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53 - ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder

from Part III - Specific treatments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2010

By
Paramala J. Santosh ,
Amy Henry  and
Christopher K. Varley
Edited by
Peter Tyrer  and
Kenneth R. Silk
Paramala J. Santosh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London UK
Amy Henry
Affiliation:
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA
Christopher K. Varley
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA
Peter Tyrer
Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
Kenneth R. Silk
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Editor's note

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) are not exactly synonymous. ADHD comes from DSM, and there can be some symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity, while HKD comes from ICD, and inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity must all be present for the diagnosis of HKD to be made. Thus ADHD is a broader diagnostic term, and there is clearer evidence for the effectiveness of medications, especially the stimulants, in HKD than in ADHD. Nonetheless, medications, especially first-line treatment with the psychostimulants, has a great deal of data to support its effectiveness. There are less data supporting the use of other non-stimulant drugs such as atomoxetine and bupropion, and the data are less convincing and have smaller effect sizes than the psychostimulants. While psychosocial treatments, particularly behaviour therapy, have evidence for effectiveness, the evidence is not as strong as for the pharmacologic interventions, and the treatments seem more behaviour specific, less generalizable and quite often lose their effectiveness when the treatments end. While combined psychosocial and psychopharmacologic treatments are effective, it appears that most of the effectiveness comes from the pharmacologic intervention, although patients in combined treatment appear to need lower doses of pharmacologic agents.

Introduction

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) is a common childhood condition affecting children and youth around the world across various cultures (Biederman et al., 1991; Rohde et al., 2001)).

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Cambridge Textbook of Effective Treatments in Psychiatry , pp. 782 - 795
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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  • ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder
    • By Paramala J. Santosh, Department of Psychological Medicine Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London UK, Amy Henry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA, Christopher K. Varley, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA
  • Edited by Peter Tyrer, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Kenneth R. Silk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Book: Cambridge Textbook of Effective Treatments in Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 12 May 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544392.055
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  • ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder
    • By Paramala J. Santosh, Department of Psychological Medicine Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London UK, Amy Henry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA, Christopher K. Varley, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA
  • Edited by Peter Tyrer, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Kenneth R. Silk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Book: Cambridge Textbook of Effective Treatments in Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 12 May 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544392.055
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  • ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder
    • By Paramala J. Santosh, Department of Psychological Medicine Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London UK, Amy Henry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA, Christopher K. Varley, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA USA
  • Edited by Peter Tyrer, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Kenneth R. Silk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Book: Cambridge Textbook of Effective Treatments in Psychiatry
  • Online publication: 12 May 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544392.055
Available formats
×