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5.6 - The Motor System and Movement Disorders

from 5 - Neural Circuits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2023

By
Kirsten Scott  and
Roger Barker
Edited by
Mary-Ellen Lynall ,
Peter B. Jones  and
Stephen M. Stahl
Mary-Ellen Lynall
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Peter B. Jones
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Stephen M. Stahl
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
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Summary

The motor system is responsible for directing and controlling movement and ranges from simple reflex arcs (withdrawal of a limb from a painful stimulus) to highly sophisticated volitional motor acts (playing the piano). Historically, movements have been conceptualised as being either ‘closed-loop’ (directly guided and modified by sensory inputs providing feedback) or ‘open-loop’ (triggered by a decision to move which acts as the input, with no initial feedback). In reality, almost all movements rely on some degree of sensory feedback and there is also a degree of volition in some apparently ‘closed-loop’ movements, making this dichotomy an oversimplification.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Textbook of Neuroscience for Psychiatrists , pp. 177 - 183
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

Further Reading

Albin, RL, Young, AB, Penney, JB. The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci 1989; 12(10): 366–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cotzias, GC, Papavasiliou, PS, Gellene, R. Modification of Parkinsonism: chronic treatment with L-DOPA. N Engl J Med 1969; 280: 337–345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varley, JA, Webb, AJS, Balint, B et al. The Movement disorder associated with NMDAR antibody-encephalitis is complex and characteristic: an expert video-rating study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90: 724–726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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