Book contents
- The Cambridge World HistoryVolume I
- The Cambridge World History
- The Cambridge World History
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Table
- Contributors
- Preface
- Book part
- 1 Introduction and overview
- Part I Historiography, method, and themes
- Part II The Paleolithic and the beginnings of human history
- 13 Before the farmers: culture and climate, from the emergence ofHomo sapiensto about ten thousand years ago
- 14 Early humans: tools, language, and culture
- 15 Africa from 48,000 to 9500BCE
- 16 Migration and innovation in Palaeolithic Europe
- 17 Asian Palaeolithic dispersals
- 18 The Pleistocene colonization and occupation of Australasia
- 19 The Pleistocene colonization and occupation of the Americas
- Index
- References
14 - Early humans: tools, language, and culture
from Part II - The Paleolithic and the beginnings of human history
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2015
Edited by
Book contents
- The Cambridge World HistoryVolume I
- The Cambridge World History
- The Cambridge World History
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Table
- Contributors
- Preface
- Book part
- 1 Introduction and overview
- Part I Historiography, method, and themes
- Part II The Paleolithic and the beginnings of human history
- 13 Before the farmers: culture and climate, from the emergence ofHomo sapiensto about ten thousand years ago
- 14 Early humans: tools, language, and culture
- 15 Africa from 48,000 to 9500BCE
- 16 Migration and innovation in Palaeolithic Europe
- 17 Asian Palaeolithic dispersals
- 18 The Pleistocene colonization and occupation of Australasia
- 19 The Pleistocene colonization and occupation of the Americas
- Index
- References
Summary
Notable differences characterized the encounter in Africa. In particular, the archaic populations there were genetically closer related to fully modern humans. The closer relationship between archaic and fully modern humans in Africa had consequences for how their encounters played in the long period from 70,000 to 12,500 BCE. In some areas separate archaic and fully modern human populations appear to have persisted for thousands of years after 48,000 BCE, utilizing different but nearby environments, or making different use of the same environments. In other regions the makers of Middle Stone Age cultures remained the predominant populations down nearly to the end of the last ice age. In some cases late-persisting Middle Stone Age populations may have sought to compete by imitating and adding features of Later Stone Age tool making to their existing toolkits. Possessing syntactic language allowed humans to think about, and to talk with each other about, the surrounding conditions of their lives.
Keywords
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- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge World History , pp. 339 - 361Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015
References
Further reading
Allen, Nicholas J., Callan, Hilary, Dunbar, Robin, and James, Wendy (eds.), Early Human Kinship: From Sex to Social Reproduction, Oxford: Blackwell, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ambrose, Stanley H., “Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and the differentiation of modern humans,” Journal of Human Evolution 34 (1998), 623–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, Alison. and McBrearty, Sally, “The revolution that wasn't: A new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior,” Journal of Human Evolution 39 (2000), 453–563.Google Scholar
Hawkes, Kristen, O'Connell, James F., and Blurton Jones, Nicholas, “Hadza women's time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of post-menopausal lifespans,” Current Anthropology 38 (1997), 551–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, Richard G., “Out of Africa and the evolution of human behavior,” Evolutionary Anthropology 17 (2008), 267–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. David. A Cosmos in Stone: Interpreting Religion and Society through Rock Art, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Philip. and McCarthy, Robert, “Tracking the evolution of language and speech,” Expedition 49 (2007), 15–20.Google Scholar
Mellars, Paul, Boyle, Katie, Bar-Yosef, Ofer, and Stringer, Chris (eds), Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans, Cambridge: McDonald Institute, 2007.Google Scholar
Phillipson, David W., African Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tishkoff, Sarah A., Reed, Floyd A., Friedlaender, Françoise R., Ehret, Christopher, Ranciaro, Alessia, et al., “The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans,” Science 324 (2009), 1035–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willoughby, Pamela R., The Evolution of Modern Humans in Africa: A Comprehensive Guide, Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2007.Google Scholar
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