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14 - Macedonia/North Macedonia since 1989

from Part Four - Yugoslav Successor States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2019

Sabrina P. Ramet
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
Christine M. Hassenstab
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
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Summary

Independent Macedonia’s political development has been shaped both by the international environment, such as its involvement with the European Union (EU), and by internal crises, such as the 2001 Albanian insurgency and the 2014 “wiretapping scandal”. Integrating the Albanian minority remains a fundamental challenge, as does, recently, ratifying and implementing the “Prespa Agreement” ending the prolonged “name dispute” with Greece. Although the Agreement opens the promise of Macedonia’s membership in the EU and NATO, some Macedonians consider “North Macedonia” to derogate the country’s national identity. Since the 2001 Ohrid Accord, Macedonian democratic evolution has been reflected in institutional development, including the party and electoral systems, and specific policies concerning human rights and the media. The erosion of media freedoms and abuses of political power were revealed following the incumbency of VMRO-DPMNE Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (2006–2016), a rule that resonated with the trends of “illiberal democracy” elsewhere in the region. The current government of Zoran Zaev has begun restoring certain democratic norms, such as the activity of civil society organizations, and the confidence of international institutions, but persistent problems of corruption and ethnic polarization remain.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

Further Reading

Brown, Keith. Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of a Nation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Cowan, Jane. Macedonia: The politics of identity and difference (London: Pluto Press 2000).Google Scholar
Danforth, Loring. The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic nationalism in a transnational world (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Pettifer, James (ed.). The New Macedonian Question (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Poulton, Hugh. Who Are the Macedonians?, 2nd edn. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Ramet, Sabrina P. The Three Yugoslavias: State building and legitimation 1918–2005 (Washington, DC and Bloomington, IN: Wilson Center Press and Indiana University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Ramet, Sabrina P., Listhaug, Ola, and Simkus, Albert (eds.). Civic and Uncivic Values in Macedonia: Value transformation, education, and media (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).Google Scholar
Rossos, Andrew. Macedonia and the Macedonians: A history (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Williams, Abiodun. The United Nations and Macedonia (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000).Google Scholar

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