Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T14:03:34.261Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

6 - Belief, knowledge, and language

from Part I - Historiography, method, and themes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

David Christian
Affiliation:
Macquarie University, Sydney
Get access

Summary

This chapter describes the origins of the modern, Western study of language, belief, and knowledge. "Europe" refers to the continent, itself with fuzzy boundaries, but when appearing in the world history of knowledge "European" usually refers also to the places most colonized by Europeans in the last two centuries, and to those places' peoples and their ideas. The chapter discusses how historians and others have treated four key moments in the history of knowledge and belief, and specifically at what role the Wider World plays in their scholarship. The four inflection points are familiar: hominization, the Axial Age of religious development, the European Scientific Revolution, and recent and continuing secularization. The secularization thesis was formed in a European scholarly milieu, based on ideas about contemporary and past Christianity, and only then expanded to the Wider World. The Wider World reinforces the secularization thesis, begs questions of the Scientific Revolution, and delights in the level playing field of the Axial Age.
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further reading

Asad, Talal, Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Asad, Talal, Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam, Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bala, Arun, The Dialogue of Civilizations in the Birth of Modern Science, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Begun, David R. (ed.), A Companion to Paleoanthropology, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannon, Garland, The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones: Sir William Jones, the Father of Modern Linguistics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Chakrabarty, Dipesh, Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Christian, David, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clossey, Luke, “Asia-centred approaches to the history of the early-modern world”, in Porter, David (ed.), Comparative Early Modernities: 1100–1800, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.Google Scholar
Clossey, Luke, and Guyatt, Nicholas, “It's a small world after all: The Wider World in historians’ peripheral vision”, Perspectives on History 51 (2013), 24–7.Google Scholar
Elshahkry, Marwa, “When science became Western: Historiographical reflections”, Isis 101 (2010), 98109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Fa-ti, British Naturalists in Qing China: Science, Empire, and Cultural Encounter, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, Clive, Timewalkers: The Prehistory of Global Colonization, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Gombrich, Richard, Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grove, Richard H., Green Imperialism: Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600–1860, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Hall, D. L., and Ames, R. T., Thinking Through Confucius, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Hart, Roger, “Beyond science and civilization: A post-Needham critique”, East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 16 (1999), 88114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hountondji, Paulin J., African Philosophy: Myth and Reality, Henri Evans (trans.), London: Hutchinson University Library for Africa, 1983.Google Scholar
Howard, Thomas A., Religion and the Rise of Historicism: W. M. L. de Wette, Jacob Burckhardt, and the Theological Origins of the Nineteenth-Century Historical Consciousness, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Huff, Toby, Intellectual Curiosity and the Scientific Revolution: A Global Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Huff, Toby, The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Isaac, Glynn Lloyd, “Aspects of Human Evolution”, in Bendall, D. S. (ed.), Evolution from Molecules to Men, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, pp. 509–43.Google Scholar
Joseph, George Gheverghese, The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics, 2nd edn., London: Penguin Books, 2000.Google Scholar
Kippenberg, Hans, Discovering Religious History in the Modern Age, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Landau, M., “Human evolution as narrative”, American Scientist 72 (1984), 262–8.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Geoffrey E. R., Adversaries and Authorities: Investigations into Ancient Greek and Chinese Science, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Geoffrey E. R., Ancient Worlds, Modern Reflections: Philosophical Perspectives on Greek and Chinese Science and Culture, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macaulay, David, Motel of the Mysteries, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979.Google Scholar
Masuza, Tomoko, The Invention of World Religions: Or, How European Universalism was Preserved in the Language of Pluralism, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morus, Iwan Rhys, When Physics Became King, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nappi, Carla, The Monkey and the Inkpot: Natural History and its Transformations in Early Modern China, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needham, Joseph, The Grand Titration: Science and Society East and West, London: Allen & Unwin, 1969.Google Scholar
Noble, William, and Davidson, Iain, Human Evolution, Language and Mind: A Psychological and Archaeological Inquiry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Norris, Pipa, and Inglehart, Ronald, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odera Oruka, H. (ed.), Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and the Modern Debate on African Philosophy, Leiden: Brill, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostler, Nicholas, Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World, New York: HarperCollins, 2005.Google Scholar
Raj, Kapil, Relocating Modern Science: Circulation and the Construction of Knowledge in South Asia and Europe, 1650–1900, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.Google Scholar
Roberts, Lissa, “Situating science in global history: Local exchanges and networks of circulation”, Itinerario 33 (2009), 930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safier, Neil, Measuring the New World: Enlightenment Science and South America, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharfstein, Ben-Ami, A Comparative History of World Philosophy: From the Upanishads to Kant, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven, The Scientific Revolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivasundaram, Sujit, Nature and the Godly Empire: Science and Evangelical Mission in the Pacific, 1795–1850, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Sivin, Nathan, “Why the Scientific Revolution did not take place in China – or didn't it?”, in Sivin, Nathan, Science in Ancient China, Aldershot: Variorum, 1995.Google Scholar
Sivin, Nathan, “Sciences and the global: On methods, questions and theory”, Isis 101 (2010), 146–58.Google Scholar
Stoczkowski, Wiktor, Explaining Human Origins: Myth, Imagination, and Conjecture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallerman, Maggie, and Gibson, Kathleen R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Tuck, Andrew P., Comparative Philosophy and the Philosophy of Scholarship: On the Western Interpretation of Nagarjuna, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
van der Veer, Peter, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, Eric R., Europe and the People without History, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×