Ascending Neurotransmitter Systems

doi:10.1017/9781911623137.023

4.6 - Ascending Neurotransmitter Systems

from 4 - Neuroanatomy

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 November 2023

Jeffrey W. Dalley and

Edited by

Peter B. Jones and

Mary-Ellen Lynall: Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Peter B. Jones: Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Stephen M. Stahl: Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego

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Summary

In this section, we describe key functions of neurons in the brain that synthesise and release noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), dopamine (DA), and acetylcholine (ACh). As classic ‘neuromodulators’, these widely researched neurotransmitter systems ascend from posterior and ventral regions of the braillopregna by optimising the performance of brain networks without inhibiting or exciting neurons directly. Traditionally considered in the context of ‘non-specific’ arousal states (i.e. sleep and wakefulness) and the ‘reticular activating system’ (), the ascending neurotransmitter systems contribute to a surprisingly diverse array of behavioural and cognitive functions via specific pathways in the brain. These pathways arise from discrete clusters of neurons in the midbrain and forebrain (Figure 4.6.1). As the loci for clinically effective drugs to treat neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the ascending neurotransmitter systems are a major success story for the ‘receptor revolution’ in neuropsychiatry. For more on the synaptic physiology of these neurotransmitters, see Section 2.4.

Type: Chapter
Information: Cambridge Textbook of Neuroscience for Psychiatrists , pp. 110 - 117

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623137.023 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2023

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