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Chapter 82 - Systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen vascular diseases

from Section 3 - Symptomatic epilepsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

By
Rolando Cimaz  and
Andrea Taddio
Edited by
Simon D. Shorvon ,
Frederick Andermann  and
Renzo Guerrini
Simon D. Shorvon
Affiliation:
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
Frederick Andermann
Affiliation:
Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute
Renzo Guerrini
Affiliation:
Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence
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Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common collagen vascular disease associated with epilepsy. Various autoantibodies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric SLE. Neuropsychiatric involvement is one of the most common clinical features of SLE, with a variable incidence reported between 15% and 75% in adults and between 20% and 85% in children. In SLE, the risk of disease is influenced by complex genetic and environmental contributions: for example, alleles including HLA-DRB1, IRF5, and STAT4 are established susceptibility genes. The diagnosis of SLE is generally a clinical one, supported by laboratory tests. With regard to neurologic involvement, radiologic techniques may be extremely helpful. In the first pediatric SLE (pSLE) study all five children who received either azathioprine or cyclophosphamide in addition to prednisone had a good recovery, while two out of 11 patients treated with prednisone alone died and three other patients had residual neurological defects.

Keywords

cross-sectional imagingCTEEGMRIseizure controlfractionated focal radiotherapygliomatemozolomide
Type
Chapter
Information
The Causes of Epilepsy
Common and Uncommon Causes in Adults and Children
 , pp. 579 - 584
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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