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3.17 - Early Palaeolithic Europe

from VIII. - Europe and the Mediterranean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2014

By
Olaf Jöris
Edited by
Colin Renfrew  and
Paul Bahn
Olaf Jöris
Affiliation:
Forschungbereich Altsteinzeit des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied
Colin Renfrew
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Life in Early Palaeolithic Europe was significantly different from that in the Upper Palaeolithic after the first Anatomically Modern Humans had entered the continent. For almost two million years the continent had been occupied by hominins different from us. These ancestral populations adapted to, and learned to cope with, entirely different climatic and environmental conditions within Europe’s constantly changing geography. The hominins established culture and a way of life, both of which changed through time, increasing their own influence on the environment. They were highly knowledgeable and became skilled and experienced hunters, well equipped for life in Ice Age Europe (Fig. 3.17.1). However, they also remained entirely different from Modern Humans.

Initial African Exodus

Early hominin presence in Europe can be traced back for almost 2 million years, with the Dmanisi hominin fossils found in the Georgian Transcaucasus, well dated to c. 1.77 million years, at the base of an archaic Eurasian branch. Although the four hominin skulls and the four mandibles found at the site in close association with simple Oldowan (“mode 1”) lithic artifacts display great morphological heterogeneity (Rightmire et al. 2006; Lordkipanidze et al. 2007), the entire fossil assemblage may belong to a single, highly sexually dimorphic species that “preserves several affinities with Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis”, known from African sites in the interval >2.0–1.6 million years, “foretelling the emergence of Homo ergaster” (Tattersall 2007: 1648; cf. Gabounia et al. 2002: 245; Fig. 3.17.1) as well as that of Homo erectus in Eastern Asia (Vekua et al. 2002).

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The Cambridge World Prehistory , pp. 1703 - 1746
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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  • Early Palaeolithic Europe
    • By Olaf Jöris, Forschungbereich Altsteinzeit des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied
  • Edited by Colin Renfrew, University of Cambridge, Paul Bahn
  • Book: The Cambridge World Prehistory
  • Online publication: 05 August 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139017831.103
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  • Early Palaeolithic Europe
    • By Olaf Jöris, Forschungbereich Altsteinzeit des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied
  • Edited by Colin Renfrew, University of Cambridge, Paul Bahn
  • Book: The Cambridge World Prehistory
  • Online publication: 05 August 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139017831.103
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  • Early Palaeolithic Europe
    • By Olaf Jöris, Forschungbereich Altsteinzeit des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied
  • Edited by Colin Renfrew, University of Cambridge, Paul Bahn
  • Book: The Cambridge World Prehistory
  • Online publication: 05 August 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139017831.103
Available formats
×