Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T02:57:49.078Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - Pastoral nomadic migrations and conquests

from Part III - Growing interactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

By
Anatoly M. Khazanov
Edited by
Benjamin Z. Kedar  and
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Benjamin Z. Kedar
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Get access

Summary

This chapter analyzes general causes for pastoral nomadic migrations. It examines three parts of Afro-Eurasia: the Eurasian steppes, semi-deserts and deserts; the Near and Middle East and North Africa; and India. The chapter discusses the economic, sociopolitical, and institutional effects of the nomadic migrations and conquests. In all, the nomads had to adapt not only to a specific natural environment but also to external socio-political, economic, and cultural environments. During the Middle Millennium, there were three major waves of nomadic migration in the Eurasian steppes and adjacent regions. For ecological and historical reasons, in the Islamic heartland nomads and sedentaries were linked to each other than in some other regions like China, India, or East Europe. In particular, language shifts and the spread of Turkic languages from East Siberia to the Middle Volga region and to the Balkans were connected with the migrations, conquests, and/or political dominance of the nomads.
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge World History , pp. 359 - 382
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further reading

Agadzhanow, S. G. Der Staat der Seldschukiden und Mittelasien im 11.–12. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Reinhold Schletzer Verlag, 1994.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Cambridge University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsen, Thomas T. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251–1259. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281. Cambridge University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Barfield, Thomas J. The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1989.Google Scholar
Barthold, V. V. Turkestan v epokhu mongol'skogo nashestviia (Turkestan in the Times of the Mongol Invasion). Moscow: Izdatel'stvo vostochnoi literatury, 1963.Google Scholar
Biran, Michal. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Bosworth, C. E. “The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217),” in Boyle, J. A (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. v. Cambridge University Press, 1968: 1–202.Google Scholar
Brett, M. “The Central Lands of North Africa and Sicily, Until the Beginning of the Almohad Period,” in Fierro, Maribel (ed.), The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. ii. Cambridge University Press, 2010: 48–65.Google Scholar
Cohen, Claude. Pre-Ottoman Turkey. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company, 1968.Google Scholar
Donner, Fred McGraf. The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton University Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Dunlop, D. M. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton University Press, 1954.Google Scholar
Endicott-West, Elizabeth. “Aspects of Khitan Liao and Mongolian Yüan Imperial Rule: A Comparative Perspective,” in Seaman, Gary and Marks, Daniel (eds.), Rulers from the Steppe: State Formation on the Eurasian Periphery. Los Angeles, CA: Ethnographics Press, University of Southern California, 1991: 199–222.Google Scholar
Fisher, H. J. “The Eastern Maghrib and Central Sudan,” in Olivier, Roland (ed.), The Cambridge History of Africa, vol. iii. Cambridge University Press, 1977: 232–330.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. “Imperial Ideology and the Sources of Political Unity amongst the Pre-Chinggisid Nomads in Western Eurasia,” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 2(1982): 37–76.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992.Google Scholar
Golden, Peter B. Khazar Studies: An Historico-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.Google Scholar
Khazanov, Anatoly M. Nomads and the Outside World, 2nd edn. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Khazanov, Anatoly M. “Nomads in the History of the Sedentary World,” in Khazanov, and Wink, (eds.), Nomads in the Sedentary World, 1–23.Google Scholar
Khazanov, Anatoly M. and Wink, André, eds. Nomads in the Sedentary World. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Kliashtornyi, S. G. Drevnetiurkskie runicheskie pamiatniki kak istochnik po istorii Srednei Azii (Ancient Turkic Runic Inscriptions as a Source in Study of the History of Central Asia). Moscow: Nauka, 1964.Google Scholar
Kliashtornyi, S. G. and Savinov, D. G.. Stepnye imperii drevnei Evrazii (The Steppe Empires of Ancient Eurasia). St Petersburg State University, 2005.Google Scholar
Mackerras, Colin. The Uighur Empire According to the T'ang Dynastic Histories: A Study in Sino–Uighur Relations, 744–840. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Peacock, Andrew C. S. Early Seljūk History: A New Interpretation. London: Routledge, 2010.Google Scholar
Poncet, J. “Le mythe de la catastrophe hilalienne” (“The Myth of the Hilalian Catastrophy”), Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations 22 (1967): 1099–120.Google Scholar
Róna-Tas, András. Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Tikhvinsky, S. L. (ed). Tataro-mongoly v Azii i Evrope (The Tataro-Mongols in Asia and Europe), 2nd edn. Moscow: Nauka, 1977.Google Scholar
Wink, André. “India and the Turko-Mongol Frontier,” in Khazanov, and Wink, (eds.), Nomads in the Sedentary World, 211–33.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×