
Market entry rewards
- MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- MSF
Médecins sans Frontières
- NHS
National Health Service
- NIAID
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- NIH
National Institutes for Health
- NIHR
National Institute for Health Research
- NRDC
Natural Resources Defense Council
- OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- OIE
World Organisation for Animal Health
- PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
- PDP
Product development partnerships
- PIRG
Public Interest Research Group
- PMDA
Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency
- POC
Point of care
- POCT
Point-of-care tests
- PPL
Priority Pathogens List
- PPS
Point prevalence surveys
- PRV
Priority review vouchers
- QALY
Quality-adjusted life-years
- QIDP
Qualified Infectious Diseases Products
- R&D
Research and development
- RCDC
Research, condition, and disease categories
- RCT
Randomized controlled trial
- RSV
Respiratory syncytial virus
- RTI
Respiratory tract infections
- SDM
Shared decision-making
- SME
Small and medium enterprises
- STEC
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
- SWAB
Working Party on Antibiotic Policy
- TATFAR
Transatlantic Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance
- TIPR
Transferable intellectual property rights
- TPP
Target Product Profile
- UNICEF
United Nations Children’s Fund
- UI
uncertainty interval
- UPEC
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
- USDA
US Department of Agriculture
- UTI
Urinary tract infections
- VRE
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
- VTEC
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli
- WHO
World Health Organization
- WTO
World Trade Organization
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